16195930
Descrição
Quiz por Emilie Dandan, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Emilie Dandan
quase 6 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
There are about _______ genes that are involved in the development of the mammalian heart.
Responda
-
10
-
50
-
100
-
500
-
1000
Questão 2
Questão
All of the following are names of paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4-week embryo except:
Responda
-
Pulmonary veins
-
Umbilical veins
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Vitelline veins
-
Cardinal veins
Questão 3
Questão
The incidence of congenital heart defects is:
Responda
-
1/100 live births
-
1/200 live births
-
1/500 live births
Questão 4
Questão
The most common cause of an isolated congenital heart defect is:
Responda
-
Chromosome abnormality
-
Teratogen exposure
-
Sporadic/Multifactorial etiology
-
Maternal malnutrition
Questão 5
Questão
When a heart defect is seen on ultrasound there is an approximately _____% chance of a chromosome abnormality.
Responda
-
1%
-
10%
-
20%
-
50%
Questão 6
Questão
The _________________ is a structure that allows blood to be exchanged between the L and R atria during fetal life but after birth it functionally closes.
Responda
-
Ductus arteriosus
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Septum secundum
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Foramen ovale
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Ductus venosus
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Responda
-
Pulmonary Stenosis
-
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Overriding Aorta
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Endocardial cushion defect
Questão 8
Questão
The most common type of congenital heart defect is:
Responda
-
Atrial Septal Defect
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Coarctation of the Aorta
Questão 9
Questão
Patent ductus arteriosus is an acyanotic heart defect. When isolated it can cause clinical problems, however, when it occurs alongside/as part of the following defect it is a lifesaving anomaly.
Responda
-
Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Ventricular Septal Defect
-
Tricuspid insufficiency
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following cardiac anomalies can be congenital OR acquired?
Responda
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Aortic valve stenosis
Questão 11
Questão
Which of the following cyanotic heart defects is the most common cause of cyanosis in neonates?
Responda
-
Truncus arteriosus
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Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tricuspid Insufficiency
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Questão 12
Questão
Select all of the paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4 week embryo:
Responda
-
Cardinal Veins
-
Vitelline Veins
-
Umbilical Veins
-
Ductal Veins
Questão 13
Questão
Intersegmental arteries carry blood to the:
Responda
-
Primordial gut and eventually foregut, midgut and hindgut
-
Connecting stalk and become continuous with vessels in chorion
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Somites and their derivatives
Questão 14
Questão
All of the following statements are true regarding atrial septal defects (ASDs) except:
Responda
-
They are more common in females than males.
-
The most common type of ASD is patent foramen ovale.
-
Endocardial cushion defects are often isolated and rarely associated with genetic conditions.
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The most common ASD is well tolerated through childhood and may not present with symptoms until the 30s (pulmonary hypertension).
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Sinus venosus defect and common atrium are rare types of ASDs.
Questão 15
Questão
All of the following statements are true regarding ventricular septal defects (VSDs) except:
Responda
-
They are more common in males than females.
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The most common type of VSD is membranous VSD.
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They account for about 25% of all congenital heart defects.
-
A small percentage (<5%) will spontaneously close within the first year of life while the rest require surgical correction.
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Large VSDs with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary HTN can result in cardiac failure in infancy.
Questão 16
Questão
Which of the following congenital heart defects usually results in infant death within the first few weeks of life:
Responda
-
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Patent Foramen Ovale
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Muscular VSD
Questão 17
Questão
Which of the following structures is NOT a fetal adaptation? (i.e. a structure that is necessary for fetal circulation/normal cardiac function but not for postnatal function)
Responda
-
Ductus venosus
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Septum secundum
-
Ductus arteriosus
-
Foramen ovale
Questão 18
Questão
The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 19
Questão
Neural crest cells along with primordial heart cells work together to develop the fetal heart.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 20
Questão
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of 3 main segments and all of them are vitelline in nature (i.e. arising from the same embryonic tissue).
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 21
Questão
There are many physiological differences between fetal and neonatal circulation.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however it is not always present at birth.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 23
Questão
If you identify a cystic hygroma/large NT measurement on ultrasound, most of the time it will be due to an underlying chromosome abnormality.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 24
Questão
The three vessels of the umbilical cord originate from the same embryonic structure.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 25
Questão
By the end of the 4th week circulation is no longer ebb-and-flow like and is instead moving in unidirectional flow.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 26
Questão
Aortic valve stenosis is always a congenital anomaly and can be detected shortly after birth.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 27
Questão
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however, it is not always present at birth.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 28
Questão
Several of the fetal blood vessels that are no longer required after birth remain as functional ligaments supporting their surrounding structures.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 29
Questão
A baby’s heart beats at a rate about twice as fast of an average adult.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 30
Questão
The tubular heart undergoes a [blank_start]right[blank_end]-handed looping at approximately 23-28 days forming a D-loop that results in heart with apex pointing to the left.
Responda
-
right
Questão 31
Questão
The [blank_start]foramen ovale[blank_end] is one of the fetal adaptations; a structure resulting in the incomplete partition between the atria.
Responda
-
foramen ovale
Questão 32
Questão
[blank_start]Tetralogy of Fallot[blank_end] is an congenital heart defect associated with pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.
Responda
-
Tetralogy of Fallot
Questão 33
Questão
The names of the AV valves (the valves separating the atria from their respective ventricles) are the [blank_start]mitral[blank_end] and the [blank_start]tricuspid[blank_end] valve.
Responda
-
mitral
-
tricuspid
Questão 34
Questão
Transposition of the great vessels is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. What is an associated CHD that improves the outcome of infants with transposition of great vessels: [blank_start]patent foramen ovale[blank_end]
Responda
-
patent foramen ovale
Questão 35
Questão
The most common type of atrial septal defect is [blank_start]patent foramen ovale.[blank_end]
Responda
-
patent foramen ovale
Questão 36
Questão
The 1st morphologic sign of gastrulation is the [blank_start]primitive streak[blank_end], which makes it possible to identify the craniocaudal axis, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and right and left sides.
Responda
-
primitive streak
Questão 37
Questão
The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the [blank_start]ductus venosus[blank_end] of fetal circulation (i.e. one of the fetal adaptations). Usually it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the liver and may be continuous with the round ligament of the liver.
Responda
-
ductus venosus
Questão 38
Questão
[blank_start]Cystic hygroma[blank_end] is a lymphatic defect that is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcomes.
Responda
-
Cystic hygroma
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