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Paediatric Dentistry PMU-Part I (units 1-4)

Descrição

Unit 1.Ontogenesis of Maxillofacial Region. Unit 2.Ontogenetic Development of Tooth Germ- Elements and Stages. Unit 3.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Enamel. Unit 4.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Dentin.
Gilles Paling
Quiz por Gilles Paling, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Gilles Paling
Criado por Gilles Paling quase 6 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The three parts of the human embryo are pars cranialis, pars umbilicalis and pars caudalis.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 2

Questão
The yolk sac is connected to the middle portion of the enteron of an embryo by ductus vitellinus.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 3

Questão
The first pharyngeal arch, also called mandibular arch, forms the thyroid cartilage.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 4

Questão
Fourth and fifth pharyngeal arches fuse to form a portion of mesopharynx.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 5

Questão
The ossification of the mandible starts in the region of the bifurcation of mental and incisive branches of n. alveolaris inferior through the process of metaplasia in embryonic bone.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 6

Questão
The initial stages of fetal development of the human embryo are: 1. [blank_start]Zygote[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Morula[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Blastula[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Gastrula[blank_end]
Responda
  • Zygote
  • Morula
  • Blastula
  • Gastrula

Questão 7

Questão
Write a definition for each of the following terms: 1. Buccopharangeal membrane: A [blank_start]bilaminar[blank_end] /ectoderm and endoderm/ [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] that lies at the [blank_start]caudal limit of the stomodeum[blank_end]. 2. Pharangeal arch: [blank_start]Thickening of the mesenchyme[blank_end]. 3. Metaplasia in embryonic bone: The process of [blank_start]transformation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]primary mesenchymal cells[blank_end] into [blank_start]connective tissue.[blank_end]
Responda
  • bilaminar
  • membrane
  • caudal limit of the stomodeum
  • Thickening of the mesenchyme
  • transformation
  • primary mesenchymal cells
  • connective tissue.

Questão 8

Questão
The primitive mouth /stomodeum/ is formed:
Responda
  • At the end of the first month of embryonic life
  • At the end of the third month of embryonic life
  • During the third month of embryonic life
  • During the fifth month of embryonic life

Questão 9

Questão
The development of the maxillofacial region of an embryo is observed at the end of the:
Responda
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fifth week of embryonic life

Questão 10

Questão
Stomodeum is:
Responda
  • The enteron of an embryo
  • Mesoderm
  • The oral pit
  • Ectoderm

Questão 11

Questão
The enteron of an embryo consists of:
Responda
  • a) Ectoderm
  • b) Endoderm
  • c) Mesoderm
  • a + b + c

Questão 12

Questão
The development of the pharyngeal grooves and arches is observed at the beginning of the:
Responda
  • First week of embryonic life
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life

Questão 13

Questão
The first pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Responda
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Salivary glands, tongue, muscles of mastication
  • Mandible, part of maxilla

Questão 14

Questão
The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Responda
  • Hyoid bone, apex and dorsum of the tongue
  • Lower jaw
  • Thyroid cartilage

Questão 15

Questão
The third pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Responda
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid cartilage, root of the tongue
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Muscles of mastication

Questão 16

Questão
The tongue starts to develop during the:
Responda
  • First month of embryonic life
  • Second month of embryonic life
  • Third month of embryonic life
  • Fourth month of embryonic life

Questão 17

Questão
The floor of the mouth is derived from:
Responda
  • First, second and third pharyngeal arches
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • First, second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches
  • Second and third pharyngeal arches

Questão 18

Questão
The hyoid bone is derived from the:
Responda
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Questão 19

Questão
The thyroid cartilage is derived from the:
Responda
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Questão 20

Questão
The maxilla is derived from the: 1.Fifth pharyngeal arch 2.Second pharyngeal arch 3. Two maxillary processes 4. Third pharyngeal arch 5. Frontonasal process
Responda
  • 3,5
  • 1,2,3
  • 3,4,5
  • 2,3,5

Questão 21

Questão
The statement about the cleft lip that is correct is:
Responda
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and lateral nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes

Questão 22

Questão
Fill in the gaps of column A using the numbers of column B, to make the statement correct: Column A a) Ectoderm: [blank_start]3[blank_end] b) Endoderm: [blank_start]1[blank_end] c) Mesoderm: [blank_start]2[blank_end] Column B 1. Inner layer 2. Middle layer 3. Outer layer
Responda
  • 3
  • 1
  • 2

Questão 23

Questão
The initial stage of foetal development of an embryo, characterised by fast cell division at a geometric progression, producing a cluster of cells, is called a [blank_start]morula[blank_end].
Responda
  • morula

Questão 24

Questão
The cleft palate is a defect that permits open communication between [blank_start]nasal and oral cavities[blank_end].
Responda
  • nasal and oral cavities

Questão 25

Questão
The tongue is derived from the: 1. first pharyngeal arch 2. second pharyngeal arch 3. third pharyngeal arch 4. fourth pharyngeal arch
Responda
  • 1,2,3
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Questão 26

Questão
Which of the following statements are correct?
Responda
  • The frontal process divides into medial and frontal parts.
  • The medial portion of the frontal process forms the olfactory pits and nasal processes.
  • The lateral portion of the frontal process forms the nasal septum and primary palate.
  • The maxillary process fuse with the medial frontonasal process and form the middle part of the maxilla- the philtrum.
  • The development of secondary palate is characterised by the formation of two palatal shelves on the maxillary processes and fusion with the primary palate.
  • The development of the maxillofacial region of the mebryo occurs in pars caudalis.
  • The pharangeal grooves are invaginations of the ectoderm.
  • The buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures, thus establishing the communication between the stomodeum and the primitive digestive tract.
  • The cleft palate is due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes.

Questão 27

Questão
The primitive oral pit /stomodeum/ participates in the formation of the nasal and oral cavities.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 28

Questão
Sacculus dentis gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 29

Questão
Stellate reticulum consists of tight aggregation of cells with large nucleus and long processes.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 30

Questão
Stratum intermedium consists of one layer of star shaped cells.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 31

Questão
Papilla dentis is ectodermal in origin.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 32

Questão
Sacculus dentis is a concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 33

Questão
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. The three stages of tooth development are: 1. [blank_start]Bud stage[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]elements[blank_end] of the [blank_start]tooth germ[blank_end] a) [blank_start]Cap stage[blank_end] b) [blank_start]Bell stage[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Histogenesis[blank_end] and [blank_start]Morphodifferentiation[blank_end] of the dental tissues.
Responda
  • Bud stage
  • Differentiation
  • elements
  • tooth germ
  • Cap stage
  • Bell stage
  • Histogenesis
  • Morphodifferentiation

Questão 34

Questão
Papilla dentis differentiates into: a) [blank_start]Dentin[blank_end] b)[blank_start]Pulp[blank_end]
Responda
  • Dentin
  • Pulp

Questão 35

Questão
A. A concentric layer of connective tissue, in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded, is called [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end]. B.The enamel organ functions in the formation of the [blank_start]crown of the tooth[blank_end]. C.The alveolar bone develops from the [blank_start]outer layer[blank_end] of sacculus dentis. D.The [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] and periodontium develop from the sacculus dentis.
Responda
  • dental follicle
  • dental pulp
  • crown of the tooth
  • root
  • outer layer
  • inner layer
  • cementum
  • enamel

Questão 36

Questão
Vestibular proliferation of the primary epithelial band leads to the formation of [blank_start]lamina vestibularis[blank_end].
Responda
  • lamina vestibularis

Questão 37

Questão
Lamina dentis develops as a result of the proliferation of the [blank_start]primary epithelial band[blank_end].
Responda
  • primary epithelial band

Questão 38

Questão
Lamina dentis develops as a result of:
Responda
  • division of the primary epithelial band
  • proliferation of the lamina vestibularis
  • proliferation of the primary epithelial band
  • the basal layer of epithelium

Questão 39

Questão
The coat of ectodermal cells of the primitive oral pit consists of:
Responda
  • one layer of cells
  • two layers of cells
  • three layers of cells
  • multilayered epithelium

Questão 40

Questão
The primary tooth germs form within lamina dentis during the:
Responda
  • 2nd-7th week of embryonic life
  • 10th-20th week of embryonic life
  • 7th-10th week of embryonic life
  • 20th-30th week of embryonic life

Questão 41

Questão
The germs of the permanent molars arise from:
Responda
  • The distal extension of the dental lamina
  • The vestibular lamina
  • The primary epithelial band

Questão 42

Questão
The statement about the bud stage that is incorrect is:
Responda
  • The epithelial cells proliferate in the mesenchyme to form a tooth bud.
  • The cellular aggregation gives rise to the enamel organ.
  • The tooth bud consists of differentiated cells.

Questão 43

Questão
During the bell stage the dental organ:
Responda
  • a) Is composed of ectoderm
  • b) Is composed of mesenchyme
  • c) Develops from the lamina vestibularis
  • a+b+c

Questão 44

Questão
The tooth bud itself is a group of:
Responda
  • Undifferentiated epithelial cells
  • differentiated epithelial cells
  • Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • Fibroblasts

Questão 45

Questão
Sacculus dentis gives rise to:
Responda
  • Dentin
  • Enamel
  • Cementum
  • Pulp

Questão 46

Questão
During the bell stage the inner enamel epithelium is responsible for:
Responda
  • Enamel formation
  • Dentin formation
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Determination of shape and size of the enamel.

Questão 47

Questão
Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath initiates the formation of:
Responda
  • The crown of the tooth
  • The root of the tooth

Questão 48

Questão
The statement about the epithelial cell rests of Malassez that is correct is:
Responda
  • Connective tissue, located around the tooth germ.
  • Fibrous capsule formed around the dental organ during the bell stage.
  • Discrete clusters of residual cells Hertwig's root sheath.
  • Mesenchymal cells that are located under the enamel organ

Questão 49

Questão
Stellate reticulum is located:
Responda
  • Under stratum intermedium
  • Under the outer enamel epithelium
  • Under the inner enamel epithelium
  • Under the dental follicle

Questão 50

Questão
Papilla dentis differentiates into: 1. Enamel. 2. Dentin. 3. Cementum. 4.Dental pulp.
Responda
  • 1,2
  • 3,4
  • 1,4
  • 2,4

Questão 51

Questão
Stratum intermedium of enamel organ during the bell stage is located between: 1. The inner enamel epithelium. 2. The outer enamel epithelium. 3. Stellate reticulum.
Responda
  • 1,2
  • 2,3
  • 1,3

Questão 52

Questão
Functions of the stratum intermedium are: 1. Metabolic. 2. Germinative. 3. Maintenance of the shape of the enamel organ. 4. Ensures space for the developing crown.
Responda
  • 1,2,4
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4

Questão 53

Questão
The right combination of statements about the inner enamel epithelium is: 1. Its cells are located directly above the basement membrane that separates them from the connective tissue of dental papilla. 2. It consists of cylindrical cells that have the potential to differentiate into ameloblasts. 3. It consists of star-shaped cells. 4. Its cells possess a large nucleus. 5. It consists of several layers of compactly arranged flat cells.
Responda
  • 1,2,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4,5
  • 1,2,3

Questão 54

Questão
The right combination of statements about the dental papilla is: 1. It is located in the deeply invaginated concave side of the dental organ during the bell stage. 2. It is a formation of epithelial tissues. 3. It is mesenchymal in origin. 4. Its peripheral cells differentiate into odontoblasts.
Responda
  • 1,3,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 3,4

Questão 55

Questão
The right combination of statements about Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath is: 1. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 2. It participates in the root formation of the tooth. 3. It is a proliferation of epithelial cells. 4. It is mesenchymal in origin.
Responda
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Questão 56

Questão
Which of the following statements are correct?
Responda
  • The initial stage of tooth development is characterised by the aggregation of undifferentiated epithelial cells in the mesenchyme and the appearance of the tooth bud.
  • Dental follicles are derived from the mesenchymal connective tissue surrounding the enamel organ.
  • Stellate reticulum is located under outer enamel epithelium and consists of 2-3 layers of cells with large nucleus and long protoplasmic processes which communicate with each other.
  • Lamina dentis is formed as a result of the proliferation of the primary epithelial band.

Questão 57

Questão
Match the layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage with their characteristics: A. Outer enamel epithelium: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Stellate reticulum: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] C. Stratum intermedium: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] D. Inner enamel epithelium: [blank_start]4[blank_end] 1. Star shaped cells 2. Short cuboidal cells 3. Compactly arranged flat cells 4. Cylindrical cells with a large nucleus 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Responda
  • 2
  • 5
  • 1
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 3
  • 7
  • 8
  • 4

Questão 58

Questão
Match the layers from the first column that best relate to the items listed in the second column: A. Stomodeum: [blank_start]3[blank_end] B. Guberculum dentis: [blank_start]4[blank_end] C. Sacculus dentis: [blank_start]1[blank_end] D. Hertwig's rooth sheath: [blank_start]2[blank_end] 1. A concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded. 2. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 3. Primitive oral pit. 4. A band that connects the gingival lamina propria and the perifollicular tissue of the developing tooth. 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Responda
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2

Questão 59

Questão
In which couple of words is there no semantic context?
Responda
  • Proliferation- Cap stage
  • Mesenchyme- Papilla dentis
  • Stellate reticulum- Epithelial cell rests of Malassez
  • Inner enamel epithelium- Ameloblasts

Questão 60

Questão
The four layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage are: A) [blank_start]Outer enamel epithelium[blank_end] B) [blank_start]Stellate reticulum[blank_end] C) [blank_start]Stratum intermedium[blank_end] D) [blank_start]Inner enamel epithelium[blank_end]
Responda
  • Outer enamel epithelium
  • Stellate reticulum
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Inner enamel epithelium

Questão 61

Questão
Enamel is ectodermal in origin.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 62

Questão
Odontoblasts are cells, present only during the tooth development, that deposit tooth enamel.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 63

Questão
In the bell stage the "enamel pulp" consists of stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium and acts as a metabolic environment during the enamel formation.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 64

Questão
The enamel maturation is characterised only by crystal growth.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 65

Questão
Mature enamel consists of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 66

Questão
The basic morphological unit of enamel is the enamel rod.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 67

Questão
The enamel rods are composed of apatite crystals.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 68

Questão
Enamel contains a large amount of organic materials.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 69

Questão
The rod sheaths and interrod regions of enamel contain more organic material than the enamel rods.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 70

Questão
After their modification in the Golgi apparatus, the proteins are packaged into secretory granules, called "ameloblastic bodies".
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 71

Questão
The enamel lamellae are a type of:
Responda
  • Hypomineralised structure in teeth
  • Hypermineralised structure in teeth

Questão 72

Questão
Hunter and Schreger bands:
Responda
  • Are optical phenomenon
  • Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth
  • Represent the S-shaped curve of the course of the enamel rods

Questão 73

Questão
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. Functions of enamel organ are: 1. [blank_start]Formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] matrix. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation[blank_end] and [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of enamel matrix. 3. Determines [blank_start]size[blank_end] and [blank_start]shape[blank_end] of [blank_start]crown[blank_end]. 4. Stimulates [blank_start]differentiation[blank_end] of [blank_start]messenchyme[blank_end] into [blank_start]odontoblasts[blank_end]. 5. Formation of [blank_start]root[blank_end]. 6. [blank_start]Protection[blank_end].
Responda
  • Formation
  • enamel
  • Mineralisation
  • maturation
  • size
  • shape
  • crown
  • differentiation
  • mesenchyme
  • odontoblasts
  • root
  • Protection

Questão 74

Questão
The stages of amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of enamel matrix[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of enamel matrix[blank_end].
Responda
  • Formation of enamel matrix
  • Mineralisation of enamel matrix

Questão 75

Questão
The two types of ameloblasts during amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Tall secretory cells[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Short absorptive cells[blank_end].
Responda
  • Tall secretory cells
  • Short absorptive cells

Questão 76

Questão
The organic material of enamel is: a [blank_start]glycoprotein[blank_end] [blank_start]complex[blank_end] of [blank_start]acid[blank_end] [blank_start]soluble[blank_end]/[blank_start]insoluble[blank_end] [blank_start]fractions[blank_end].
Responda
  • glycoprotein
  • complex
  • acid
  • soluble
  • insoluble
  • fractions

Questão 77

Questão
Describe the features of the enamel of newly formed teeth: 1. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] [blank_start]amount[blank_end] of [blank_start]organic[blank_end] [blank_start]material[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Extensive[blank_end] [blank_start]rod[blank_end] [blank_start]sheaths[blank_end]. 3. [blank_start]Well[blank_end] [blank_start]defined[blank_end] [blank_start]interrod[blank_end] [blank_start]regions[blank_end] in [blank_start]enamel[blank_end]. 4. [blank_start]Small[blank_end] [blank_start]apatite[blank_end] [blank_start]crystals[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]High[blank_end] [blank_start]exchange[blank_end] [blank_start]rate[blank_end].
Responda
  • Large
  • amount
  • organic
  • material
  • Extensive
  • rod
  • sheaths
  • Well
  • defined
  • interrod
  • regions
  • enamel
  • Small
  • apatite
  • crystals
  • High
  • exchange
  • rate

Questão 78

Questão
Before the tooth eruption the exchange in enamel is from [blank_start]dental papilla[blank_end] and [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end] ; after tooth eruption- the exchange direction is from [blank_start]the saliva[blank_end].
Responda
  • dental papilla
  • dental follicle
  • the saliva

Questão 79

Questão
The exchange rate in the hydroxyapatite crystal depends on the: 1. [blank_start]Crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]size[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Thickness[blank_end] of [blank_start]hydration layer[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Size[blank_end] and [blank_start]electrical charge[blank_end] of the [blank_start]microspaces[blank_end]
Responda
  • Crystal
  • size
  • Thickness
  • hydration layer
  • Size
  • electrical charge
  • microspaces

Questão 80

Questão
The stages of the ionic exchange in the hydroxyapatite crystal of the enamel are: 1. The [blank_start]Ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]superficial[blank_end] [blank_start]hydration[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end]. 2. The [blank_start]ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]subsurface[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end] of [blank_start]absorbed[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] and [blank_start]neutralise[blank_end] their [blank_start]charges[blank_end]. 3. The ions diffuse and [blank_start]displace[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] in the layer and are [blank_start]incorporated[blank_end] into [blank_start]surface[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end]. 4. The ions diffuse into the [blank_start]core[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]lattice[blank_end] in an [blank_start]irreversible[blank_end] [blank_start]process[blank_end].
Responda
  • Ions
  • superficial
  • hydration
  • layer
  • ions
  • subsurface
  • layer
  • absorbed
  • ions
  • neutralise
  • charges
  • displace
  • ions
  • incorporated
  • surface
  • crystal
  • core
  • crystal
  • lattice
  • irreversible
  • process

Questão 81

Questão
The ionic exchange in the enamel causes [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end] and [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] changes.
Responda
  • quantitative
  • qualitative

Questão 82

Questão
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? 1. Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rods 2. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction 3. Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth [blank_start]Cross striations[blank_end]
Responda
  • Cross striations

Questão 83

Questão
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? A. Perpendicular to the long axis of the rods B. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction C. Represent the disturbed enamel mineralisation [blank_start]Striae of Retzius[blank_end]
Responda
  • Striae of Retzius

Questão 84

Questão
An exaggerated Striae of Retzius seen in histological section of all primary teeth and first permanent molars, is called [blank_start]neonatal lines[blank_end].
Responda
  • neonatal lines

Questão 85

Questão
The boundary between enamel and dentin, which is less a mineralised zone, is called [blank_start]dentinoenamel junction[blank_end].
Responda
  • dentinoenamel junction

Questão 86

Questão
Immediately after the eruption enamel is covered by a specific organic film that is called [blank_start]cuticula dentis[blank_end].
Responda
  • cuticula dentis

Questão 87

Questão
The hydroxyapatite crystal is covered by the double layer of Helmoltz which is composed of [blank_start]tightly bound water[blank_end].
Responda
  • tightly bound water

Questão 88

Questão
The statement about the enamel that is incorrect is:
Responda
  • It develops from the dental papilla.
  • It has similar hardness to diamond.
  • It is the hardest dental tissue.

Questão 89

Questão
In the enamel matrix formation participate:
Responda
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Questão 90

Questão
The least amount of organic material in enamel is concentrated in the:
Responda
  • Interrod regions
  • Enamel rods
  • Intercrystal spaces
  • Rod sheaths

Questão 91

Questão
The right combination of statements about the secretory ameloblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size 2. The cell nucleus increases in size and moves to the opposite end towards the stratum intermedium. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves towards the dental papilla.
Responda
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Questão 92

Questão
The right combination of statements about the surface aprismatic enamel is: 1. The crystals are perpendicular to the enamel surface. 2. The enamel rods are compactly arranged. 3. This layer does not contain enamel rods. 4. It contains large amounts of minerals. 5. It contains large amounts of water and calcium carbonate. 6. This layer is more resistant than the underlying ones.
Responda
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,4,5
  • 1,3,4,6
  • 3,4,5

Questão 93

Questão
The formation of enamel matrix does not include the:
Responda
  • Organising stage of the secretory ameloblasts.
  • Development of Tomes' process
  • Crystal nucleation
  • Formation of a walled pit in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process
  • Deposition of enamel matrix inside of each pit

Questão 94

Questão
The statement about the initial mineralisation of the enamel matrix that are incorrect are:
Responda
  • The crystal nucleation is the initial deposition process of microelements in the organic matrix.
  • The ameloblasts are short and become more active in absorption.
  • The ameloblasts are short and active secretory cells.
  • The tall ameloblasts remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.
  • The ameloblasts are short and remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.

Questão 95

Questão
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Responda
  • The mineralisation of enamel closely follows the secretion of the organic matrix follows the secretion of the organic matrix.
  • In enamel there is a linear mode of mineralisation.
  • The enamel mineralisations start in the centre of the enamel rods.
  • The Phosphate theory is based on epitaxy- a mechanism of enamel mineralisation.

Questão 96

Questão
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Responda
  • The surface aprismatic enamel is a hypomineralised area.
  • The tightly bound water forms the hydration layer around the apatite crystal.
  • The loosely bound water is located in the spaces between the crystals.

Questão 97

Questão
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Responda
  • The deposition of matrix inside of each walled pit, in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process, is a stage in formation of the enamel matrix.
  • The Tomes' process contains ameloblastic bodies.
  • Enamel undergoes entirely post-eruptive maturation.

Questão 98

Questão
The enamel maturation causes quality and quantity changes. 1. A reduction of the organic material and loosely bound water 2. An increase of the mineral content by a crystal growth 3. The amelogenins disappear totally during the maturation of the enamel. 4. The ionic exchange increases the resistance of the enamel. 5. The hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite are replaced by flouride ions. A. Quality changes: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Quantity changes: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end]
Responda
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Questão 99

Questão
Dentin is mesenchymal in origin.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 100

Questão
Dentinogenesis is performed by ameloblasts.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 101

Questão
The dentin matrix as a secretory product of cells consists of fibres and amorphous substance.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 102

Questão
The mineralisation of mature dentin matrix is linear and globular.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 103

Questão
Dentin consists of 70% organic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 104

Questão
The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists mainly of alpha fibres.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 105

Questão
The intertubular dentin constitutes the main part of the dentin mass.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 106

Questão
The mantle dentin is formed by ameloblasts and fibroblasts.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 107

Questão
The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of the dentin.
Responda
  • Yes
  • No

Questão 108

Questão
Dentin is covered by [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] on the crown and by [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] on the root, and it surrounds [blank_start]pulp[blank_end], located at the centre of the tooth.
Responda
  • enamel
  • cementum
  • pulp

Questão 109

Questão
The two stages of dentinogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of matrix[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of matrix[blank_end]
Responda
  • Formation of matrix
  • Mineralisation of matrix

Questão 110

Questão
The interglobular dentin can be formed as a result of: 1. [blank_start]Metabolic disorders[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Avitaminosis[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Acute[blank_end] and [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] during [blank_start]dentin mineralisation[blank_end].
Responda
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Avitaminosis
  • Acute
  • chronic
  • disease
  • dentin mineralisation

Questão 111

Questão
The [blank_start]fibrils[blank_end] of dentin matrix are synthesised during fibrillogenesis.
Responda
  • fibrils

Questão 112

Questão
The morphological units of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Dentinal tubules[blank_end] and [blank_start]peritubular dentin[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]intertubular dentin[blank_end].
Responda
  • Dentinal tubules
  • peritubular dentin
  • intertubular dentin

Questão 113

Questão
The three layers of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Mantle dentin[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Circumpulpal dentin[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Predentin[blank_end]
Responda
  • Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Predentin

Questão 114

Questão
The cells that secrete alpha fibres of dentin are called:
Responda
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Questão 115

Questão
The cells that secrete the beta fibres of dentin are called:
Responda
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Questão 116

Questão
A granular-appearing layer of dentin, underlying the cementum that covers the root is called [blank_start]granular layer of Tomes[blank_end].
Responda
  • granular layer of Tomes

Questão 117

Questão
The statement about dentin that is incorrect is:
Responda
  • It develops from the dental papilla
  • Bone and dentin are mineralised tissues that are similar in their structure and degree of mineralisation.
  • It is harder than enamel.

Questão 118

Questão
In the formation of the primary dentin matrix participate:
Responda
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Questão 119

Questão
The inorganic component of dentin consists of:
Responda
  • Apatite crystals
  • Phosphoproteins
  • Amorphous material (MgCO3, CaCO3)
  • Lipids
  • Microelements
  • Water

Questão 120

Questão
The organic components of dentin are concentrated in the:
Responda
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Apatite crystals
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Odontoblast processes

Questão 121

Questão
The right combination about the secretory odontoblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size. 2. The cell nucleus increases in size. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves pulpally.
Responda
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Questão 122

Questão
The statement about the dentinal tubules that is incorrect is:
Responda
  • They radiate outward through the dentin from pulp to enamel border.
  • They run parallel to the pulp cavity.
  • They follow an "S" shaped course with primary and secondary curvatures.
  • The odontoblasts line the periphery of the pulp chamber, while their processes extend into the dentinal tubules.

Questão 123

Questão
The basic morphological units are the:
Responda
  • Dentinal tubules
  • Rods
  • Fibrils

Questão 124

Questão
Which type of dentin is more mineralised than the other types of dentin?
Responda
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Secondary dentin

Questão 125

Questão
The statement about intertubular dentin that is incorrect is:
Responda
  • It is located between dentinal tubules.
  • It is deposited around each odontoblast process.
  • The organic matrix mainly consists of collagen fibres embedded in an amorphous substance.

Questão 126

Questão
The deposition of secondary dentin is:
Responda
  • Below the mantle dentin
  • On the walls of the pulp chamber
  • In the predentin layer of dentin

Questão 127

Questão
Granular layer of Tomes in dentin is said to be because of:
Responda
  • Coalescing and looping of the terminal portion of the dentinal tubules in the tooth root.
  • Avitaminosis C
  • Disturbed calcium exchange

Questão 128

Questão
In which couple of words is there no direct semantic context?
Responda
  • Around the odontoblast process - Peritubular dentin
  • Mantle dentin - It is more mineralised than the rest of the dentin
  • Ameloblasts - Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin - Interglobular areas

Questão 129

Questão
The water content of dentin is concentrated in the: 1. Dentinal lymph 2. Odontoblast processes 3. Organic component of the inter- and peritubular dentin 4. Hydration layer of the apatite crystals
Responda
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4

Questão 130

Questão
The right combination of statements about secondary dentin is: 1. Its deposition is on the walls of the pulp chamber 2. It constitutes the main part of dentin mass 3. It is poorly mineralised dentin 4. It is formed by odontoblasts
Responda
  • 1,2
  • 2,4
  • 3,4
  • 1,4

Questão 131

Questão
The features of dentin associated with childhood are: 1. A reduction in the dentin thickness 2. Highly mineralised dentin 3. lowly mineralised dentin 4. Ill-defined globular areas and lines 5. Large apatite crystals 6. Small apatite crystals 7. Large amounts of collagen fibres 8. Small amounts of collagen fibres 9. Wide dentinal tubules
Responda
  • 1,2,3,5,6
  • 1,3,4,7,8
  • 1,2,4,5,9
  • 1,3,6,7,9

Questão 132

Questão
The ionic exchange of dentin is ensured by the: 1. Enamel 2. Pulp 3. Periodontal ligament 4. Dentino-enamel junction
Responda
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 2,3
  • 3,4

Questão 133

Questão
In the exam write down the answer as "Yes" or "No" Which of the statements are correct?
Responda
  • The unmyelinated nerve fibres accompany the odontoblast processes in the dentinal tubules.
  • The mantle dentin is less mineralised than the other layers of dentin.
  • The contour lines of Owen are found in the circumpulpal dentin.
  • The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of dentin.
  • The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists of beta fibres and amorphous substance.
  • The predentin does not contain nerve fibres.
  • The contour lines of Ebner are caused by accentuated deficiencies in mineralisation.

Questão 134

Questão
Match the items from the first column that best relate to the items on the second column. 1. It is deposited around each odontoblast process. 2. It is a collar of more highly calcified matrix that delimits each dentinal tubule. 3. It consists of fibrils and amorphous substance. 4. It is the most highly mineralised type of dentin. 5. It is located between the dentinal tubules. A. Peritubular dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end] B. Intertubular dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 3
  • 5

Questão 135

Questão
Match the dentin types with their characteristics: 1. It is formed by fibroblasts. 2. A layer of dentin around the pulp chamber. 3. A layer of dentin below the mantle dentin. 4. It consists of collagen fibres and ground substance. 5. It consists of Beta fibres. 6. It consists of Alpha fibres. A. Mantle dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end] B. Circumpulpal dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] C. Predentin: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Responda
  • 1
  • 4
  • 6
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5

Questão 136

Questão
The cross striations and striae of Retzius are: 1. The lines are perpendicular ti the longitudinal axis of the enamel rods. 2. The lines are parallel to the dentino-enamel junction. 3. The lines do not repeat at equal intervals. 4. The lines repeat at equal intervals. 5. They are less mineralised areas. 6. They represent the rhythm of the enamel matrix secretion. 7. They represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth. 8. They occur as a result of disturbing factors during the enamel mineralisation. A. The cross striations: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end] B. Striae of Retzius: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end]
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 5
  • 8

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