Questão 1
Questão
Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates continually around the body
Questão 2
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Blood is not a fluid connective tissue that circulates continually around the body
Questão 3
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Blood has a pH of 7.35 - 7.45 - slightly alkaline
Questão 4
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Average volumes of blood select 2
Questão 5
Questão
Select three functions of blood
Responda
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Homeostasis
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Transport
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Defence
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primarily keeping warm
Questão 6
Questão
What is transported by blood? (5)
Questão 7
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Blood is involved in homeostasis by regulating body temp, pH and regulating the blood volume
Questão 8
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Blood is not involved in homeostasis by regulating body temp, pH and regulating the blood volume
Questão 9
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Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (erythrocytes, leuko, platelets etc)
Questão 10
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Blood is mostly plasma and but also has formed elements (erythrocytes, leuko, platelets etc)
Questão 11
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Is plasma the same as serum?
Questão 12
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Serum has no clotting factor
Questão 13
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Serum is plasma without the clotting factor
Questão 14
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Plasma proteins are mostly produced by the liver
Questão 15
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Plasma does not stay in the blood
Questão 16
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Plasma proteins are too big to escape through the blood vessels
Questão 17
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Plasma proteins are made of albumin, globulins, clotting factors and regulatory enzymes and hormones
Questão 18
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Sodium ions are involved in water balance
Questão 19
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Potassium ions are involved in neuronal and muscle activation
Questão 20
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Calcium ions are important in nerve transmission
Questão 21
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Chloride ions, bicarb ions and phosphate ions are important electrolytes
Questão 22
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Venipuncture is a superficial vein puncture at anterior surface of elbow
Questão 23
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Venipuncture is a superficial vein puncture at posterior surface of elbow
Questão 24
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Capillary puncture is a finger tip, ear lobe, big toe or heel
Questão 25
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Arterial puncture is used to check efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange
Questão 26
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Haemopoiesis is the forming of blood cells
Questão 27
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Haemopoiesis occurs in flat and irregular bone marrow
Questão 28
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Haemopoietic stem cells form into myeloid stem and lymphoid stem cells
Questão 29
Questão
Haemopoietic stem cells do not form into myeloid stem and lymphoid stem cells
Questão 30
Questão
Select 4 types of cells the myeloid stem cell can develop into
Responda
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RBC
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Platelets
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Granulocytes
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Lymphocytes
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Monocyte
Questão 31
Questão
Select 3 different cells lymphoid stem cells can develop into
Responda
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Natural killer cells
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T Lymphocytes
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B Lymphocytes
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RBC
Questão 32
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Erythrocyte life span is 100 - 120 days
Questão 33
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Macrophages phagocytose worn out RBC's
Questão 34
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Haemoglobin is broken down into haemoglobin when RBC's are being destroyed
Questão 35
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Iron from haem is recycled to make new haemoglobin
Questão 36
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Globin is broken down into amino acids and released into the bloodstream when the RBC is being broken down.
Questão 37
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Erythropoiesis - production of red blood cells from precursor stem cells
Questão 38
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Stem cells take 7 days to form into RBC's
Questão 39
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Erythropoiesis requires amino acids, folic acid and vit B12
Questão 40
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Erythropoietin acts on the bone marrow to stimulate erythropoiesis
Questão 41
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Erythropoietin does not stimulate erythropoiesis
Questão 42
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Lack of functioning RBC's can result in hypoxia
Questão 43
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EPO can produce 30 million red blood cells per second
Questão 44
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EPO can produce 100 million red blood cells per second
Questão 45
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Kidneys secrete Erythropoetin into the blood
Questão 46
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Leukocyte rolling - when leukocytes leave the bloodstream and move to the site of infection
Questão 47
Questão
Leukocytes make up ....
Responda
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1% of the blood stream
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25% of the blood stream
Questão 48
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A Granulyte is a ....
Responda
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a white blood cell which does not granules in its cytoplasm, i.e. a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil.
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a white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm, i.e. a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil.
Questão 49
Questão
Agranulocytes are...
Questão 50
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Neutrophils make up
Responda
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40-75% of leukocytes
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10-75% of leukocytes
Questão 51
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Neutrophils are also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes due to the variable shapes of their nucleus
Questão 52
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Pseudopodium is a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboid cell for movement and feeding.
Questão 53
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Eosinophils are found at the sites of allergic reactions and digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytosed
Questão 54
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Leukocytes are similar to mast cells and are involved in the inflammatory response.
Questão 55
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There are three types of Lymphocytes: T Cells, B Cells and Natural killer cells.
Questão 56
Questão
Select the three types of Lymphocytes:
Responda
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T Cells, B Cells and Natural killer cells.
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T Cells, B Cells and Monocytes
Questão 57
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Monocytes are actively motile and phagocytic, they are crucial against viruses, bacterial parasites and infections.
Questão 58
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Platelets are cell fragments with no nucleus but lots of granules, lysosomes and mitochondria.
Questão 59
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Blood clotting is also known as haemostasis
Questão 60
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Anaemia; blood either has a lower than normal number of RBC's or a lower than normal amount of haemoglobin in each RBC
Questão 61
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Leukocytosis: increased WBC due to infection of inflammation.
Questão 62
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Leukopenia: decreased WBC, can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, overwhelming infection.
Questão 63
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Leukaemia is caused in the bone marrow by cancerous leukocytes, immature nonfunctional WBC's in the bloodstream.
Questão 64
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Thrombocytopenia: decreased platelet numbers, results in bleeding.
Questão 65
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Thrombocytosis: Increased platelet numbers, results in clotting within blood vessels.
Questão 66
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Thrombocytopenia: : Increased platelet numbers, results in clotting within blood vessels.
Questão 67
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Haematocrit is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
Questão 68
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Haematopoeisis is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
Questão 69
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A karyotype is simply a picture of a person’s chromosomes.
Questão 70
Questão
Cells differentiate to do different jobs, and need to express different genes
Questão 71
Questão
How is a gene expressed?
Questão 72
Questão
Ribosomes string together amino acids in the correct sequence (determined by the genetic code) to make proteins
Questão 73
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Ribosomes are Protein assembly machines.
Questão 74
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The ER functions as a manufacturing and packaging system.
Questão 75
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Rough ER: Protein folding and modification
Smooth ER: Lipid production
Questão 76
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Smooth ER: Protein folding and modification
Rough ER: Lipid production
Questão 77
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Golgi Apparatus: The protein packaging & shipping department.
Questão 78
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Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Questão 79
Questão
Osmosis is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Questão 80
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Osmosis: a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Questão 81
Questão
The process of normal cell division:
Questão 82
Responda
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Promote cell death
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Promote cell division
Questão 83
Responda
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Promote cell division
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Promote cell death
Questão 84
Questão
There are four main tissue types: Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue & Nervous tissue