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Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09

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Quiz sobre Biochemistry MCQs- JUNE 09, criado por MatthewEllis96 em 03-02-2015.
MatthewEllis96
Quiz por MatthewEllis96, atualizado more than 1 year ago
MatthewEllis96
Criado por MatthewEllis96 quase 10 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
THE CARBOHYDRATE RIBOSE CONTAINS HOW MANY CARBON ATOMS?
Responda
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6

Questão 2

Questão
SUCROSE IS A DISACCHARIDE OF:
Responda
  • Glucose and fructose
  • Maltose and glucose
  • Glucose and galactose
  • Fructose and galactose

Questão 3

Questão
THE BEST DESCRIPTION FOR FATTY ACIDS IS:
Responda
  • Hydrophobic
  • Hydrophilic
  • Amphipathic
  • Anglophobic

Questão 4

Questão
GLYCOGEN CONTAINS WHICH TYPES OF GLYCOSIDIC BONDS BETWEEN GLUCOSE RESIDUES?
Responda
  • α(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and α(1→6)
  • α(1→4) and β(1→6)
  • β(1→4) and β(1→6)

Questão 5

Questão
THE CONFORMATION OF THE POLYSACCHARIDE CHAINS IN CELLULOSE IS NORMALLY:
Responda
  • Helical
  • Random coil
  • Zig-zag
  • Linear

Questão 6

Questão
THE REDOX CENTRE IN NAD+ IS:
Responda
  • Nicotine
  • Nicotinamide
  • Flavin mononucleotide
  • Flavinoid

Questão 7

Questão
WHICH NUCLEOTIDE TRIPHOSPHATE IS COMMONLY INVOLVED IN RIBOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION?
Responda
  • CTP
  • TTP
  • UTP
  • GTP

Questão 8

Questão
IN LIVING CELLS, ATP IS USUALLY FOUND IN COMPLEX WITH WHICH ION?
Responda
  • Na+
  • Ca2+
  • Hg2+
  • Mg2+

Questão 9

Questão
IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY OF GALACTOSE METABOLISM, GALACTOSE IS PHOSPHORYLATED TO GIVE:
Responda
  • Galactose 1-phosphate
  • Galactose 6-phosphate
  • Glucose 1-phosphate
  • Glucose 6-phosphate

Questão 10

Questão
THE MAIN CARBOHYDRATE “FUEL” OF SPERM CELLS IS:
Responda
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
  • Maltose

Questão 11

Questão
WHICH PATHWAY RESULTS IN THE GREATEST OVERALL DIRECT GENERATION OF ATP UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS?
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • The tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Gluconeogenesis

Questão 12

Questão
FOR THE COMPLETE OXIDATIVE METABOLISM OF ONE MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS, HOW MANY TIMES DOES THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE “TURN”?
Responda
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Questão 13

Questão
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF ACETYL COENZYME A (AcCoA) WHICH ENTERS THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, HOW MANY MOLECULES OF CARBON DIOXIDE ARE RELEASED?
Responda
  • 0
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4

Questão 14

Questão
UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, YEAST METABOLISE GLUCOSE TO:
Responda
  • Ethanol via acetic acid
  • Acetic acid via ethanol
  • Acetaldehyde (ethanal) via ethanol
  • Ethanol via acetaldehyde (ethanal)

Questão 15

Questão
THE PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS INCLUDE:
Responda
  • NADH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADPH, water and an electromotive force
  • NADPH, oxygen and a proton motive force
  • NADH, oxygen and an electromotive force

Questão 16

Questão
THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GREEN PLANTS REQUIRE:
Responda
  • NADPH, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NAD+, ATP and carbon dioxide
  • NADPH, ADP and oxygen
  • NADPH, ATP and oxygen

Questão 17

Questão
TWO METHODOLOGIES USED BY MELVIN CALVIN TO ELUCIDATE THE “DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WERE:
Responda
  • Paper chromatography and synthetic organic chemistry
  • X-ray crystallography and titrations
  • Gene sequencing and fluorescence resonance energy transfer
  • Tissue culture and NMR spectroscopy

Questão 18

Questão
WHICH OF THESE COFACTORS IS NEEDED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF MALONYL COENZYME A FROM ACETYL COENZYME A AND CARBON DIOXIDE?
Responda
  • Niacin
  • NAD+
  • Thiamine
  • Biotin

Questão 19

Questão
IN WATER, FATTY ACIDS CAN SPONTANEOUSLY ASSEMBLE INTO WHAT STRUCTURES?v
Responda
  • Micelles
  • Mitochondria
  • Mitotic spindles
  • Myosin

Questão 20

Questão
MALONATE INHIBITS AN ENZYME IN WHICH METABOLIC PATHWAY?
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • Tricarboxylic acid cycle
  • Leloir pathway
  • Glycogen biosynthesis

Questão 21

Questão
THE MICHAELIS CONSTANT, Km:
Responda
  • Has units of concentration
  • For a given enzyme is independent of the substrate used
  • Is a measure of the rate of acceleration carried out by the enzyme
  • Gives an idea of the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency

Questão 22

Questão
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS:
Responda
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state
  • Is usually dependant upon hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state

Questão 23

Questão
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Responda
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
  • A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site

Questão 24

Questão
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Responda
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate
  • A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate

Questão 25

Questão
THE PROTEIN UBIQUITIN:
Responda
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminal glycine residue
  • Is a polypeptide
  • Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains
  • Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation

Questão 26

Questão
PROTEOSOME-MEDIATED PROTEOLYSIS:
Responda
  • Is controlled by serine protease enzymes.
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the eukarote cell cycle
  • Is a key part of the control mechanism in the prokarote cell cycle
  • Is controlled by ubiquinone activating enzymes.

Questão 27

Questão
IN MICHAELIS-MENTON KINETICS, FORMATION OF THE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX:
Responda
  • Is always the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is never the rate limiting step in an enzyme catalysed reaction
  • Is always a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover
  • Is never a necessary pre-requisite to formation of the transition state and therefore product turnover

Questão 28

Questão
THE TRANSITION STATE MODEL FOR ENZYME CATALYSIS:
Responda
  • May explain why enzymes have particular substrate specificity
  • May explain why enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
  • May explain why enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
  • May explain why enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat

Questão 29

Questão
THE CATALYTIC EFFICIENCY OF AN ENZYME CATALYSED REACTION:
Responda
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Km
  • Can be described by the ratio: Km/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: Vmax/kcat
  • Can be described by the ratio: kcat/Vmax

Questão 30

Questão
THE UREA CYCLE:
Responda
  • Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Allows free ammonia obtained directly from deamination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell
  • Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell

Questão 31

Questão
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE IS:
Responda
  • A glycolytic intermediate
  • The precursor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  • Produced from fructose 2-phosphate
  • A second messenger

Questão 32

Questão
THE BUILD UP OF LACTIC ACID IN MUSCLES AFTER ANAEROBIC EXERCISE IS:
Responda
  • Caused by an excess of ATP in the cytoplasm
  • Due to its synthesis being coupled to ATP hydrolysis
  • Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NADH to NAD+
  • Due to pyruvate being oxidised by lactate dehydrogenase to allow recycling of NAD+ to NADH

Questão 33

Questão
THE INCREASE IN ATP LEVELS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT" CAUSES:
Responda
  • Decreased glycolytic flux by allosteric stimulation of lactate dehydrogenase
  • Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
  • Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1
  • Increased glycolytic flux by allosteric activation of phosphofructokinase-2

Questão 34

Questão
PROTEIN KINASE A IS ACTIVATED BY:
Responda
  • 5'-AMP
  • cAMP
  • ADP
  • NADH

Questão 35

Questão
THE WARBURG EFFECT IS:
Responda
  • The term used to describe the inhibition of glycolysis in anaerobic cells that occurs when oxygen is supplied
  • Caused (in some cancers) by a defect in the glycerol phosphate shuttle
  • Caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer
  • Due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by NADH

Questão 36

Questão
THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM HELPS REGULATE:
Responda
  • Body fluids
  • Blood pressure
  • Body temperature
  • Breathing

Questão 37

Questão
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ECTOTHERMS?
Responda
  • They generate most of their heat through internal processes
  • They get most of their heat from the environment
  • They generate most of their heat from external processes
  • They cannot regulate their body temperature

Questão 38

Questão
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE COMMON INTERMEDIATES ARE:
Responda
  • Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
  • Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
  • Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
  • Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules

Questão 39

Questão
THE KREBS (OR TCA) CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF PATHWAY?
Responda
  • Anabolic
  • Catabolic
  • Amphibolic
  • Hyperbolic

Questão 40

Questão
WHICH OF THESE SYSTEMS IS MOST COMMON IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS?
Responda
  • Positive feedback
  • Formative feedback
  • Negative feedback
  • Neutral feedback

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