NE7 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

There are 99 brain injuries every day in NZ, affecting more kiwis than cancer.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be an open/closed head injury, or mild TBI - a concussion.

Which of these is not a cause of TBI?

TBI effects are related to location. Match the lobe/area to the effects. [blank_start]Frontal[blank_end] - Lack of focus, irritability, language difficulty [blank_start]Parietal[blank_end] - Difficulty reading, spatial misperception [blank_start]Occipital[blank_end] - Blind spots, blurred vision [blank_start]Temporal[blank_end] - Short and long term memory issues [blank_start]Cerebellum[blank_end] - Diffculty walking, slurred speech [blank_start]Brainstem[blank_end] - changes in breath, difficulty swallowing

Primary Injury is due to a biochemical injury while secondary injury is due to mechanical injury.

Treatment principles • Decrease morbidity/mortality • Establish airway, maintain [blank_start]ventilation[blank_end]/circulation during resuscitation • Maintain balance between [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] delivery and consumption

Reducing intra cranial pressure (ICP): 1. [blank_start]Osmotic[blank_end] agents (e.g. mannitol) • Plasma [blank_start]expanding[blank_end] effects • Osmotic concentration [blank_start]gradient[blank_end] across BBB • Side effects: [blank_start]hypotension[blank_end] (diuresis), renal dysfunction 2. High dose [blank_start]barbiturates[blank_end] (medically induced coma) • Decrease regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ([blank_start]CMRO2[blank_end]) • Decrease lipid [blank_start]peroxidation[blank_end] • Alter blood vessel [blank_start]tone[blank_end] • Side effects: CV: hypotension due to [blank_start]peripheral[blank_end] vasodilation