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[blank_start](Cambridge)[blank_end] detailed/precise study to discover new information to reach new understanding

comes from the word [blank_start]recerche[blank_end] ([blank_start]french[blank_end]) meaning to travel thru/to survey

([blank_start]webster[blank_end]) - systematic patient study/investigation in fields of knowledge, to discover/establish facts/principles

([blank_start]calderon&gonzales[blank_end]) - systematic process of gathering data for the preservation of human life

[blank_start]Howard Gardner[blank_end] - best known for his theory of multiple intelligence

Uses and Purposes ([blank_start]Dela Cruz[blank_end]) 1. [blank_start]to develop[blank_end]/produce new knowledge 2. [blank_start]adresses an issue/concern[blank_end] and provides an answer

Purpose (in a capsule) - to [blank_start]discover[blank_end] - find truth which is not yet part of the stream of knowledge - to [blank_start]verify[blank_end]

Quantitative uses what, how, and does

[blank_start]Quantitative[blank_end] research - conveys numerical data - uses graphs, groups, variables, scales to present data

Qualitative Research ([blank_start]Denzin and Lincoln[blank_end]) - studies things in their [blank_start]natural setting[blank_end] (observed as it is) - attempts to [blank_start]make sense of/interpret phenomena[blank_end]

characteristics of quantitative 1. gathered using more [blank_start]structured instrument[blank_end] 2. based on [blank_start]larger sample sizes[blank_end] that are representative of the population 3. can usually be [blank_start]replicated or repeated[blank_end], give its high reliability - repeat studies to test if it still applies today - change the population tho 4. has [blank_start]clearly defined research question[blank_end] to which objective answers are sought - research titles can be changed cus it's not definite until the study is done 5. [blank_start]aspects are carefully designed[blank_end] before the data are collected 6. data are in the form of [blank_start]numbers and statistics[blank_end] 7. can be used to [blank_start]generalize[blank_end] concepts more widely, [blank_start]predict[blank_end] future results, or [blank_start]investifate[blank_end] causal relationship

[blank_start]variables[blank_end] - can take different values for different subjects

types of variables: - according to [blank_start]values[blank_end] - according to [blank_start]scale of measurement[blank_end] - according to [blank_start]relationship[blank_end]

according to values: - [blank_start]qualitative/categorical[blank_end] - [blank_start]quantitative/continuous[blank_end]

> according to scale of measurement - [blank_start]nominal[blank_end] - [blank_start]ordinal[blank_end] - [blank_start]interval[blank_end] - [blank_start]ratio[blank_end]

according to relationship - [blank_start]independent[blank_end] variable - [blank_start]dependent[blank_end] variable - [blank_start]intervening[blank_end] variable

manipulated, causes change to another variables

are the ones affected

test or control variables that either increase/decrease

qualitative has a hypotheses

the instrument in qualitative data are surveys and questionnaires

[blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] - descriptive data based on observations

[blank_start]BASIC RESEARCH[blank_end] - Desire to expand knowledge - Curiosity Driven - Intend to answer why, what, how questions - Increase understanding of fundamental principles - Does not have immediate commercial objectives - It may not necessarily result in an invention or a solution to a particular problem

[blank_start]APPLIED RESEARCH[blank_end] - New knowledge acquired has specific commercial objectives: products, procedures or services. - Answer specific questions aimed at problem solving practical problems