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ASTR Review for Final #1 (All 5 Quizzes)

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Quiz sobre ASTR Review for Final #1 (All 5 Quizzes), criado por Taylor Campbell em 24-04-2015.
Taylor Campbell
Quiz por Taylor Campbell, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Taylor Campbell
Criado por Taylor Campbell mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Which kind of light travels fastest in a vacuum?
Responda
  • X-Rays.
  • Gamma Rays.
  • Radio waves.
  • Infrared.
  • They all travel at the same speed.

Questão 2

Questão
What kind of light has wavelengths between those of ultraviolet light and those of gamma waves?
Responda
  • Infrared.
  • Microwaves.
  • Radio waves.
  • X-rays.
  • Visible light.

Questão 3

Questão
How long does it take light from the Sun to reach us?
Responda
  • 63,2000 years.
  • 4.3 years.
  • 8.3 minutes.
  • 8.3 seconds.
  • 4.3 seconds.

Questão 4

Questão
The mass of a positron is the same as that of:
Responda
  • a neutron.
  • an electron.
  • a proton.
  • a neutrino.
  • a photon.

Questão 5

Questão
In the second step of the proton-proton chain sequence of nuclear reactions occuring in the core of the Sun, a 2H nucleus and a 1H nucleus react. What is produced?
Responda
  • A 3^H nucleus.
  • A 3^He nucleus.
  • Three 1^H nuclei.
  • A 3^Li nucleus.
  • Only energy; they annilihate each other.

Questão 6

Questão
Which of the following processes in an atom is called 'excitation'?
Responda
  • when an atom loses an electron.
  • when an atom fuses with another atom.
  • when the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more parts.
  • when an atom gains a neutron.
  • when an electron in an atom gains energy and jumps to a higher energy level.

Questão 7

Questão
32 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to:
Responda
  • 0 degrees Kelvin.
  • -273 degrees Kelvin.
  • -273 degrees Celsius.
  • 273 degrees Celsius.
  • 273 degrees Kelvin.

Questão 8

Questão
In equation form, the inverse square law of light states:
Responda
  • luminosity is proportional to T^4.
  • brightness is proportional to 1/D^2.
  • lambda(max) is proportional to 1/T.
  • parallax is proportional to 1/D.
  • luminosity is proportional to radius^2.

Questão 9

Questão
Which portion of the Sun covers the largest total volume, in kilometers^3?
Responda
  • the corona.
  • the convective zone.
  • the radiative zone.
  • the chromosphere.
  • the photosphere.

Questão 10

Questão
As the frequency of light increases:
Responda
  • the wavelength increases and the energy decreases.
  • the wavelength decreases and the energy decreases.
  • the wavelength increases and the energy increases.
  • the wavelength decreases and the energy increases.
  • the wavelength increases and the energy remains the same.

Questão 11

Questão
When viewed carefully in visible light through a solar telescope, the Sun appears `speckled', with small (about 1000 km wide) variations in brightness covering the whole photosphere. These 'speckles' are the tops of convective cells. These features are called:
Responda
  • Granules.
  • Cosmological spots.
  • Isotopes.
  • Wien's spots.
  • Sunspots.

Questão 12

Questão
The peak of the spectrum of the photosphere of Betelgeuse lies in the:
Responda
  • ultraviolet.
  • infrared.
  • visible.
  • X-ray.
  • radio.

Questão 13

Questão
What is a watt?
Responda
  • A unit of distance.
  • A unit of energy.
  • A unit of energy/time.
  • A unit of angle.
  • A sub-atomic particle.

Questão 14

Questão
How are the distances to the nearest stars determined?
Responda
  • From their Doppler shift.
  • From their parallax.
  • From Wien's Law.
  • By detecting neutrinos from them.
  • Using Convection.

Questão 15

Questão
A hot solid (like a burner on a stove) produces:
Responda
  • a continuous spectrum.
  • an emission line spectrum.
  • an absorption line spectrum.
  • light at a single wavelength.
  • light at only a few specific wavelengths.

Questão 16

Questão
Deuterium is:
Responda
  • Anti-matter.
  • Hydrogen.
  • Helium.
  • Positrons.
  • Particles of light.

Questão 17

Questão
A parsec is:
Responda
  • 1/3600 of a degree.
  • 3.26 light years.
  • 8.3 light minutes.
  • The distance from the Earth to the Sun.
  • The distance from the Earth to the Moon.

Questão 18

Questão
The strong force is:
Responda
  • the force that keeps electrons bound to their atoms.
  • another name for the gravitational force.
  • the force that is involved whenever an atom is ionized.
  • the force that keeps the nuclei of atoms together.
  • the force that keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun.

Questão 19

Questão
Kinetic energy is:
Responda
  • energy carried by light.
  • energy produced when an electron and a positron collide.
  • energy of motion.
  • energy stored for future use.
  • all of the above.

Questão 20

Questão
Why does it take so long for the energy produced in the core of the Sun to make its way out of the Sun?
Responda
  • The convective cells in the convective layer move very slowly, transporting the energy very slowly.
  • The speed of light is very low in the interior of the Sun because of the strong gravity.
  • Photons do not travel very far without being absorbed, and when they are re-emitted, it is in a random direction.
  • Millions of small black holes throughout the Sun trap the energy.
  • The nuclear reactions in the core produce mostly radio waves, which travel very slowly.

Questão 21

Questão
A tenth magnitude star is:
Responda
  • 2.5 times fainter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • 2.5 times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • ten times fainter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • ten times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • 100 times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.

Questão 22

Questão
Luminosity Class III stars are classified as:
Responda
  • Supergiant stars.
  • White dwarf stars.
  • Main sequence stars.
  • Giant stars.
  • Either giant or supergiant, depending upon the spectral class.

Questão 23

Questão
Which of the following spectral types of stars has the hottest photospheric temperature?
Responda
  • A.
  • B.
  • F.
  • K.
  • O.

Questão 24

Questão
Which of the following spectral types of stars has the strongest lines from ionized helium?
Responda
  • A.
  • K.
  • G.
  • M.
  • O.

Questão 25

Questão
What is Henry Norris Russell known for?
Responda
  • Pioneering the use of plots of luminosity vs. temperature for stars.
  • Re-organizing the spectral sequence ABCDEF... to the sequence used today.
  • Determining that the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass.
  • Determining that the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance apart.
  • Determining that stars are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium.

Questão 26

Questão
Spectral type A stars:
Responda
  • have very strong spectral lines of Titanium Oxide (TiO).
  • have very low B-V values (-0.3), compared to most stars.
  • have stronger hydrogen lines than all other types of stars.
  • have stronger lines of ionized helium than all other types of stars.
  • have surface temperatures of about 30,000K.

Questão 27

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a main sequence star?
Responda
  • A M2V star.
  • A M5I star.
  • A B2V star.
  • The Sun.
  • A star fusing hydrogen to helium in its core.

Questão 28

Questão
If a star is too far away to get its distance via stellar parallax, what is another method that can sometimes be used?
Responda
  • Measure its proper motion.
  • Measure its Doppler shift.
  • Spectroscopic parallax.
  • Use Wien's Law.
  • Search for sunspots on the star.

Questão 29

Questão
Solar maximum occurs approximately every:
Responda
  • 5 minutes.
  • 25 hours.
  • 11 years.
  • 250 years.
  • 25,000 years.

Questão 30

Questão
The magnetic polarity of the Sun switches approximately every:
Responda
  • 5-10 minutes.
  • 1 - 100 days.
  • 6 months.
  • 11 years.
  • 26,000 years.

Questão 31

Questão
Newton's Second Law, in mathematical form, states:
Responda
  • F = MA.
  • lambda(max) is proportional to 1/T.
  • the angular size is inversely proportional to the distance.
  • Fv1 = Fv2.
  • p is proportional to 1/D

Questão 32

Questão
When the Moon moves directly in front of the Sun, but the Moon's angular size is too small to completely block the photosphere of the Sun, the eclipse that is produced is called:
Responda
  • A lunar eclipse.
  • A coronal eclipse.
  • A spicular eclipse.
  • A magnetodynamical eclipse.
  • An annular eclipse.

Questão 33

Questão
The Earth is 81 times more massive than the Moon. How does the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon compare with the gravitational force on the Moon due to the Earth?
Responda
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 81 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 812 = 6561 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is square root of 81 = 9 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 81 times larger.
  • the two forces are the same.

Questão 34

Questão
An astronaut on the International Space Station orbiting Earth:
Responda
  • has a mass of 0 kg.
  • has a constant velocity.
  • is not accelerating.
  • is constantly accelerating.
  • has a mass equal to 1/6th of his/her mass on Earth.

Questão 35

Questão
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation can be written mathematically as:
Responda
  • F = GMv1Mv2/R^2
  • F = GMv1/Mv2R^2
  • F = GMv1Mv2/R
  • F = GMv1Mv2R^2
  • F = Mv1Mv2/GR^2

Questão 36

Questão
Gas in which component of the Sun has a typical temperature of about a million degrees Kelvin?
Responda
  • The core.
  • The photosphere.
  • Sunspots.
  • The chromosphere.
  • The corona.

Questão 37

Questão
How long does an individual sunspot last?
Responda
  • 5 - 10 minutes.
  • 1 - 100 days.
  • 11 years.
  • 22 years.
  • more than four hundred years. We still see the same sunspots that Galileo saw.

Questão 38

Questão
Which of the following stars has the highest B - V?
Responda
  • A main sequence O star.
  • A white dwarf.
  • The Sun.
  • An A2V star.
  • Betelgeuse.

Questão 39

Questão
Which type of star has temperatures between M stars and G stars?
Responda
  • F.
  • A.
  • B.
  • O.
  • K.

Questão 40

Questão
Which type of star has the largest radius?
Responda
  • G2V.
  • M2I.
  • M2III.
  • M2V.
  • K2V.

Questão 41

Questão
A white dwarf is:
Responda
  • the burnt-out core of a star like the Sun, after the outer layers of the star have blown off and dispersed into interstellar space.
  • a main sequence M star.
  • an object with a mass between 0.08 and 0.013 solar masses, that never became a star.
  • an extrasolar planet.
  • another name for a brown dwarf.

Questão 42

Questão
The Pleiades open cluster contains many B stars. Blue glowing nebulae surround the stars in this cluster. These are called:
Responda
  • HII Regions.
  • Reflection Nebulae.
  • Supernova Remnants.
  • Planetary Nebulae.
  • Protostars.

Questão 43

Questão
The Pisgah Radio Telescope detects a strong 21 cm emission line from interstellar gas clouds. What produces this line?
Responda
  • Atomic hydrogen gas.
  • Molecular hydrogen.
  • Carbon monoxide.
  • interstellar dust.
  • Ionized helium.

Questão 44

Questão
Planetary nebulae are a type of interstellar cloud. What type?
Responda
  • Molecular clouds.
  • Ionized clouds.
  • Atomic hydrogen clouds.
  • The remnants of the explosions of supernovae.
  • Dark clouds.

Questão 45

Questão
The light curve of a star is a plot of what property of the star vs. time?
Responda
  • proper motion vs. time.
  • position vs. time.
  • velocity vs. time.
  • brightness vs. time.
  • angular size vs. time.

Questão 46

Questão
The thermal spectrum (blackbody spectrum) of an interstellar dust grain peaks:
Responda
  • in the ultraviolet.
  • in the far-infrared.
  • in the middle of the visible range.
  • in the X-ray.
  • at 21 cm.

Questão 47

Questão
The strong red emission line from hydrogen called the H-alpha line is strongest from what kind of interstellar clouds?
Responda
  • molecular clouds.
  • HI clouds.
  • HII regions.
  • dark clouds.
  • reflection nebulae.

Questão 48

Questão
When two stars in a binary system are both clearly seen from Earth as individual stars, and their orbital motion can be measured to confirm that they are gravitationally bound together, the pair is called a/an:
Responda
  • Astrometric binary.
  • Visual binary.
  • Spectroscopic binary.
  • Optical double.
  • Eclipsing binary.

Questão 49

Questão
What happens to the observed color of a star when it is behind an interstellar cloud?
Responda
  • It appears bluer than it really is.
  • It appears redder than it really is.
  • Its color does not change; it gets dimmer the same amount at all wavelengths.
  • The optical color doesn't change, but all of the IR light from the star is absorbed by the cloud.
  • The red and blue light gets dimmed similar amounts, while the yellow light is not affected by the cloud.

Questão 50

Questão
Which of the following kinds of interstellar clouds are the hottest?
Responda
  • HII regions.
  • Molecular clouds.
  • Atomic clouds.
  • Reflection nebulae.
  • Dark clouds.

Questão 51

Questão
Which type of main sequence star has the lowest mass?
Responda
  • A stars.
  • B stars.
  • F stars.
  • G stars.
  • M stars.

Questão 52

Questão
In class, we did a demonstration in which a person sat on a stool and spun around. When he pulled in his arms, he spun faster. The reason this happens is because of:
Responda
  • mass conservation.
  • energy conservation.
  • linear momentum conservation.
  • angular momentum conservation.
  • the center of mass relation.

Questão 53

Questão
What is the best type of telescope to use if you want to discover previously-unknown protostars?
Responda
  • X-ray.
  • Ultraviolet.
  • Visible light.
  • Infrared.
  • Gamma ray.

Questão 54

Questão
The star Algol in Perseus (`The Ghoul' or `The Demon Star') was well-known to ancient astronomers, because of its peculiar nature. What unusual observational effect did ancient astronomers notice about this star?
Responda
  • its large proper motion.
  • its large parallax.
  • a regular back-and-forth motion on the sky, indicating a companion.
  • every few days, it gets much brighter for a short period.
  • every few days, it gets much dimmer for a short period.

Questão 55

Questão
What is the difference between a planet like Jupiter and a brown dwarf?
Responda
  • there is no difference: Jupiter is an example of a brown dwarf.
  • a brown dwarf is the burned-out core of a star that has run out of nuclear fuel.
  • a brown dwarf is a low luminosity main sequence star.
  • a brown dwarf may have 1H fusion going on in its core; Jupiter does not.
  • a brown dwarf may have 2H fusion going on in its core; Jupiter does not.

Questão 56

Questão
The dark cloud shaped like a horse's head, that is known as the Horsehead Nebula, is:
Responda
  • A reflection nebula.
  • An HI cloud.
  • A molecular cloud.
  • An HII region.
  • An ionized gas cloud.

Questão 57

Questão
Compared to an unobscured GV star, a GV star that lies behind an interstellar cloud will appear:
Responda
  • more redshifted.
  • bluer.
  • redder.
  • hotter.
  • more luminous.

Questão 58

Questão
What luminosity class stars approximately obey the mass-luminosity relation described by the formula luminosity is proportional to mass to the fourth power?
Responda
  • I.
  • II.
  • III.
  • IV.
  • V.

Questão 59

Questão
Millimeter (microwave) telescopes detect the 2.6 millimeter emission lines from dense interstellar gas clouds. What produces this line?
Responda
  • Atomic hydrogen gas.
  • Molecular hydrogen.
  • Carbon monoxide.
  • interstellar dust.
  • Ionized helium.

Questão 60

Questão
When an interstellar cloud gravitationally collapses to form a protostar, what happens to the temperature of the gas in the core of the cloud?
Responda
  • it remains constant until nuclear fusion starts, then it increases.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core decreases as the cloud collapses until nuclear fusion starts, then it increases.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core increases as the cloud collapses, even before nuclear fusion starts, then it increases further.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core decreases as the cloud collapses until nuclear fusion starts, then it decreases further as fusion cools the core down.
  • no protostars have ever been found, so scientists have no idea what happens.

Questão 61

Questão
In high mass main sequence stars, hydrogen is fusing to helium in the core. What is name of the main set of reactions by which this process occurs?
Responda
  • The proton-proton chain.
  • The CNO cycle.
  • The triple alpha process.
  • The brown dwarf process.
  • The asymptotic giant branch process.

Questão 62

Questão
If a white dwarf in a mass transfer binary system exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit, it becomes:
Responda
  • A nova.
  • A Type I supernova (a carbon-detonation supernova).
  • A Type II supernova (a core-collapse supernova).
  • A planetary nebula.
  • A black hole.

Questão 63

Questão
Who discovered the first pulsar?
Responda
  • Annie Jump Cannon.
  • Henry Norris Russell.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin.
  • Ejnar Hertzsprung.

Questão 64

Questão
Three solar masses is:
Responda
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a neutron star.
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a white dwarf.
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a brown dwarf.
  • The approximate mass of a main sequence M star.
  • The approximate mass of a main sequence O star.

Questão 65

Questão
Which of the following objects is closest in diameter to the Earth?
Responda
  • A main sequence M star.
  • A main sequence O star.
  • A neutron star.
  • A white dwarf.
  • Betelgeuse.

Questão 66

Questão
The very regular `pulses' of radio light we see from some neutron stars are due to:
Responda
  • the star pulsating in size.
  • a companion dumping gas onto the neutron star, causing flare-ups of nuclear reactions.
  • a companion periodically eclipsing the neutron star.
  • as the pulsar spins, a beam of light from the magnetic poles of the neutron star sweeps across the Earth.
  • an extragalactic civilization.

Questão 67

Questão
When a 1 solar mass star leaves the main sequence and moves up the red giant branch of the H-R diagram for the first time, what is occuring in the interior of the star?
Responda
  • no nuclear reactions are occuring anywhere in its interior.
  • hydrogen fusion in the core.
  • helium fusion in the core.
  • carbon fusion in the core.
  • no reactions in the core; hydrogen fusion in a shell surrounding the core.

Questão 68

Questão
Why doesn't a white dwarf contract under the force of its own gravity?
Responda
  • Because carbon fusion is occuring in its core.
  • Because the CNO process is occuring in its core.
  • Because the triple alpha process is occuring in its core.
  • it is held up against gravity by electron degeneracy pressure.
  • it is held up against gravity by neutron degeneracy pressure.

Questão 69

Questão
Which of the following statements is true about the lifetimes of main sequence stars?
Responda
  • Lower luminosity main sequence stars live longer than higher luminosity main sequence stars.
  • Main sequence A stars live longer than main sequence K stars.
  • Hot main sequence stars live longer than cool main sequence stars.
  • The greater the mass of a star, the longer its main sequence lifetime.
  • All main sequence A stars ever formed are still main sequence A stars.

Questão 70

Questão
Approximately how many years from now will the Sun runs out of hydrogen in its core?
Responda
  • 1 million years.
  • 5 million years.
  • 5 billion years.
  • 5 trillion years.
  • five hundred trillion years.

Questão 71

Questão
A particular star cluster is observed to have a full main sequence, extending from MV stars to OV stars. Approximately how old is this cluster?
Responda
  • Less than a few million years old.
  • 100 million years old.
  • 1 billion years old.
  • 10 billion years old.
  • 1 trillion years old.

Questão 72

Questão
Iron is produced:
Responda
  • In the core of main sequence stars.
  • In the cores of red giant stars.
  • In white dwarf stars.
  • In the last stages of life of a 1 solar mass star.
  • In the cores of massive stars, just before a supernova.

Questão 73

Questão
What is the heaviest chemical element that will ever be created in large amounts in the core of the Sun?
Responda
  • Iron.
  • Uranium.
  • Silicon.
  • Titanium.
  • Carbon.

Questão 74

Questão
From lowest mass to highest mass, what is the correct order of the following objects or types of objects?
Responda
  • Neutron stars, brown dwarfs, MV stars, the Sun.
  • Brown dwarfs, MV stars, the Sun, Neutron stars.
  • Brown dwarfs, neutron stars, MV stars, the Sun.
  • The Sun, brown dwarfs, neutron stars, MV stars.
  • Brown dwarfs, the Sun, neutron stars, MV stars.

Questão 75

Questão
The triple alpha process is:
Responda
  • Another name for the proton-proton chain.
  • The process that produces uranium and other high mass elements.
  • When three helium-4 nuclei fuse to form carbon.
  • The formation of neutrons out of protons and electrons.
  • When three stars combine to form a more massive star.

Questão 76

Questão
Synchrotron radiation is produced by:
Responda
  • a hot sold object, like the filament in a light bulb.
  • electrons in atoms jumping from lower energy levels to higher energy levels.
  • electrons in atoms jumping from higher energy levels to lower energy levels.
  • only supernova.
  • accelerated charged particles.

Questão 77

Questão
Which of the following chemical elements is only produced during a supernova explosion?
Responda
  • Plutonium.
  • Silicon.
  • Iron.
  • Magnesium.
  • Oxygen.

Questão 78

Questão
Which of the following stars will likely eventually explode as a supernova?
Responda
  • The Sun.
  • The MV star Proxima Cen.
  • Betelgeuse.
  • A 0.5 solar mass AGB star.
  • All of the above.

Questão 79

Questão
Over the course of its lifetime, the Sun will go through all of the following stages except one. Which is the exception?
Responda
  • white dwarf.
  • AGB star.
  • neutron star.
  • horizontal branch star.
  • red giant.

Questão 80

Questão
Approximately how frequently does a supernova occur in the Milky Way Galaxy?
Responda
  • once every million years.
  • once every 200 years.
  • once per year.
  • about 100 supernova occur in the Milky Way per year.
  • about a million supernova occur in the Milky Way per year.

Questão 81

Questão
On the Hubble Tuning Fork diagram, galaxies that sit between the ellipticals and the spiral galaxies are called:
Responda
  • Irregular galaxies.
  • S0 galaxies.
  • Sc galaxies.
  • Sb galaxies.
  • SBd galaxies.

Questão 82

Questão
Most of the following types of objects are mainly found in the disk of the Milky Way. Which of the following is the exception, also being seen regularly in the bulge and halo?
Responda
  • open clusters.
  • HII regions.
  • SN Type II.
  • O and B main sequence stars.
  • planetary nebulae.

Questão 83

Questão
What is the mass of a photon of light?
Responda
  • 1/2000th the mass of a proton.
  • 1/2000th the mass of an electron.
  • It depends upon the wavelength: the longer the wavelength, the larger the mass.
  • It depends upon the wavelength: the longer the wavelength, the smaller the mass.
  • Zero.

Questão 84

Questão
The Schwarzchild Radius is defined as:
Responda
  • The radius of the stellar disk of the Milky Way.
  • The point between two stars in a binary star system such that the gravitational force from the two stars is equal.
  • The maximum possible radius of a white dwarf.
  • The maximum possible radius of a neutron star.
  • The radius of the event horizon of a black hole.

Questão 85

Questão
What is the main difference between E0 and E7 galaxies?
Responda
  • E0 galaxies are much larger, in physical diameter.
  • E7 galaxies are flatter in appearance, while E0 galaxies are round.
  • E7 galaxies have spiral arms; E0 galaxies do not.
  • E0 galaxies have bars in the center; E7 galaxies do not.
  • E0 galaxies have tightly wrapped spiral arms; E7 galaxies have loosely wrapped spiral arms.

Questão 86

Questão
An SBc galaxy:
Responda
  • has a large bulge and tightly wrapped spiral arms.
  • has a large bulge and loosely wrapped spiral arms.
  • has a large bulge and a bar.
  • has a small bulge and a bar.
  • is a spheroidal ball of stars which is approximately round in appearance on the sky.

Questão 87

Questão
Who was the first person to classify spiral and elliptical galaxies into sub-types according to their appearance?
Responda
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • William Herschel.
  • Robert Trumpler.

Questão 88

Questão
Who was the first person to conclude that the Sun is NOT in the center of the Milky Way?
Responda
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • William Herschel.
  • Robert Trumpler.

Questão 89

Questão
Henrietta Leavitt discovered:
Responda
  • Diffuse interstellar dust in the Milky Way.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation.
  • Cepheid Variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • The first pulsar.

Questão 90

Questão
On the H-R Diagram, Cepheid Variables sit:
Responda
  • On the bottom of the Main Sequence.
  • On the top of the Main Sequence.
  • Below and to the left of the Main Sequence.
  • On the far right: they are M stars.
  • Near the middle of the diagram, above the Main Sequence.

Questão 91

Questão
In the Milky Way, most of the interstellar gas is:
Responda
  • In the spiral arms.
  • In the bulge.
  • In the halo.
  • In the disk.
  • Evenly spread between the bulge, the disk, and the halo.

Questão 92

Questão
What object lies in the center of the Milky Way galaxy?
Responda
  • Cygnus X-1.
  • delta Cephei.
  • The Sun.
  • Sirius.
  • Sagittarius A*.

Questão 93

Questão
The first conclusive evidence that light is affected by gravity was obtained:
Responda
  • About three years ago, at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland.
  • In 1919, during a total solar eclipse.
  • In the 1960's, with a radio telescope.
  • About 10 years ago, with the Hubble Telescope.
  • No evidence has been found yet; it has just been theorized.

Questão 94

Questão
In the Milky Way, open clusters are found:
Responda
  • Mainly in the disk.
  • Mainly in the bulge.
  • Mainly in the halo.
  • Evenly spread in the disk, bulge, and halo.
  • In both the bulge and halo, but usually not the disk.

Questão 95

Questão
William Herschel:
Responda
  • Discovered Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • Discovered the Period-Luminosity relation for Cepheid variable stars.
  • Made the first 3-dimensional map of the Milky Way.
  • Classified galaxies according to the bulge/disk ratio and the tightness of wrapping of the spiral arms.
  • Was the first person to conclude that the Sun is not in the center of the Milky Way.

Questão 96

Questão
By tradition, plots of the circular orbital velocities of stars and gas in the disks of spiral galaxies vs. the distance from the center are called:
Responda
  • Spin diagrams.
  • Hubble diagrams.
  • Rotation curves.
  • Light curves.
  • Tidal diagrams.

Questão 97

Questão
RR Lyrae stars are:
Responda
  • Brown dwarfs.
  • White dwarfs.
  • Variable stars.
  • Eclipsing binary stars.
  • Protostars.

Questão 98

Questão
What did Friedrich Bessel detect for the first time in 1838?
Responda
  • Brown dwarfs.
  • Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • An eclipsing binary star.
  • A pulsar.
  • Stellar parallax.

Questão 99

Questão
Cygnus X-1 is most likely:
Responda
  • An eclipsing binary star.
  • A Cepheid variable star.
  • A neutron star.
  • A black hole.
  • An RR Lyrae star.

Questão 100

Questão
A black hole with the same mass as Jupiter has an event horizon with a radius of about 3 meters. The Sun has a mass about 1000 times that of Jupiter. Therefore, the radius of the event horizon of a 1 solar mass black hole is:
Responda
  • 3 kilometers.
  • 3 centimeters.
  • 3^3 = 27 meters.
  • 3 million meters = 3000 kilometers.
  • 1/3 meter.

Questão 101

Questão
What is the second-to-top step on the Cosmological Distance Ladder?
Responda
  • Hubble's Law.
  • Supernovae Type I.
  • Cepheid Variables.
  • Spectroscopic Parallax.
  • Stellar Parallax.

Questão 102

Questão
The Local Group is in the center of:
Responda
  • The Coma Cluster.
  • The Great Wall.
  • The Virgo Cluster.
  • The Local Supercluster.
  • None of the above.

Questão 103

Questão
The Magellanic Clouds are in the:
Responda
  • Virgo Cluster.
  • The Great Wall.
  • The Coma Cluster.
  • The Local Group.
  • The Milky Way.

Questão 104

Questão
Double-Lobed Radio Galaxies are mostly:
Responda
  • Giant Elliptical galaxies.
  • Spiral galaxies.
  • Barred spiral galaxies.
  • Both barred and unbarred spiral galaxies.
  • Irregular galaxies.

Questão 105

Questão
Quasars are:
Responda
  • Only found in the Milky Way.
  • Only found in the Local Group.
  • Only found in the Local Supercluster.
  • Similar in luminosity to Sagittarius A*.
  • Less frequent in the present than in the past.

Questão 106

Questão
The Sun was first detected in the radio by:
Responda
  • Karl Jansky.
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Allan Sandage.
  • Radar operators in World War II.

Questão 107

Questão
Hubble's constant is approximately 75 (km/s)/Mpc. If a galaxy is moving away from us at a speed of 7500 km/s, what is its approximate distance?
Responda
  • 7500 X 75 = 562,500 Mpc.
  • 75/7500 = 0.01 Mpc.
  • 7500 / 75 = 100 Mpc.
  • 7500 X 75 X 75 = 42,188,000 Mpc
  • 7500 / 752 = 1.33 Mpc.

Questão 108

Questão
Hubble's Law is a useful way to determine astronomical distances, but only for some objects. For which of these objects would it work to get an approximate distance?
Responda
  • A globular cluster in the halo of the Milky Way.
  • The stars in the belt of Orion.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The Andromeda Galaxy.
  • The Great Wall.

Questão 109

Questão
The emission lines seen in the optical spectra of quasars were initially unidentified. Who first identified these lines, and showed that they are just lines of ordinary elements, but very redshifted?
Responda
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Maarten Schmidt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Allan Sandage.

Questão 110

Questão
The Cartwheel galaxy is:
Responda
  • a giant elliptical galaxy in the center of the Coma cluster.
  • a spiral galaxy very similar to the Milky Way.
  • a dwarf irregular galaxy in orbit around the Milky Way.
  • a ring galaxy.
  • a dwarf elliptical galaxy in the Local Group.

Questão 111

Questão
A Universe that will collapse back upon itself in a `Big Crunch' is called a/an:
Responda
  • Flat Universe.
  • Closed Universe.
  • Open Universe.
  • Infinite Universe.
  • Universe with a density equal to the the critical density.

Questão 112

Questão
The Cosmological Constant was initially introduced into the equations governing the evolution of the Universe by:
Responda
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Albert Einstein.
  • Allan Sandage.

Questão 113

Questão
Which of the following objects is the most luminous?
Responda
  • A quasar.
  • A Cepheid variable star.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The nucleus of a Seyfert galaxy.
  • A pulsar.

Questão 114

Questão
The Zone of Avoidance is:
Responda
  • A large spherical 'void' containing very few galaxies, as seen in 'slice of the Universe' plots.
  • The large volume of nearby space which does not contain any quasars.
  • The plane of the Milky Way, whose dust blocks light from distant galaxies.
  • All parts of the Universe outside of the Local Supercluster.
  • Parts of the Universe too far away for us to see, since light has not had time yet to reach us.

Questão 115

Questão
Observations of Supernovae Type I in very distant galaxies provided the first evidence for:
Responda
  • Dark Energy.
  • Dark Matter.
  • A closed Universe.
  • The theory that the Universe will end in a `Big Crunch'.
  • The Great Wall.

Questão 116

Questão
16. The diagram to the right is a plot of time (on the x axis) vs. the distance between any two galaxies in the Universe (on the y axis) for three different Universes: Universe A, Universe B, and Universe C. Which of the three Universes in the above diagram has the highest density of matter?
Image:
f0cbd076-fd0d-4c13-b472-c4a68cc3a18c.gif (image/gif)
Responda
  • Universe A.
  • Universe B.
  • Universe C.
  • Universe A and B are the same.
  • All three Universes are the same.

Questão 117

Questão
What is the top step on the Cosmological Distance Ladder?
Responda
  • Hubble's Law.
  • Supernovae Type I.
  • Cepheid Variables.
  • Spectroscopic Parallax.
  • Stellar Parallax.

Questão 118

Questão
The difference between a double-lobed radio galaxy and a core-halo radio galaxy is:
Responda
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are ellipticals; core-halo radio galaxies are spirals.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are spirals; core-halo radio galaxies are ellipticals.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are much more luminous than core-halo radio galaxies.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are much less luminous than core-halo radio galaxies.
  • The difference is just due to our viewing location; physically, they are the same kind of objects.

Questão 119

Questão
The Great Wall is:
Responda
  • Another name for the Local Supercluster.
  • A large 'wall' of galaxies centered on the Local Group.
  • A large `wall' of galaxies about 100 Mpc away, containing the Coma cluster.
  • The part of the Universe hidden in visible light by the dust in the plane of the Milky Way.
  • The group of galaxies we live in.

Questão 120

Questão
What kind of galaxies are NOT found in the Local Group, but ARE seen in the Virgo Cluster?
Responda
  • dwarf ellipticals.
  • giant ellipticals.
  • spiral galaxies.
  • irregular galaxies.
  • all of the above are seen in both the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster.

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