2634575
Descrição
Quiz por Ariana Betts, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Ariana Betts
mais de 9 anos atrás
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|
Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following is a major function of macrophages?
Responda
-
attacking cancerous cells
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secreting antibodies
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attacking cells infected by a virus
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engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
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secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following is a major function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
Responda
-
engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
-
secreting antibodies
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secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes
-
attacking cancerous cells
-
attacking cells infected by a virus
Questão 3
Questão
Which of the following is a major function of B lymphocytes?
Responda
-
attacking cancerous cells
-
secreting cytokines to simulate the proliferation of other lymphocytes
-
secreting antibodies
-
attacking cells infected by a virus
-
engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
Questão 4
Questão
Antibiotics (such as penicillin) are produced naturally by
Responda
-
certain fungi and bacteria
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macrophages
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B lymphocytes
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viruses
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T lymphocytes
Questão 5
Questão
An antibiotic (such as penicillin) works by
Responda
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destroying all antigens present in the body
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killing viruses only
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killing both bacteria and viruses
-
killing bacteria only
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neutralizing bacterial toxins
Questão 6
Questão
The main function of an antibody is to
Responda
-
initiate the destruction of bacteria
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stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes
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destroy cells infected by a virus
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destroy cancerous cells
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engulf bacteria by phagocytosis
Questão 7
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Responda
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bacteria are not affected by antibiotics
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bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells
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all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful
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bacteria are harmful to the environment
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bacteria cause disease by secreting toxins
Questão 8
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Responda
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bacteria are not affected by antibiotics
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there are many beneficial bacteria that live within the human body
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bacteria are harmful to the environment
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bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells
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all bacteria that enter the human body are harmful
Questão 9
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?
Responda
-
Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics.
-
Bacteria cause disease by reproducing inside of the body's cells.
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All bacteria that enter the body are harmful.
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Bacteria play an essential role in nature's chemical recycling.
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Most bacteria are harmful to the environment.
Questão 10
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Responda
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They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.
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They enable some bacteria to become pathogens.
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They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
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They are short, straight segments of DNA.
Questão 11
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Responda
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They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
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They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.
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They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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They enable some bacteria to resist antibiotics.
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They are short, straight segments of DNA.
Questão 12
Questão
Which of the following is a true statement about plasmids?
Responda
-
They enable some bacteria to utilize rare nutrients.
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They prevent bacteria from mating with one another.
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They are found in bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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They are short, straight segments of DNA.
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They contain more genes than the bacterial chromosome.
Questão 13
Questão
Mad cow disease is caused by
Responda
-
a virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
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a virus that infects neurons.
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a prion that infects brain tissue.
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a bacteria that weakens the immune system.
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a bacteria that infects brain tissue.
Questão 14
Questão
AIDS is a disease that is caused by
Responda
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a prion that destroys lymphocytes.
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a virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
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a viroid.
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a virus that infects B lymphocytes.
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a bacteria that kills macrophages.
Questão 15
Questão
A viroid is a
Responda
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piece of RNA that infects plant cells.
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virus that infects helper T lymphocytes.
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virus that infects bacteria.
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type of bacteria that lives in the intestine.
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protein that infects brain tissue.
Questão 16
Questão
Which of the following are found in a virus?
Responda
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nucleic acids
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all of these
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enzymes
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attachment structures such as spikes
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capsid coat
Questão 17
Questão
Viruses are not true cells because
Responda
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They lack nucleic acids.
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They cannot reproduce unless inside of a host cell.
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They are slightly smaller than prokaryotic cells.
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They consist of one small piece of protein.
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They cause human disease.
Questão 18
Questão
Which of the following happens when a RNAcontaining
virus infects a cell?
Responda
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The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.
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The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.
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The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral DNA.
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The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.
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The virus provides ATP for the cell.
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following happens when a DNAcontaining
virus infects a cell?
Responda
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The virus may cause Mad Cow disease.
-
The host cell uses the viral enzyme "reverse transcriptase" to make a copy of viral DNA.
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The virus provides ATP for the cell.
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The virus becomes a symbiont of the cell.
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The host cell transcribes the viral DNA and produces new viral components.
Questão 20
Questão
Which of the following best describes the enzyme "reverse transcriptase"?
Responda
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It is an enzyme that RNA-viruses use to make the host cell copy DNA from viral RNA.
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It is a human enzyme used in metabolism.
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It is a bacterial enzyme used in transcription of bacterial DNA.
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It is an enzyme that DNA viruses use to make the host cell copy RNA from viral DNA.
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It is an enzyme that host cells use to destroy viruses.
Questão 21
Questão
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in nature?
Responda
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They are used by fungi to kill bacteria.
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They have no purpose in nature.
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They are used by bacteria to prevent infection by viruses.
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They are used by viruses to infect bacteria.
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They are part of the human immune system.
Questão 22
Questão
How do biologists use restriction enzymes?
Responda
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to cut DNA into thousands of 4nucleotide fragments
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to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences to produce DNA fragments
-
none of these
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to restrict the replication of DNA within cells
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to cut RNA into several large fragments
Questão 23
Questão
What is the source of restriction enzymes?
Responda
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They are manufactured in the laboratory.
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They are obtained from fungi.
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They are obtained from the human blood stream.
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They are obtained from bacteria.
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They are obtained from viruses.
Questão 24
Questão
One reason for using restriction enzyme technology is
Responda
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to treat human disease
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to identify the location of specific genes
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to predict the function of specific genes
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to begin the process of DNA fingerprinting
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to identify the number of proteins in a cell
Questão 25
Questão
In the RFLP method of DNA fingerprinting, how are DNA fragments separated?
Responda
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by paper chromatography
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by centrifugation
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by gel electrophoresis
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by treatment with several different enzymes
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none of these
Questão 26
Questão
In a DNA fingerprint using the RFLP method, what forms the bands of the "fingerprint"?
Responda
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Each band is a single DNA fragment of a different length.
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Each band is a group of DNA fragments of a different size.
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none of these
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Each band is DNA from a different cell type.
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Each band is a RNA fragment with a different nucleotide sequence.
Questão 27
Questão
Microarrays are used to
Responda
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determine which genes have been expressed by a given cell type
-
determine the nucleotide sequence of genes
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none of these
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determine whether mRNAs from a cell have been translated
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determine which genes are present in the DNA of an organism
Questão 28
Questão
A cDNA probe is made by
Responda
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none of these
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using reverse transcriptase to copy mRNAs from the cytoplasm of cells
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using reverse transcriptase to copy DNA from the nucleus of cells
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using fluorescent nucleotides to label RNA with cells
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using reverse transcriptase to copy premRNAs from the nucleus of cells
Questão 29
Questão
cDNA probes are used to
Responda
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determine which pre-mRNAs are present within the nucleus of a cell
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determine the nucleotide sequence of a given gene
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determine which genes have been expressed by a cell
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none of these
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determine which genes are present within the nucleus of a cell
Questão 30
Questão
A proteome is
Responda
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all types of RNA present within a cell
-
all of the proteins present within a cell
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all of the mRNA present within a cell
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all of the genes present within a cell
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none of these
Questão 31
Questão
A genome is
Responda
-
none of these
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all types of RNA present within a cell
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all of the mRNA present within a cell
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all of the proteins present within a cell
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all of the genes present within a cell
Questão 32
Questão
Which of the following is true of a cell's proteome?
Responda
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It represents all of the proteins within a cell.
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It is equivalent to the number of mRNAs within a cell.
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It includes all types of DNA and RNA within a cell.
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none of these
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It represents all of the genes within a cell.
Questão 33
Questão
Where is DNA located within plant cells?
Responda
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In chloroplasts only
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In mitochondria only
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In chloroplasts and the nucleus only
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In all of these organelles
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In the nucleus only
Questão 34
Questão
Regarding extranuclear DNA, where is it located within eukaryotic cells?
Responda
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within the nucleolus
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within smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
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within cytoplasmic ribosomes
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within the cytoskeleton
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within mitochondria and chloroplasts
Questão 35
Questão
What is the probable origin of extranuclear DNA in eukaryotes?
Responda
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It is DNA that leaked out of the nucleus during evolution of eukaryotic cells.
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It is the result of viral infections of eukaryotic cells.
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none of these
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It became part of the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells.
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It was present in prokaryotes that became endosymbionts of eukaryotic cells.
Questão 36
Questão
In current studies of human ancestry based on maternal inheritance, which of the following
approaches is used?
Responda
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the entire genome is analyzed
-
mitochondrial DNA is analyzed
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cDNA probes and microarrays are used
-
none of these
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the entire proteome is analyzed
Questão 37
Questão
In eukaryotic organisms, mitochondrial DNA
Responda
-
is inherited only from the male parent
-
is not passed from parent to offspring
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is inherited from both parents
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is inherited only from the female parent
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is only present if the offspring has been infected by a virus
Questão 38
Questão
Analysis of human mitochondrial DNA can be use to determine
Responda
-
all of these
-
whether a person is related to a dead person
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whether a person is related to another living person
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in what region of the world a person's ancestors lived
-
none of these
Questão 39
Questão
How can a researcher locate species that have genes which are homologous to a given human gene?
Responda
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By using the computer program BLAST
-
none of these
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By performing a microarray analysis
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By using cDNA probes to locate mRNA
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By determining the sequence of the human gene
Questão 40
Questão
How can the computer program BLAST be used?
Responda
-
To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis
-
To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein sequencing"
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To locate genes of other species that are homologous to a known gene
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all of these
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To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"
Questão 41
Questão
How can the computer program BLAST be used?
Responda
-
all of these
-
To determine which genes are expressed in a cell by microarray analysis
-
To determine the nucleotide sequence of a new gene by "gene sequencing"
-
To determine which animal species have proteins similar to a given human protein based on amino acid sequence.
-
To determine the amino acid sequence of a new protein by "protein sequencing"
Questão 42
Questão
The human genome project determined that human DNA consists of
Responda
-
300,000 nucleotides
-
3 million nucleotides
-
3 million genes
-
3 billion proteins
-
3 billion nucelotides
Questão 43
Questão
What was the purpose of the human genome project?
Responda
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To determine whether all humans have the same type of genes
-
To determine which genes are expressed in each type of human cell
-
none of these
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To determine the amino acid sequence of all proteins in human cells
-
To determine the nucleotide sequence of all DNA in human cells
Questão 44
Questão
What was the source of DNA used in the human genome project?
Responda
-
DNA was obtained from 100 people who agreed to have their names published.
-
DNA was obtained anonymously from 100 people, but only a few samples were used.
-
DNA was obtained anonymously from about 10,000 people and pooled.
-
DNA was obtained from several samples used in forensic investigations.
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DNA was obtained from a single person--the man in charge of the project.
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