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Biology Exam 4

Descrição

Looking at the functions of the body: bones, tissues, neurons, muscles, blood, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, and hormones.
Heidi Sherwood
Quiz por Heidi Sherwood, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Heidi Sherwood
Criado por Heidi Sherwood mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Most voluntary movement in a vertebrate body is accomplished by:
Responda
  • Muscles pulsing in waves of contraction to change the shape of the organism
  • Muscles pushing against bones to force them apart
  • Muscles pushing against tubes filled with fluid
  • Muscles pulling bones to bring them closer together

Questão 2

Questão
Which statement best reflects how contraction of a muscle fiber is accomplished?
Responda
  • Calcium causes the actin fibers to contract
  • Calcium causes the myosin fibers to contract
  • Calcium and ATP cause both actin and myosin fibers to contract
  • ATP powers a sliding of actin fibers past myosin

Questão 3

Questão
How does the smooth muscle of blood vessels, stomach and intestine differ from skeletal muscle?
Responda
  • Smooth muscle is involuntary, skeletal muscle is voluntary
  • Smooth muscle is voluntary, skeletal muscle is involuntary
  • Only smooth muscle is controlled by nerve impulses
  • Skeletal muscle does not use calcium

Questão 4

Questão
What sort of a signal causes a skeletal muscle to contract?
Responda
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases an electrical signal
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases calcium
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases a chemical neurotransmitter
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases ATP

Questão 5

Questão
How does the circulatory system of a human compare with that of an insect?
Responda
  • The human has a closed system, the insect is open
  • Both the human and the insect are closed
  • The human has an open system, the insect is closed

Questão 6

Questão
Which of the following systems does not exchange with the circulatory system in vertebrates?
Responda
  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Excretory system
  • Cells and interstitial fluid
  • All of these exchange with the circulatory system

Questão 7

Questão
Blood from the left ventricle goes:
Responda
  • To the left atrium
  • To the pulmonary artery and the lung
  • To the right ventricle
  • To the aorta and the body
  • To the right atrium

Questão 8

Questão
The bulk of oxygen in the blood is carried
Responda
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the plasma
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the plasma

Questão 9

Questão
Compare the speed of liquid flow in capillaries and the aorta
Responda
  • Faster in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Slower in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Faster in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • Slower in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • The same because the total volume of blood is constant

Questão 10

Questão
During countercurrent exchange in fish gills, where blood first enters the gills:
Responda
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood mix together with oxygen-rich water

Questão 11

Questão
The air sacks of the lung where gas exchange takes place are called:
Responda
  • Lacteal
  • Villi
  • Cecum
  • Alveoli
  • Trachea

Questão 12

Questão
Essential amino acids are
Responda
  • Those that are present in all body proteins
  • Those that are the most abundant in the body
  • Those that the body synthesizes
  • Those the body uses most
  • Those the body can not synthesize

Questão 13

Questão
Given an equal serving weight
Responda
  • Carbohydrates have more calories than fats
  • Fats have more calories than carbohydrates
  • Fats and carbohydrates have the same calorie content

Questão 14

Questão
The digestion of starch begins
Responda
  • In the mouth
  • In the stomach
  • In the duodenum
  • In the small intestine
  • In the large intestine

Questão 15

Questão
The pH of the stomach is:
Responda
  • Highly acidic
  • Highly basic
  • Neutral (pH about 7)

Questão 16

Questão
How is glucose concentration in the blood regulated?
Responda
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood

Questão 17

Questão
What mechanisms are not used in the production of urine by the mammalian kidney?
Responda
  • Pressure filtration
  • Reabsorption of water
  • Selective reabsorption of salts
  • All of these are used in the production of urine

Questão 18

Questão
In most circumstances, how does the solute (salts and urea) concentration of mammalian urine in the bladder compare with that of blood entering the kidney?
Responda
  • The solute concentration in the urine is higher
  • The solute concentration in the urine is lower
  • The solute concentration in the urine is about the same as in the blood

Questão 19

Questão
Which of the following pathways is the most common in the nervous system?
Responda
  • Sensory neuron --> motor neuron --> interneuron
  • Sensory neuron --> interneuron --> motor neuron
  • Motor neuron --> sensory neuron --> interneuron
  • Motor neuron --> interneuron --> sensory neuron
  • Interneuron --> sensory neuron --> motor neuron

Questão 20

Questão
What is the correct path for the flow of the signal in a single neuron?
Responda
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrite --> axon
  • Axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrive
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon --> dendrite
  • Dendrite --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon
  • Dendrite --> axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter)

Questão 21

Questão
Nervous signals are carried along the axon by a wave of depolarization and between nerve cells by neurotransmitters
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
Automatic functions like breathing and digestion are controlled by the
Responda
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebellum

Questão 23

Questão
Which of the following is NOT true concerning steroid hormones?
Responda
  • Testosterone and estrogen are examples
  • The receptors for them are within the target cell
  • They are composed of animo acids and the receptors are on the cell surface
  • THeir ultimate purpose is to activate transcription of specific genes
  • They are related to cholesterol in structure

Questão 24

Questão
Which (if any) of the following is not part of the human endocrine system?
Responda
  • Hypothalamus and pituitary
  • Adrenal glands
  • Ovaries (in females)
  • Testes (in males)
  • All of these are part of the human endocrine system

Questão 25

Questão
Bone is:
Responda
  • A living dynamic tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is not being remodeled
  • A living dynamic tissue that is not being remodeled

Questão 26

Questão
Nervous tissue is tissue that specializes in conducting signals
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 27

Questão
Check all that are parts of the nervous tissue
Responda
  • Neurons (cells specialized for signal transduction)
  • Cartilage (firm but flexible connective tissue)
  • Gliel cells (support the neuron)
  • Myofilaments (composed of actin and myosin)

Questão 28

Questão
Myosin and actin are not proteins
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
When talking about neurons, which is the order of the signals?
Responda
  • Electrical signal --> chemical signal --> electrical signal
  • Electrical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> electrical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal

Questão 30

Questão
In the neuron, the axon receives the signal
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
The sensory neurons:
Responda
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Questão 32

Questão
Interneurons:
Responda
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Questão 33

Questão
Motor neurons:
Responda
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles

Questão 34

Questão
Smooth muscle
Responda
  • Is involuntary
  • Is voluntary

Questão 35

Questão
Check all that are apply to smooth muscles
Responda
  • Include blood vessels
  • Include the intestinal track
  • Include the stomach
  • Are in the heart
  • Are related to moving the bones in the body
  • Are involuntary
  • Are voluntary

Questão 36

Questão
There are three general functions of the circulatory system
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 37

Questão
What is the cycle of blood?
Responda
  • Heart --> body --> heart --> lungs
  • heart--> body --> lungs --> heart

Questão 38

Questão
Arteries:
Responda
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Questão 39

Questão
Veins:
Responda
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Questão 40

Questão
The circulatory system transports nutrients, minerals, oxygen, and waste throughout the body
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 41

Questão
Cells do not need O2 to produce ATP
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
What is the principle function of red blood cells?
Responda
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Questão 43

Questão
What is the principle function of white blood cells?
Responda
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Questão 44

Questão
What is the principle function of platelets?
Responda
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Questão 45

Questão
Blood is composed of two things: cells and plasma
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Where does the major exchange of CO2 and O2 take place?
Responda
  • The respiratory system
  • The circulatory system
  • The digestive system

Questão 47

Questão
In the digestive system, where does the major absorption occur?
Responda
  • The small intestines
  • The large intestines
  • The stomach
  • The esophogas
  • None of these

Questão 48

Questão
The large intestine is the last step in the digestion process
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
A hormone is a signaling molecule which elicits a psysiological response
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Hormones are not diverse
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases
Responda
  • insulin
  • glucagon

Questão 52

Questão
Muscles:
Responda
  • work by pulling bones closer together and work in opposing pairs
  • work by pushing bones further apart and work in opposing pairs

Questão 53

Questão
In muscle contraction:
Responda
  • Myocin is at the center and actin is on the outskirts, and they slide past each other.
  • Actin is at the center and myocin is on the outskirts, and they slide past eacho ther.

Questão 54

Questão
Which would you expect to represent the greatest biomass in an ecosystem?
Responda
  • Producers
  • Primary consumers
  • Tertiary consumers
  • Equal in all 3 of these

Questão 55

Questão
Carbon cycles back and forth between living and nonliving forms by:
Responda
  • Photosynthesis only
  • Respiration only
  • Photosynthesis and respiration

Questão 56

Questão
Nitrogen can be acquired from atmospheric gas for biological processes by:
Responda
  • Only bacteria
  • Bacteria and plants
  • Bacteria and fungi
  • All living organisms

Questão 57

Questão
The greatest biodiversity can be expected to occur in:
Responda
  • Tropical rainforest
  • Savanna
  • Desert
  • Grasslands
  • Conifer

Questão 58

Questão
Which (if any) of the following does not influence climate?
Responda
  • Latitude
  • Elevation
  • Geography
  • Ocean currents
  • All of these can have an effect on climate

Questão 59

Questão
In freshwater ponds, seasonal temperature changes cause spring and fall overturns that redistribute nutrients.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 60

Questão
A tundra-like region can be found:
Responda
  • Only at the poles
  • At the equator
  • Any arid region
  • Sub-polar and high altitude

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