29245560
Questão 1
Questão
Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?
Responda
-
Microorganisms
-
Animal
-
Human
-
Fungi
-
Plant
-
Cells derived from tissues
Questão 2
Questão
Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?
Responda
-
Microorganisms
-
Cells derived from tissues
-
Animals
-
Humans
-
Fungi
-
Plants
Questão 3
Questão
Cells in a [blank_start]determined[blank_end] state remain the same after differentiating. [blank_start]Most[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Cells in a [blank_start]plastic[blank_end] state are changing, usually before they differentiate. [blank_start]Stem[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Responda
-
determined
-
plastic
-
mobile
-
static
-
plastic
-
determined
-
mobile
-
static
-
Most
-
Stem
-
Stem
-
Most
Questão 4
Questão
List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive.
[blank_start]Level 4[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 3[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 2[blank_end]
[blank_start]Level 1[blank_end]
Responda
-
Level 4
-
Level 3
-
Level 2
-
Level 1
Questão 5
Questão
Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.
Responda
-
Least restrictive
-
Worried about contamination of the culture
-
Most restrictive
-
Worried about containment of culture agents
-
Worried about exposure of workers
-
Non-pathogenic
-
Extremely pathogenic
Questão 6
Questão
Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.
Responda
-
Most restrictive
-
Extremely pathogenic
-
Worried about contamination of culture
-
Worried about containment of culture agents
-
Worried about exposure of workers
-
Least restrictive
-
Non-pathogenic
Questão 7
Questão
As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 8
Questão
Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 9
Questão
Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?
Responda
-
Level 4
-
Level 3
-
Level 2
-
Level 1
Questão 10
Questão
Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 11
Questão
List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted.
[blank_start]Laminar flow hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
[blank_start]Containment hood[blank_end]
Air filtration system
Front shield
Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation
[blank_start]Glove box[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange
[blank_start]Culture room[blank_end]
Closed system
Interlock exchange
Responda
-
Laminar flow hood
-
Containment hood
-
Glove box
-
Culture room
-
Alternate Dimension
-
Hand box
-
Air hood
-
Air conditioning vents
Questão 12
Questão
The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 13
Questão
In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to [blank_start]121[blank_end] degrees C at [blank_start]15[blank_end] psi for [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes.
Responda
-
121
-
115
-
21
-
15
-
15
-
21
-
115
-
121
-
15
-
10
-
20
-
25
-
30
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?
Responda
-
Syringe filters
-
Vacuum filtration systems
-
Air filtration systems
-
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
-
Gravity filters
-
Autoclave
Questão 15
Questão
Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?
Responda
-
Penetrating
-
Used for single-use, disposable items
-
Performed by manufacturer
-
Non-penetrating
-
Performed by worker
-
Used for various lab practices
Questão 16
Questão
Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?
Responda
-
Penetrating
-
Used for single-use, disposable items
-
Performed by manufacturer
-
Non-penetrating
-
Performed by worker
-
Used for various lab practices
Questão 17
Questão
Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 18
Questão
Liquid media is also known as
Responda
-
broth
-
soup
-
smart water
Questão 19
Questão
Which of the following are examples of liquid media?
Responda
-
C source
-
N source
-
Osmotica
-
Agar dissolved in liquid media
Questão 20
Questão
Which of the following are examples of solid media?
Responda
-
Agar dissolved in liquid media
-
C source
-
N source
-
Osmotica
Questão 21
Questão
Culture Containers
[blank_start]Liquid Media[blank_end]:
tubes
flask
bottles
[blank_start]Solid Media[blank_end]:
plates
tubes
magenta boxes
Responda
-
Liquid Media
-
Solid Media
Questão 22
Questão
Which of these is an example of physical cell release?
Responda
-
shaking
-
enzymatic
Questão 23
Questão
Kelly attempted to cultivate individual bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with agar. However, when the culture had finished incubating, the colonies were in dense streaks throughout the plate with no colony isolation. Determine which step she most likely missed when streaking.
Kelly: "I collected a sample from the suspension using a rod, and made a streak on a side of the agar, making sure to save room for my other streaks. I immediately took my rod and ran it through the first streak once and dragging it over the agar into my second streak. I did the same thing for my third and fourth streaks."
Responda
-
She didn't sterilize her rod between streaks.
-
She had "double-dipped," taking a sample from the suspension between each streak.
-
Kelly did everything perfectly. There must have been something wrong with her equipment.
Questão 24
Questão
Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments?
(Choose 3)
Responda
-
Disinfectants
-
Ethanol
-
Incinerator
-
Flame (Bunsen burner/alcohol lamp)
-
Heated glass beads
Questão 25
Questão
Which of the following are valid incubation conditions?
Responda
-
Temperature
-
Agitation
-
Aeration
-
Light/Dark
-
Pressure
Questão 26
Questão
Plants are usually incubated in __________ conditions.
Responda
-
Light/Dark
-
Agitation
-
Aeration
-
Temperature
Questão 27
Questão
Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses
[blank_start]Long-term storage[blank_end]
-80 degrees C (freezer)
-177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen)
[blank_start]Glycerol stocks[blank_end]
50% glycerol
Prevents cell death
[blank_start]Freeze/thaw cycles[blank_end]
Cell death
Scrape surface
Responda
-
Long-term storage
-
Glycerol stocks
-
Freeze/thaw cycles
Questão 28
Questão
Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed [blank_start]off-site[blank_end] waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed [blank_start]on-site[blank_end].
Responda
-
off-site
-
on-site
-
on-site
-
off-site
Questão 29
Questão
Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture?
(Choose 3)
Responda
-
The whole plant is regenerated from isolated cells or tissue
-
High regeneration frequency
-
Cells amendable to transformation
-
Low regeneration frequency
-
Cells unamendable to transformation
-
The plant is regenerated from a seed
Questão 30
Questão
Match the medium/ingredient with its description
[blank_start]Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium[blank_end]:
-plant tissue culture
[blank_start]Auxins[blank_end]:
-Required for Somatic embryo induction, Callus culture, & plantlet regeneration
-stimulates cell division/clumping, embryoid budding/clump formation, & root initiation
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
[blank_start]Cytokinins[blank_end]:
-typically required for callus culture
-sometimes promotes required for somatic embryogenesis
-promotes plantlet regeneration
-ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
Responda
-
Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium
-
Auxins
-
Cytokinins
Questão 31
Questão
[blank_start]Substantial[blank_end] amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at [blank_start]low[blank_end] concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.
Responda
-
Substantial
-
Minimal
-
low
-
high
Questão 32
Questão
[blank_start]Higher[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]lower[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield roots.
[blank_start]Lower[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield shoots.
Other combinations yields [blank_start]callus[blank_end].
Responda
-
Higher
-
Lower
-
lower
-
higher
-
Lower
-
Higher
-
higher
-
lower
-
callus
-
nothing
-
whole plant growth
Questão 33
Questão
What is centrifugation typically used for?
Responda
-
separation of particles in a solution
-
converting a substance from a solid to liquid phase
-
sanitizing a solution
-
activating a chemical reaction
Questão 34
Questão
Separation is based on:
Responda
-
centrifugal force applied
-
Solute-solvent interactions
-
potential energy of the solution
-
weight of the solute
Questão 35
Questão
Centrifugal force is expressed as...
Responda
-
multiples of gravitational force (g-force)
-
Super spy guinea pigs (g-force)
-
newtons
-
dynes
Questão 36
Questão
Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use:
Bigger particles (Cells)
[blank_start]Low-speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Micro-centrifuge[blank_end]
[blank_start]HIgh-Speed[blank_end]
[blank_start]Ultra-Centrifuge[blank_end]
Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)
Responda
-
Low-speed
-
Micro-centrifuge
-
HIgh-Speed
-
Ultra-Centrifuge
Questão 37
Questão
Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why?
(Choose 3)
Responda
-
High-Speed
-
Ultra-Centrifuge
-
The high speed of the centrifuge causes enough heat to become a hazard.
-
The types of particles that are separated using these types of centrifuge always require refrigeration
-
Micro-Centrifuge
-
Low-speed
-
The centrifuge is just too cool B-)
Questão 38
Questão
The motion of particles during centrifugation is calculated using ___________.
Responda
-
Stoke's equation
-
the Centrifugal Force equation
-
Barney's equation
Questão 39
Questão
Stoke's equation uses which of the following to calculate the motion of particles during centrifugation?
Responda
-
buoyancy
-
molecular interactions
-
all selected upon a spherical particle
-
all selected upon a liquid solvent
-
sedimentation
Questão 40
Questão
Select all that apply to sedimentation constants
Responda
-
constant for a given medium and particle
-
constant for only the given medium
-
constant for only the given particle
-
derived from stoke's equations
-
expressed seconds (s)
-
expressed in Svedbergs (S)
-
is related to molecular weight
Questão 41
Questão
1 Svedberg (S) = ______ seconds (s)
Responda
-
10^-13
-
10^13
-
10^-3
-
10^3
-
103
-
300
Questão 42
Questão
Which of the following will calculate centrifugal force?
Responda
-
RCF = (w^2)r/g
-
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm*1000)^2
-
RCF = 11.18(w^2)r/g
-
RCF = (r^2)w/g
-
RCF = (w^2)r/(rpm*1000)^2
Questão 43
Questão
label the abbreviations with their meaning in following equations for Centrifugal force.
RCF = (w^2)r/g
RCF = 11.18r/(rpm/1000)^@2
RCF = [blank_start]relative centrifugal force[blank_end]
w = [blank_start]angular velocity[blank_end]
g = [blank_start]gravitational force[blank_end]
r = [blank_start]radial distance[blank_end] of particle from axis of rotation
rpm = [blank_start]revolutions per minute[blank_end]
Responda
-
relative centrifugal force
-
revolving centrifugal force
-
angular velocity
-
centrifugal velocity
-
angular force
-
gravitational force
-
radial distance
-
radial circumference
-
revolutions per minute
-
radial force of motion
Questão 44
Questão
When centrifuging, equivalent masses MUST lay opposite each other in the rotor. This is more critical at lower g-forces because the lower speed allows for greater imbalance.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 45
Questão
Why must centrifuges be balanced before use?
Responda
-
prevent "walking" centrifuges
-
prevent spindle damage
-
prevent "flying" rotors
-
Trick question: a centrifuge will auto-balance
Questão 46
Questão
This is a [blank_start]fixed-angle[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Responda
-
fixed-angle
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
continuous flow
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Good
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Good
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Poor
Questão 47
Questão
This is a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Inefficient[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Responda
-
swinging bucket
-
fixed-angle
-
vertical
-
continuous flow
-
Inefficient
-
Good
-
Adequate
-
Good
-
Inefficient
-
Adequate
-
Adequate
-
Inefficient
-
Good
Questão 48
Questão
This is a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor.
(Type of Separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Responda
-
vertical
-
fixed-angle
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
-
Poor
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Good
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Good
Questão 49
Questão
This is a [blank_start]continuous flow[blank_end] rotors.
(Type of separation - Efficiency)
Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end]
Rate zonal - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Responda
-
continuous flow
-
fixed-angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
Poor
-
Excellent
-
Adequate
-
Excellent
-
Poor
-
Adequate
-
Adequate
-
Poor
-
Excellent
Questão 50
Questão
Centrifugal rotors are rated for [blank_start]maximum operating speed[blank_end]. The rating is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end] based on [blank_start]construction materials[blank_end] and [blank_start]design[blank_end].
Responda
-
maximum operating speed
-
size
-
average operating speed
-
user satisfaction
-
the manufacturer
-
a scientific commitee
-
construction materials
-
height
-
maximum number of samples
-
design
-
radius
-
balance
Questão 51
Questão
De-rating is the reduction in maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end] after a period of use. The de-rating schedule is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end]. It prolongs the useful life of the rotor, albeit at a lower maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end].
Responda
-
speed
-
time
-
frequency
-
the manufacturer
-
the user
-
a scientific committee
-
speed
-
frequency
-
time
Questão 52
Questão
The picture depicts [blank_start]pelleting[blank_end], which happens when using a [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor to centrifuge until the particles sediment to the bottom of the tube.
Responda
-
pelleting
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
fixed angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
Questão 53
Questão
[blank_start]Differential pelleting[blank_end] happens after repeating centrifugation at higher RCFs. The pellets sediment to the bottom based on size and mass
([blank_start]Nuclei[blank_end] > [blank_start]Chloroplast[blank_end] > [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end])
Responda
-
Differential pelleting
-
Rate zonal centrifugation
-
Isopycnic centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
Nuclei
-
Chloroplast
-
Mitochondria
-
Chloroplast
-
Nuclei
-
Mitochondria
-
Mitochondria
-
Nuclei
-
Chloroplast
Questão 54
Questão
This is [blank_start]rate zonal centrifugation[blank_end], which separates particles based on mass and shape. The sample is stabilized by a [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] gradient so that sedimentations happen in layers (sedimentation constants proportional to [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end]).
A [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor is used for analytical purposes and small-scale preps, while a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is used for larger particles.
Responda
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
differential pelleting
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
sucrose
-
glucose
-
molecular weight
-
size
-
density
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
-
swinging bucket
-
continuous flow
Questão 55
Questão
This is [blank_start]isopycnic centrifugation[blank_end], or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In this kind of centrifugation, migration stops when particle [blank_start]density[blank_end] equals medium [blank_start]density[blank_end].
For this kind of centrifugation, a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is fast and produces high resolution. A [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor produces a high resolution, and a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor has a high capacity.
Responda
-
isopycnic centrifugation
-
pelleting
-
rate zonal centrifugation
-
differential pelleting
-
density
-
heat energy
-
density
-
heat energy
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
fixed angle
-
vertical
-
swinging bucket
-
swinging bucket
-
vertical
-
fixed angle
Questão 56
Questão
Label as it applies to the pictured centrifugation ([blank_start]isopycnic[blank_end]):
Typical gradients:
[blank_start]CsCl[blank_end] (most common)
[blank_start]Percoll[blank_end] (common)
[blank_start]Ca2SO4[blank_end] (occasionally)
Typical starting density = [blank_start]1.55[blank_end] CsCl/mL
Density or buoyant density (p) in CsCl
Protens = [blank_start]1.3[blank_end]
dsDNA = [blank_start]1.6-1.7[blank_end]
RNA = [blank_start]1.75-1.8[blank_end]
p is used to separate and characterize [blank_start]DNA[blank_end]
p = 1.660 + 0.098*(G + C)
where (G + C) = [blank_start]mole[blank_end] fraction
Responda
-
isopycnic
-
fixed angle
-
continuous flow
-
swinging bucket
-
CsCl
-
Percoll
-
Ca2SO4
-
Percoll
-
Ca2SO4
-
CsCl
-
Ca2SO4
-
CsCl
-
Percoll
-
1.55
-
1.15
-
5.11
-
5.51
-
1.3
-
1.16
-
1.8
-
1.6-1.7
-
1.3-1.6
-
1.75-1.8
-
1.75-1.8
-
1.3-1.6
-
1.6-1.7
-
DNA
-
RNA
-
Chloroplasts
-
mole
-
density
Questão 57
Questão
In plants, G + C (the mole fraction) may be too similar to separate and characterize DNA using isopycnic centrifugation. In this case, one would have to isolate the organelles to get the DNA.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 58
Questão
Label with the corresponding type of gradient
Responda
-
Linear Gradient
-
Concave Gradient
-
Convex Gradient
-
Step Gradient
Questão 59
Questão
Which of the following are continuous density gradients?
Responda
-
Linear
-
Concave
-
Convex
-
Step
Questão 60
Questão
Which type of gradient is the most common?
Responda
-
Linear
-
Concave
-
Convex
-
Step
Questão 61
Questão
Which of the following would likely show a step gradient after centrifugation?
Responda
-
Cells
-
Organelles
-
Chlorophyll
-
DNA
Questão 62
Questão
The picture depicts a [blank_start]gradient maker[blank_end]: a [blank_start]two[blank_end]-chambered apparatus that controls the mixing of two solutions to form a gradient.
Responda
-
gradient maker
-
Hamilton machine
-
gradient chamber
-
two
-
three
-
four
Questão 63
Questão
Which of the following are self-forming gradients?
Responda
-
CsCl
-
CsSO4
-
Percoll
-
Chlorophyll
-
Hemoglobin
-
Fibrinogen
Questão 64
Questão
The method used to separate the supernatant from pellet with minimal cross-contamination depends on ____________.
Responda
-
the position of the pellet
-
the viscosity of the supernatant
-
the type of container used
-
the density of the supernatant
-
the molecular weight of the pellet
Questão 65
Questão
Which of these are methods of removing a supernatant?
Responda
-
Pour method
-
Pipet method
-
Propagation method
-
Resuspension method
-
Sedimentation method
Questão 66
Questão
Which of these are resuspension methods?
Responda
-
Inversion
-
Shaking
-
Vortexing
-
Pipet
-
Pour
-
Chaos
Questão 67
Questão
Which of these are methods of recovering bands?
Responda
-
Pipet method
-
Syringe method
-
Drip method
-
Float method
-
Pour method
-
Vortex method
Questão 68
Questão
One way of concentrating samples is through [blank_start]precipitation[blank_end], where one centrifuges to pellet and collects the precipitate. Then one resuspends the pellet in the buffer to the desired concentration.
[blank_start]Nucleic Acids[blank_end]
- Ethanol
- Isopropanol
[blank_start]Proteins[blank_end]
- Acetone
- Ammonium sulfate
- Isopropanol
- Trichloroacetic acid
Responda
-
precipitation
-
spin collumns
-
Nucleic Acids
-
Proteins
-
Proteins
-
Nucleic Acids
Questão 69
Questão
One way of concentrating samples is [blank_start]spin columns[blank_end], where one centrifuges a tube with 2 chambers with a [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end] cut off membrane separating the compartments. Before centrifugation, the upper chamber contains a [blank_start]dilute[blank_end] sample. The lower chamber collects the [blank_start]filtrate[blank_end] during centrifugation, while the lip surrounding the membrane collects the [blank_start]concentrated sample[blank_end] in the upper chamber.
Responda
-
spin columns
-
precipitation
-
molecular weight
-
density
-
size selection
-
filtrate
-
concentrated sample
-
concentrated sample
-
filtrate
-
dilute
-
concentrated
Questão 70
Questão
To recover samples from small-volume solutions, pulse-spin the tube to accumulate liquid at the ____________ of the tube.
Responda
-
top
-
bottom
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