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4. Chemical Periodicity

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Chemical Periodicity
Dodong Aleta
Quiz por Dodong Aleta, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Dodong Aleta
Criado por Dodong Aleta mais de 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Noble gases do not participate in any chemical reactions.
Responda
  • True. Absolutely all of them do not participate in any chemical reactions.
  • False. The heavier ones are found to participate in chemical reactions, mostly with fluorine and oxygen.
  • False. Most of them participate in chemical reactions, contrary to popular belief.
  • Scientists are not yet sure.

Questão 2

Questão
These are a group of elements that have their outermost electron occupying their outer s or p orbital
Responda
  • Group A or Representative Elements
  • Group B or Transition Elements
  • Both Group A and Group B
  • None of the above

Questão 3

Questão
These electrons have the greatest influence on the properties of elements
Responda
  • Innermost electrons
  • Outermost electrons
  • Both innermost and outermost
  • None of the above

Questão 4

Questão
Adding an electron to an __ usually causes dramatic changes in the physical and chemical properties of the atom
Responda
  • s or p orbital
  • d or f orbital
  • s or d orbital
  • p or f orbital

Questão 5

Questão
Within a family of representative elements, atomic radii __ from top to bottom. Across a period, it __ from left to right.
Responda
  • increases; decreases
  • decreases; increases
  • increases; increases
  • decreases; decreases

Questão 6

Questão
It is a measure of the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1+ charge.
Responda
  • Ionization Energy
  • Activation Energy
  • Electron Affinity
  • Electronegativity

Questão 7

Questão
For a given element, the first ionization energy is always __ the second ionization energy.
Responda
  • greater than
  • less than
  • almost equal to
  • unrelated to

Questão 8

Questão
The first ionization energies generally __ from left to right across the period, and __ from top to bottom within a family.
Responda
  • increases; decreases
  • decreases; increases
  • increases; increases
  • decreases; decreases

Questão 9

Questão
Elements from Group __ are exceptions of the periodic trend of first ionization energies because __.
Responda
  • 2A; having a fully filled s orbital makes them almost as stable as noble gases
  • 3A; it is easier to remove the lone p1 electron than the fully filled s orbital
  • 4A; this is what experimental data is suggesting
  • 8A; they are the noble gases

Questão 10

Questão
Elements with low ionization energies form __.
Responda
  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations
  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions
  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements
  • None of the above

Questão 11

Questão
Elements with intermediate ionization energies form __.
Responda
  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations
  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions
  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements
  • None of the above

Questão 12

Questão
Elements with very high ionization energies form __.
Responda
  • ionic compounds by losing electrons to form cations
  • ionic compounds by gaining electrons to form anions
  • molecular compounds by sharing electrons with other elements
  • None of the above

Questão 13

Questão
It is defined as the energy change when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion with a 1- charge.
Responda
  • Ionization Energy
  • Activation Energy
  • Electron Affinity
  • Electronegativity

Questão 14

Questão
Species are isoelectronic when __.
Responda
  • when they have the same electron affinity
  • when they have the same electronegativity
  • they have the same number of electrons
  • their outermost electron are in the same suborbital

Questão 15

Questão
Elements from the left side of the periodic table __ to attain noble gas configurations. By contrast, elements from the right side __.
Responda
  • lose electrons; gain electrons
  • gain electrons; lose electrons
  • lose protons; gain protons
  • gain protons; lose protons

Questão 16

Questão
Simple __ are always smaller than the neutral atoms. Conversely, simple __ are always larger.
Responda
  • negatively charged ions (anions) positively charged ions (cations)
  • positively charged ions (cations) negatively charged ions (anions)
  • This question does not make sense.
  • Why am I even here?

Questão 17

Questão
Both cation and anion sizes __ going down a group.
Responda
  • increase
  • decrease
  • vary irregularly

Questão 18

Questão
Within an isoelectric series, ionic radii __ with __ atomic number because of __ nuclear charge.
Responda
  • increase increasing increasing
  • decrease decreasing decreasing
  • decrease increasing increasing
  • increase decreasing decreasing

Questão 19

Questão
It is a measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another atom.
Responda
  • Ionization Energy
  • Activation Energy
  • Electron Affinity
  • Electronegativity

Questão 20

Questão
Elements with high electronegativities are often __ that gain electrons to form __; those with low are often __ that lose electrons to form __.
Responda
  • metals; cations nonmetals; anions
  • nonmetals; anions metals; cations
  • metalloids; cations metals; cations
  • metalloids; cations nonmetals; anions

Questão 21

Questão
For representative elements, electronegativities usually __ from left to right across periods and __ from top to bottom within groups.
Responda
  • increase decrease
  • decrease increase
  • increase increase
  • decrease decrease

Questão 22

Questão
Electronegativities of the elements are expressed on a somewhat arbitrary scale, called the __.
Responda
  • Cavendish scale
  • Arrhenius scale
  • Oswald scale
  • Pauling scale

Questão 23

Questão
Two elements with a large difference in electronegativities tend to react with each other to form __ compounds, whereas those with similar electronegativities tend to form __ bonds.
Responda
  • ionic covalent
  • covalent ionic
  • Scientists are still working on answering this question.
  • This will not be asked in the November 2015 ChE board exam.

Questão 24

Questão
In simple ionic compounds, it is the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom when forming a compound. For single atom ions, it is the actual charge on the ion.
Responda
  • Atomic number
  • Nucleon number
  • Oxidation state
  • None of the above

Questão 25

Questão
For the most electronegative element, __, the oxidation state is always __.
Responda
  • hydrogen; +1
  • lithium; +1
  • fluorine; -1
  • oxygen; -2

Questão 26

Questão
He discovered hydrogen which he prepared by passing steam through a red-hot gun barrel, and by reaction of acids with reactive metals.
Responda
  • Joseph Priestly
  • Henry Cavendish
  • Pierre Janssen
  • Norman Lockyer

Questão 27

Questão
It is currently not very economical to use solar power to continuously electrolyte water to produce hydrogen gas because __.
Responda
  • it is extremely reactive and unstable
  • it is dangerous to transport due to the fact that it is the lightest gas and can easily leak out
  • it is extremely poisonous to humans
  • it smells really bad

Questão 28

Questão
Hydrogen reacts with metals and other nonmetals to form binary compounds called __.
Responda
  • hydrides
  • hydrates
  • hydrites
  • acids

Questão 29

Questão
__ are binary compounds containing H- ions, formed when hydrogen gains one electron from an active metal. By contrast, __ contain H+ ions, formed when hydrogen shares electrons with another nonmetal.
Responda
  • Ionic hydrides molecular hydrides
  • Molecular hydrides ionic hydrides
  • Ionic hydrates molecular hydrates
  • Molecular hydrates ionic hydrates

Questão 30

Questão
__ are all basic because they react with water to form hydroxide ions, whereas many __ are acidic because their aqueous solutions contain hydrogen cations.
Responda
  • Ionic hydrides molecular hydrides
  • Molecular hydrides ionic hydrides
  • Ionic hydrates molecular hydrates
  • Molecular hydrates ionic hydrates

Questão 31

Questão
The primary industrial use of hydrogen gas is for the synthesis of __ by the Haber process.
Responda
  • hydrochloric acid
  • sulfuric acid
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • ammonia

Questão 32

Questão
He discovered oxygen in 1774 by observing the thermal decomposition of mercury (II) oxide, a red powder, to form liquid mercury and a colorless gas.
Responda
  • Joseph Priestly
  • Henry Cavendish
  • Pierre Janssen
  • Norman Lockyer

Questão 33

Questão
The earth - land, water, and air - is approximately __ % oxygen by mass.
Responda
  • 25
  • 50
  • 75
  • 85

Questão 34

Questão
Oxygen is __ soluble in water.
Responda
  • not
  • slightly
  • very

Questão 35

Questão
Oxygen forms oxides by direct combination with all other elements, except the noble gases and noble metals. Which of the following is not a noble metal?
Responda
  • Au
  • Pd
  • Pt
  • Rh

Questão 36

Questão
Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1?
Responda
  • Normal oxides
  • Peroxides
  • Superoxides
  • None of the above

Questão 37

Questão
Which of the following kind of metallic oxide has oxygen atoms with an oxidation state of -1/2?
Responda
  • Normal oxides
  • Peroxides
  • Superoxides
  • None of the above

Questão 38

Questão
Metals that exhibit variable oxidation states (mostly transition metals) react with a limited amount of oxygen to give oxides with __ oxidation states, whereas those that react with excess oxygen give oxides with __ oxidation states.
Responda
  • lower higher
  • higher lower
  • lower lower
  • higher higher

Questão 39

Questão
Oxides of __ are called basic anhydrides (or basic oxides) because many of them combine with water to form bases with no change in oxidation state of the __.
Responda
  • nonmetals
  • metals
  • metalloids
  • noble gases

Questão 40

Questão
__ oxides are called acid anhydrides (or acidic oxides) because many of them dissolve in water to form acids with no change in oxidation state of the __.
Responda
  • nonmetals
  • metals
  • metalloids
  • noble gases

Questão 41

Questão
Oxygen combines with __ to form molecular oxides.
Responda
  • nonmetals
  • metals
  • metalloids
  • noble gases

Questão 42

Questão
__ oxides of nonmetals react with water to give solutions of ternary acids (which contain elements usually H, O, and another nonmetal).
Responda
  • A few
  • About half
  • About a third
  • Nearly all

Questão 43

Questão
The combination of basic anhydrides with acid anhydrides, with no change in oxidation states, form __.
Responda
  • hydrogen gas
  • oxygen gas
  • salts
  • water

Questão 44

Questão
It is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which oxygen combines rapidly with oxidizable materials in highly exothermic reactions, usually with a visible flame.
Responda
  • Combustion
  • Condensation
  • Evaporation
  • Oxidation

Questão 45

Questão
It is an oxide that shows some acidic and some basic properties.
Responda
  • Amphoteric oxide
  • Aliphatic oxide
  • Anhydrous oxide
  • Amphiprotic oxides

Questão 46

Questão
It is a species containing one or more unpaired electrons, and are very reactive.
Responda
  • Ion
  • Irrational
  • Radical
  • None of the above

Questão 47

Questão
It is the process of heating an ore of an element in the presence of air.
Responda
  • Refining
  • Roasting
  • Purifying
  • Combustion

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