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Ch 4 DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

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Biochemistry
Amy Arce
Quiz por Amy Arce, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
Criado por Amy Arce aproximadamente 9 anos atrás
33
1
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What is the correct order of the central dogma of gene expression?
Responda
  • DNA--> Translation-->RNA--> Transcription-->Protein
  • DNA--> Transcription-->RNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Transcription-->DNA-->Translation-->Protein
  • RNA-->Translation-->DNA-->Transcription-->Protein

Questão 2

Questão
What are components of a nucleotide?
Responda
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen containing base
  • Phosphate
  • Carbon

Questão 3

Questão
RNA and DNA differ in the sugar component of one of the bases
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 4

Questão
What contains the sugar ribose?
Responda
  • RNA
  • DNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Questão 5

Questão
Purines are
Responda
  • Adenine and Guanine
  • Adenine and Cytosine
  • Guanine and thymine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Questão 6

Questão
Pyrimidines are
Responda
  • Adenine and guanine
  • Adenine and thymine
  • Cytosine and adenine
  • Cytosine and thymine

Questão 7

Questão
Nucleic acid sequences are written in what direction?
Responda
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 3'carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 5' carbon of the sugar
  • One end has a phosphoryl group attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar and one end has a free hydroxyl attached to the 3' carbon of the sugar

Questão 8

Questão
A base bound to a sugar is called a [blank_start]nucleoside[blank_end]
Responda
  • nucleoside

Questão 9

Questão
Nucleoside of DNA are
Responda
  • Deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytosine, deoxyuracil

Questão 10

Questão
Deoxythymidine, rarely occurs in RNA, simply called thymidine
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 11

Questão
Nucleoside of RNA are
Responda
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxythymidine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine
  • adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine
  • deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuracil

Questão 12

Questão
A nucleotide is a nucleoside with only 1 phosphoryl group attached
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
Nucleotide [blank_start]triphosphates[blank_end] are the building blocks of [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] and [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]
Responda
  • triphosphates
  • Adenosine
  • trisugars
  • DNA
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • RNA
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Questão 14

Questão
DNA molecules are very long some consisting of more than [blank_start]1 billion[blank_end] nucleotides
Responda
  • 1 billion

Questão 15

Questão
The double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and van der Walls interactions
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 16

Questão
Adenine always forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] while guanine forms hydrogen bonds with [blank_start]cytosine[blank_end]
Responda
  • thymine
  • cytosine
  • cytosine
  • thymine

Questão 17

Questão
The helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between base pairs as well as hydrophobic interactions called
Responda
  • stacking forces
  • semiconservative replication
  • Van der Walls interactions

Questão 18

Questão
Because of the base pair rules, the sequence of one strand determines the sequence of the partner strand
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Because the two daughter helices have one parent strand one newly synthesized strand, the replication process is called
Responda
  • Stacking forces
  • Semiconservative replication
  • Conservative replication
  • DNA polymerase

Questão 20

Questão
What are the key characteristics of DNA synthesis
Responda
  • Four deoxynucleoside triphosphates and Mg2+ are required
  • A template strand is used to direct RNA synthesis
  • A primer from which the new strand grows must be absent
  • Many DNA polymerases have nuclease activity that allows for the removal of mismatched bases

Questão 21

Questão
Some viruses, such as tobacco mosaic virus, have [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] genomes that are replicated by [blank_start]RNA[blank_end]-directed [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] polymerases
Responda
  • RNA
  • RNA
  • RNA

Questão 22

Questão
Retroviruses, such as HIV-1, have single-stranded RNA genomes that are converted into DNA double helices by the action of
Responda
  • Transcriptase
  • Translation
  • Reverse transcriptase
  • Reverse translation

Questão 23

Questão
All cellular RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerases
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called translation, a process catalyzed by RNA polymerase
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 25

Questão
RNA polymerase has the following requirements
Responda
  • Template
  • The sequence of the newly-synthesized RNA is complementary to the DNA template
  • coding strand
  • Activated precursors in the form of the 4 ribonucleoside
  • Divalent metal ions
  • Base pair

Questão 26

Questão
RNA polymerase initiates and elongates the RNA product, with the chain growing in the [blank_start]5'[blank_end] to [blank_start]3'[blank_end] direction
Responda
  • 5'
  • 3'

Questão 27

Questão
Several kinds of RNA play a role in gene expression, what are three most abundant classes of RNA
Responda
  • Ribosomal RNA
  • Messenger RNA
  • Transfer RNA
  • Translate RNA

Questão 28

Questão
RNA polymerases take instructions from DNA templates
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 29

Questão
Transcription begins near the [blank_start]promoter[blank_end] sites and ends at [blank_start]terminator[blank_end] sites
Responda
  • promoter
  • terminator

Questão 30

Questão
Promoters are
Responda
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper initiation site
  • Specific DNA sequences that direct RNA polymerase to the proper terminator site
  • Specific RNA sequences that direct DNA polymerase to the proper terminator site

Questão 31

Questão
The average of variation in the sequence of a promoter for different genes is called [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence
Responda
  • consensus

Questão 32

Questão
The RNA complement of the DNA stop signal forms a hairpin structure, followed by several thymine residues
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 33

Questão
What is required for transcription termination
Responda
  • Protein rho
  • Protein thy
  • Protein gly
  • Protein leu

Questão 34

Questão
In eukaryotes,
Responda
  • The 3' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of mRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 5' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 3' end acquires a poly(A)tail
  • The 3' end of tRNA is modified by the attachment of a cap structure while the 5' end acquires a poly(A)tail

Questão 35

Questão
Transfer RNA molecules react with
Responda
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • one amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-mRNA synthetases
  • Specific amino acids in a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases

Questão 36

Questão
Transfer RNA molecules also contain a template recognition site, called
Responda
  • the anticodon
  • the codon
  • the initiator
  • the terminator

Questão 37

Questão
Anticodon consist of
Responda
  • 2 bases
  • 3 bases
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the rRNA
  • complementary 3 base sequence in the mRNA

Questão 38

Questão
Protein synthesis is the process of translation
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 39

Questão
Characteristics of the genetic code are
Responda
  • three nucleotides, called a codon
  • code is overlapping
  • code is nonoverlapping
  • code has punctuation
  • code has no punctuation
  • Code is read from 5' end of the mRNA to the 3' end
  • code is degenerate in that some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon

Questão 40

Questão
Degeneracy
Responda
  • amino acids encoded by 1 codon
  • amino acids encoded by more than 1 codon
  • minimizes deleterious effects of mutations
  • maximizes deleterious effects of mutations

Questão 41

Questão
Messenger RNA is translated on ribosomes
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 42

Questão
The genetic code is nearly universal
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
Eukaryotic genes are discontinuous
Responda
  • with coding regions called exons, interrupted by noncoding regions called introns
  • with noncoding regions called introns, interrupted by coding regions called exons
  • with coding regions called introns, interrupted by noncoding regions called exons
  • with interrupted regions called exons, coding regions called introns

Questão 44

Questão
Many exons encode
Responda
  • protein domains
  • amino acids
  • rRNA

Questão 45

Questão
Introns almost always begin with GU and end with an AG
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
The gene for the β- chain of human hemoglobin has [blank_start]3[blank_end] exons and [blank_start]2[blank_end] introns
Responda
  • 3
  • 2

Questão 47

Questão
RNA processing generates mature RNA
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 48

Questão
[blank_start]Pre-messeneger[blank_end] RNA contains exons and introns
Responda
  • Pre-messeneger
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • rRNA

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