MSC Quiz

Question

Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron via which process?

Answer 1

Synthesis of glucose channels

Answer 2

Increasing the flow of filtrate

Answer 3

Upregulation of epithelial sodium channels

Answer 4

Excretion of water

Answer 5

Erythrocytes

Answer 6

T lymphocytes

Answer 7

B lymphocytes

Answer 8

Thrombocytes

Answer 9

abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of diesease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels

Answer 10

abnormal enlaregemnt of the left side of the heart as a resukt of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels

Answer 11

abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a resukt of an increase in systemic afterload

Answer 12

abnormal enlargement of the left side of the heart as a result of an increase in right sided afterload

Answer 13

stays the same

Answer 14

become hyperpolerized

Answer 15

breakdown of ATP

Answer 16

formation of ATP

Answer 17

transport of ATP by the pump

Answer 18

breakdown of GTP

Answer 19

In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction increases

Answer 20

In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction stays the same

Answer 21

In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction decreases

Answer 22

In diastolic heart failure the ejection fraction increases

Answer 23

Pumps out 3 sodium ion and pump in 2 potassium ions

Answer 24

Pumps out 6 sodium ions and pumps in 4 potassium ions

Answer 25

Pumps in 3 sodium ions and pumps out 2 potassium ions

Answer 26

Pumps in 6 sodium ions and pumps out 4 potassium ions

Answer 27

Paraseptal

Answer 28

Centriacinar

Answer 29

is composed of four identical subunits

Answer 30

has iron at the centre of haem groups which must be in the ferrous form to bind O2

Answer 31

binding of oxygen is reduced in the presence of high Pco2 because CO2 and O2 compete for the same binding sites on haemoglobin

Answer 32

variants (such as fetal haemoglobin) often differ from normal adult haemoglobin in the precise structure of the haem group.

Answer 33

Acetylcholine

Answer 34

Norepinephrine

Answer 35

Vasopressin

Answer 36

Pores of Oddi

Answer 37

Pores of Kohn

Answer 38

Pores of Dalton

Answer 39

Pores of Boyles

Answer 40

Breath holding

Answer 41

Inhibition of actin myosin filaments in platelets

Answer 42

Inhibition of thromboxane A2

Answer 43

Inhibition of collagen

Answer 44

Inhibition of calcium

Answer 45

electrically neutral

Answer 46

Frank-Starling’s Law

Answer 47

Cushing’s Law

Answer 48

Virchow’s triad Law

Answer 49

Best-Banting Law

Answer 50

Citric acids

Answer 51

keto acids

Answer 52

lactic acid

Answer 53

hydrochloric acid

Answer 54

1st Degree heart block

Answer 55

Hyperkaleamia

Answer 56

Hypokaleamia

Answer 57

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 58

Vasopressin

Answer 59

Aldosterone

Answer 60

Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 61

stays the same

Answer 62

moves to one

Answer 63

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 64

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 65

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Answer 66

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 67

the same as atmospheric pressure

Answer 68

higher than atmospheric pressure

Answer 69

Poly unsaturated fats

Answer 70

saturated fats

Answer 71

Hyper-carbonated fats

Answer 72

Mono unsaturated

Answer 73

Pneumoconiosis

Answer 74

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 75

Anaemic hypoxia

Answer 76

Histo-toxic

Answer 77

surfactant proteins (SP)

Answer 78

Obstructive lung disease

Answer 79

Type II respiratory failure

Answer 80

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 81

Hypercapnic lung disease

Answer 82

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 83

Function residual capacity

Answer 84

Residual volume reserve

Answer 85

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 86

Venturi’s

Answer 87

Dalton’s

Answer 88

Bernoulli’s

Answer 89

Charles’s

Answer 90

Dahl’s sign

Answer 91

Palmar erythema

Answer 92

Trousseau sign

Answer 93

Schamroth's sign

Answer 94

causes a large increase in oxygen content with little increase in oxygen saturation in a healthy person at high altitude

Answer 95

causes a large increase in arterial PaO2 and a small increase in oxygen content in a healthy person at sea level

Answer 96

would greatly enhance the exercise tolerance of a patient COPD

Answer 97

would greatly reduce the oxygen delivery problems of a patient in circulatory shock

Answer 98

Adrenal glands

Answer 99

Pineal gland

Answer 100

Hypothalamus

Answer 101

Connecting tubule

Answer 102

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 103

Collecting duct

Answer 104

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 105

Y chromosome

Answer 106

X chromosome

Answer 107

Autosomal chromosome number 8

Answer 108

Autosomal chromosome number 5

Answer 109

Adrenaline

Answer 110

Acetylcholine

Answer 111

Myocardium

Answer 112

Endocardium

Answer 113

Serous pericardium

Answer 114

Fibbrous pericardium

Answer 115

for any given Pco2 less CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood

Answer 116

an increase in Pco2 shifts the O2 dissociation curve to the left

Answer 117

an increase in Pco2 reduces the amount of haemoglobin in the red cell.

Answer 118

for any given Pco2 more CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood

Answer 119

decreased Po2 at the central chemoreceptor

Answer 120

increased Paco2

Answer 121

decreased CSF pH

Answer 122

decreased arterial pH

Answer 123

SV/EDV x 100

Answer 124

EDVEDV/SV x 100

Answer 125

RVEDV x EDV x 100

Answer 126

EDV/100 x 60

Answer 127

Tissue barrier layer

Answer 128

Alveolar fluid layer

Answer 129

plasma layer

Answer 130

Intrapulmonary shunting

Answer 131

decrease in dead space

Answer 132

increase in dead space

Answer 133

increase in lung surface area

Answer 134

daltons law

Answer 135

grahams law

Answer 136

chales law

Answer 137

bowman's capsule

Answer 138

25mmHg (3.3kPa)

Answer 139

32mmHhg (4.2kPa)

Answer 140

80mmHg (10.6kPa)

Answer 141

12mmhg (1.6Pa)

Answer 142

Bradycardia

Answer 143

Keto-alkalosis

Answer 144

kussmaul respiration

Answer 145

Bradyapnoea

Answer 146

Decreased venous return

Answer 147

Increased afterload

Answer 148

Decreased preload

Answer 149

Increased venous return

Answer 150

Blood pressure

Answer 151

Blood temperature

Answer 152

Blood acid base balance

Answer 153

Blood solute concentrations

Answer 154

Adrenaline

Answer 155

Angiotensin I

Answer 156

Angiotensin ll

Answer 157

Aldosterone

Answer 158

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 159

Distal tubule

Answer 160

Descending loop of Henle

Answer 161

Assessing limb loop of Henle

Answer 162

Vasoconstriction

Answer 163

Inhibition of ADH

Answer 164

Reabsorption of sodium

Answer 165

Stimulation of aldosterone secretion

Answer 166

Flank pain

Answer 167

Flank mass

Answer 168

Heamaturia

Answer 169

Cullen's sign

Answer 170

Synthesis of glucose channels

Answer 171

Increasing the flow of filtrate

Answer 172

Excretion of water

Answer 173

Upregulation of epithelial sodium channels

Answer 174

As hydrogen and bicarb ions

Answer 175

Bound to haemoglobin

Answer 176

As an alkaline

Answer 177

Bound to intercellular albumin

Answer 178

An inherited disorder characterized by the formation of tumours

Answer 179

An autoimmune disease

Answer 180

An infectious disease

Answer 181

A condition only seen within the renal architecture

Answer 182

Carotid arch

Answer 183

Addison's disease

Answer 184

Renal disease

Answer 185

Cushing's disease

Answer 186

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 187

Adrenal glands

Answer 188

Hypothalamus

Answer 189

Pineal gland

Answer 190

Eosinophils

Answer 191

Lymphocytes

Answer 192

Neutrophils

Answer 193

Distal tubule

Answer 194

Proximal tubule

Answer 195

Descending loop of Henle

Answer 196

Ascending loop of Henle

Answer 197

Vital capacity

Answer 198

Tidal volume

Answer 199

Residual vohimo

Answer 200

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 201

The Nernst effect

Answer 202

The Bohr effect

Answer 203

Henderson effect

Answer 204

Dalton effect

Answer 205

Inhibits expiration

Answer 206

prolongs inspiration time

Answer 207

Shortens inspiration time

Answer 208

Is initiated by expiration

Answer 209

Inflammation is caused by infectious agents in asthma, and is mediated by antiproteases

Answer 210

Inflammation is associated with airway remodelling in asthma. Inflammation is triggered by a stimulus, and causes epithelial injury, among other things

Answer 211

Mast cells can help to reduce inflammation by releasing histamine and preventing further lung damage

Answer 212

Inflammation is caused by airway remodelling in asthma.

Answer 213

Negative pressure

Answer 214

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 215

Active transport

Answer 216

Capillary co-transport

Answer 217

Tachycardia, dyspnoea, fever

Answer 218

Bradycardia, arm weakness, diaphoresis

Answer 219

Hypertension, palpitations, chest pain

Answer 220

Hypotension, increased jugular venous distention, muffled heart sounds

Answer 221

An ectopic arrythmia due to hyponatraemia

Answer 222

Any cardiac dysrhythmia

Answer 223

A shift of the pacemaker function of the SA node to another part of the heart

Answer 224

An arrythmia due to hyper

Answer 225

the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases

Answer 226

the mean arterial pressure decreases

Answer 227

the mean pulmo

Answer 228

the mean pulmonary arterial pressure is 10mmhg

Answer 229

paraseptal

Answer 230

centaicinar

Answer 231

They are excercising and so producing more CO2

Answer 232

The arterial Ph is unchanged

Answer 233

They are likely to have renal damage

Answer 234

They are likely to be polycythaemic

Answer 235

CO2 retention

Answer 236

less than 15% increase in FeV1 following treatment with a bronchodilator or steroids

Answer 237

Polycythemia

Answer 238

Increased total lung capacity

Answer 239

Tubular secretion, tubular re-absorption, glomerular filtration

Answer 240

Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

Answer 241

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Answer 242

glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption

Answer 243

Amino acids

Answer 244

electrolytes

Answer 245

Large molecular weight proteins

Answer 246

Stimulates the secretion of K+ into the tubular lumen

Answer 247

Stimulates Na+ and water reabsorption

Answer 248

Upregulates epithelial sodium channels

Answer 249

Causes vasodilation

Answer 250

Type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 251

Type 2 pneumocytes

Answer 252

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 253

Schwann cells

Answer 254

pneumoconiosis

Answer 255

Tuberculosis

Answer 256

Carbonic anhydrase

Answer 257

nerve endings

Answer 258

macrophages

Answer 259

Surfactant

Answer 260

carbon dioxide

Answer 261

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 262

Hydrogen ions

Answer 263

carbonic acid

Answer 264

10 percentage points

Answer 265

100 percentage points

Answer 266

4 percentage points

Answer 267

21 percentage points

Answer 268

Right/down

Answer 269

leucovorin

Answer 270

allopurinol

Answer 271

creatinine phosphokinase inhibitors

Answer 272

corticosteroids

Answer 273

none of these

Answer 274

quadriceps

Answer 275

replacing muscles

Answer 276

create customised diets for them to be healthier and stronger

Answer 277

attempting to correct defective genes so it creates the right proteins

Answer 278

none of these

Answer 279

Salvation, lacrimation, urination, defacation, gastrointestinal symptoms and emesis

Answer 280

sodium retention, lactic acidosis, urine retention, deafness, gastrointestinal bleeding and episodes of dizzines

Answer 281

Scoliosis, limited movement, urinary failure, decay, gastrointestinal ulceration, and epilepsy

Answer 282

sepsis, lymphedema, ulceration, diabetes, genital warts and Ecoli infection

Answer 283

Two thirds apex and one third base

Answer 284

one third base, two thirds apex

Answer 285

one half base, one half apex

Answer 286

three quaters base and one quater apex

Answer 287

Increased sympathetic activity

Answer 288

Increased end diastolic volume

Answer 289

increased venous return

Answer 290

all of the above

Answer 291

5th intercostal space at sternum

Answer 292

5th intercostal space inferior to left nipple

Answer 293

2nd intercostal space left of sternum

Answer 294

2nd intercostal space right of sternum

Answer 295

Atrial myocardium

Answer 296

Ventricular myocardium

Answer 297

pericardium

Answer 298

endocardium

Answer 299

epicardium

Answer 300

supracradium

Answer 301

0.9% saline

Answer 302

5% dextrose

Answer 303

adipose tissue

Answer 304

central nervous system

Answer 305

intestines

Answer 306

Intravenous fluids

Answer 307

Percardiocentesis

Answer 308

Intravenous beta blockers

Answer 309

coronary angioplasty

Answer 310

cribriform plate

Answer 311

hard palate

Answer 312

superior concha

Answer 313

carboxyhaemoglobin

Answer 314

dissolved carbon dioxide

Answer 315

as free hydrogen

Answer 316

as bicarbonate

Answer 317

lung tissue

Answer 318

pons and medulla

Answer 319

aortic & carotid bodies

Answer 320

renal arch

Answer 321

partial pressure oxygen

Answer 322

blood temperature

Answer 323

all of the above

Answer 324

neutrophils

Answer 325

eosinophils

Answer 326

red blood cells

Answer 327

Increased FEV1

Answer 328

eosinophils

Answer 329

lymphocytes

Answer 330

neutrophils

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