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Energy Metabolism (chapter 9)

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NFS 210, URI exam 3 review
Jess Weistuch
Quiz por Jess Weistuch, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Jess Weistuch
Criado por Jess Weistuch mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
What is the definition of metabolism?
Responda
  • A set of reactions that accomplish a goal
  • The entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life
  • the main form of energy the body uses
  • when a substance gains 1 or more electrons

Questão 2

Questão
What is the definition of anabolic?
Responda
  • the process of building larger more complex compounds from smaller simpler ones
  • the process of breaking down compounds into smaller units
  • series of chemical reactions occurring in a cell
  • oxidation of food molecules resulting in the eventual release of energy, CO2, and water

Questão 3

Questão
What is the primary energy source for cells?
Responda
  • ADP
  • ARP
  • ATP
  • ALP

Questão 4

Questão
Which is NOT part of the ATP/ADP cycle?
Responda
  • Break ATP bonds to get energy
  • ADP is formed from ATP
  • ATP is formed from ADP + P
  • FADH2 is formed

Questão 5

Questão
When is a substance oxidized?
Responda
  • when a substance gains electrons
  • when a substance loses electrons

Questão 6

Questão
Which is not one of the 4 stages in producing ATP from carbohydrates?
Responda
  • GI Tract
  • Glycolysis
  • Transition Reaction
  • Citric Acid Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain

Questão 7

Questão
After ATP is formed from carbohydrates, how much ATP does it form?
Responda
  • 21 ATP
  • 39 ATP
  • 32 ATP
  • 61 ATP

Questão 8

Questão
What is the goal of glycolysis?
Responda
  • to create ketone bodies
  • to break down glucose into smaller molecules
  • to generate new glucose from certain amino acids
  • to completely eliminate glucose

Questão 9

Questão
What is the macronutrient that is especially easy for the body to store as fat when excess kcal are consumed?
Responda
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins

Questão 10

Questão
What is the goal of the transition reaction?
Responda
  • Produce NADH, FADH2 from acetyl CoA to use in step 4 (electron transport chain)
  • Form ATP by oxidizing NADH and FADH2 produced
  • Get pyruvate ready for citric acid cycle
  • Break down glucose into smaller molecules

Questão 11

Questão
What is the goal of the citric acid cycle?
Responda
  • Form ATP by oxidizing NADH and FADH2 produced
  • Break down glucose into smaller molecules
  • Produce NADH, FADH2 from acetyl CoA
  • Break down glucose when there’s no oxygen

Questão 12

Questão
What is NOT true about the electron transport chain?
Responda
  • the goal is to form ATP by oxidizing NADH and FADH2
  • the end gives you 28 ATP
  • it is a metabolic pathway
  • it is the step before the citric acid cycle

Questão 13

Questão
Aerobic produces more ATP than anerobic
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 14

Questão
Which organ can manufacture nonessential amino acids, convert fructose to glucose, and build fatty acids from excess glucose?
Responda
  • liver
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • heart

Questão 15

Questão
Which metabolic pathway uses amino acids to synthesize glucose when glycogen has been depleted in the body?
Responda
  • electron transport chain
  • gluconeogenesis
  • citric acid cycle
  • glycolysis

Questão 16

Questão
Which two macronutrients does the body draw on stored forms to provide energy when nutrients from a meal are no longer available?
Responda
  • vitamins and minerals
  • carbs and minerals
  • carbs and proteins
  • carbs and lipids

Questão 17

Questão
Which macronutrient is replaced in the body's fuel mix when carbs are consumed in excess of the body's needs during 'feasting.'
Responda
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • alcohol
  • vitamins

Questão 18

Questão
Which metabolic compound enters the citric acid cycle during the aerobic metabolism of glucose?
Responda
  • NAD+
  • Acetyl CoA
  • NADH
  • FADH2

Questão 19

Questão
Which metabolic pathway is responsible for the formation of pyruvate from glucose?
Responda
  • transition reaction
  • electron transport chain
  • glycolysis
  • citric acid cycle

Questão 20

Questão
After glycogen stores in the body are depleted during fasting, these compounds are formed from the incomplete breakdown of fat to provide energy for certain parts of the body.
Responda
  • Ketone bodies
  • Acetyl-CoA
  • Citrate
  • Pyruvate

Questão 21

Questão
What is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids?
Responda
  • Ketosis
  • Gluconeogenesis
  • Lipolysis
  • Glycolysis

Questão 22

Questão
Glycolysis is a biochemical pathway that
Responda
  • breaks down glucose
  • generates energy
  • takes place in the cytosol
  • all of the above

Questão 23

Questão
Glycolysis begins with ____________ and ends with ______________:
Responda
  • pyruvate; water
  • pyruvate; glucose
  • glucose; pyruvate
  • pyruvate; acetyl-CoA

Questão 24

Questão
What is the goal of beta-oxidation?
Responda
  • Produce NADH, FADH2 from acetyl CoA to use in electron transport chain
  • Cleave (cut) fatty acid at the beta carbon
  • Produce glucose from glucogenic amino acids
  • Breakdown proteins to amino acids

Questão 25

Questão
What is the total ATP when making ATP from fatty acids?
Responda
  • 68
  • 100
  • 108
  • 35

Questão 26

Questão
When does ketosis NOT generally occur?
Responda
  • in type 1 diabetics
  • very low carb diets
  • fasting/starvation
  • in type 2 diabetics

Questão 27

Questão
What does the production of ketones prevent?
Responda
  • use of body protein for energy during starvation
  • use of body lipids for energy during starvation
  • use of body vitamins for energy during starvation
  • use of body carbs for energy during starvation

Questão 28

Questão
What is the first step in making ATP from proteins?
Responda
  • glycolysis
  • alcohol oxidation
  • Deamination
  • citric acid cycle

Questão 29

Questão
Which is not part of the process of deamination?
Responda
  • Amino group removed
  • Produces ATP without becoming acetyl-CoA
  • Nitrogen turned into ammonia
  • Leaves carbon skeleton to use for energy

Questão 30

Questão
What are the two types of amino acids?
Responda
  • Glucogenic and Ketogenic
  • Glucogenic and Oxygenic
  • Ketogenic and Oxygenic
  • Oxygenic and Glycogenic

Questão 31

Questão
Which is true about Ketogenic amino acids?
Responda
  • Can produce ATP without becoming acetyl-CoA
  • Can produce ATP without Oxygen
  • Must become acetyl-CoA to produce ATP
  • Can produce ADP without becoming acetyl-CoA

Questão 32

Questão
Which is NOT required to make ATP from carbs?
Responda
  • Glycolysis
  • Transition reaction
  • Lipolysis
  • Citric acid cycle

Questão 33

Questão
Which is NOT part of makingATP from fats?
Responda
  • Ketogenesis
  • Lipolysis
  • Beta-Oxidation
  • Ketosis

Questão 34

Questão
Check all of the boxes that are part part of the process of making ATP from protein.
Responda
  • Breakdown proteins to amino acids
  • Deaminate amino acids (left with carbon skeletons)
  • Glucogenic amino acids (straight into citric acid cycle)
  • Excess acetyl-CoA made into fat
  • Ketogenic amino acids (become Acetyl-CoA and then citric acid cycle
  • Moderate to excessive consumption overwhelms citric acid cycle

Questão 35

Questão
Which is NOT one of the pathways for alcohol metabolism?
Responda
  • Alcohol hydrogenase
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase
  • MEOS pathway

Questão 36

Questão
Which correctly states the right times for fasting?
Responda
  • Long-term (10-15 days)
  • Initial (2-8 hours)
  • Short-term (3-5 days)

Questão 37

Questão
Which correctly matches the macronutrient with its effects from feasting
Responda
  • Protein First stored in amino acid pool Second stored as glycogen
  • Carbohydrate: First goes to glycogen stores Second stored as adipose Conversion requires energy
  • Fat: Readily stored as NADH

Questão 38

Questão
When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of _______ is important because it assures a continuous supply of NAD.
Responda
  • glucose-6-phosphate
  • pyruvate
  • lactate
  • glycogen

Questão 39

Questão
The net energy production of ATP via glycolysis is _______.
Responda
  • 1 ADP
  • 2 ATP
  • 4 FADH
  • 2 GTP
  • none of the above

Questão 40

Questão
The common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and fatty acid is _________.
Responda
  • glycolysis
  • the urea cycle
  • the citric acid cycle
  • ketosis

Questão 41

Questão
The oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the ____________.
Responda
  • cell membrane
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • cytosol

Questão 42

Questão
Metabolism is regulated by ___________.
Responda
  • hormones
  • enzymes
  • the energy status of the body
  • all of the above

Questão 43

Questão
During periods of starvation, the body uses protein as a fuel source for the brain and central nervous system in a pathway called gluconeogenesis.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
Insulin is ________.
Responda
  • a coenzyme in the glycolytic pathway
  • a cofactor needed for gluconeogenesis
  • an anabolic hormone (build larger, more complex compounds)
  • a catabolic hormone (break down compounds into small units)

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