A&P 227 Exam 6

Question

_______________ autonomic axons exit the CNS at the thoracic level

Answer 1

All reflex

Answer 2

Sympathetic

Answer 3

Rest/digest

Answer 4

the arachnoid is the strongest of the meningeal layers

Answer 5

the subarachnoid space drains into the 4th ventricle

Answer 6

arachnoid villi return CSF to the blood

Answer 7

the epidural space is found above the brain

Answer 8

most of the CSF flows in the epidural space

Answer 9

are within the CNS

Answer 10

all possess epinephrine receptors

Answer 11

found in ganglia

Answer 12

found in the ventral root

Answer 13

found in the dorsal root ganglion

Answer 14

moves from the ventricles into the choroid plexus

Answer 15

flows from 3rd into lateral ventricle, then into the 4th

Answer 16

moves into the blood from the subarachnoid space

Answer 17

flows from capillaries into the arachnoid villi

Answer 18

it is produced by arachnoid villi

Answer 19

somatic postganglionic axons

Answer 20

parasympathetic preganglionic axons

Answer 21

parasympathetic postganglionic axon terminals

Answer 22

sympathetic preganglionic axons

Answer 23

sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic axons

Answer 24

they are the lumps we find in sympathetic nerves

Answer 25

close to sympathetic target organs

Answer 26

can be found at the distal end of cranial nerve X

Answer 27

located to the side of the spinal cord

Answer 28

found at the end of all splanchnic nerves

Answer 29

the brain does not discriminate ANS pain well

Answer 30

the stomach is an example of sympathetic-only control

Answer 31

blood vessels are parasympathetic only organs

Answer 32

renal activity decreases when parasympathetic stimulation increases

Answer 33

flight/flight causes gastric blood vessel dilation

Answer 34

parasympathetic postganglionic axons

Answer 35

all parasympathetic effectors

Answer 36

sympathetic postganglionic neurons and effectors

Answer 37

postganglionic dendrites

Answer 38

all preganglionic neurons plus parasympathetic effectors

Answer 39

sometimes called nicotinic receptors

Answer 40

found on all sympathetic dendrites

Answer 41

found on sympathetic axonal endings

Answer 42

they are examples of a muscarinic receptor

Answer 43

usually stimulatory

Answer 44

localized effects with a short duration

Answer 45

long lasting and widespread effects

Answer 46

short duration with widespread effects

Answer 47

most organs are controlled by sympathetic-only circuits

Answer 48

exhibit widespread effects if in pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 49

they release muscarine or ACh

Answer 50

they are found on all postganglionic dendrites

Answer 51

mostly found on somatic effectors

Answer 52

would be found in reproductive organs

Answer 53

found only on parasympathetic postganglionic dendrites

Answer 54

heart rate control

Answer 55

gastric control

Answer 56

releasing an enzyme from the kidney

Answer 57

respiratory control

Answer 58

reproductive function

Answer 59

hypothalamus

Answer 60

medulla oblongata

Answer 61

spinal cord segments

Answer 62

epithalamus

Answer 63

white ramus contains somatic axons

Answer 64

dorsal root contains preganglionic axons

Answer 65

ventral roots that serve lumbar sacral nerves contain vagus axons

Answer 66

ventral horn contains motor cell bodies

Answer 67

gray ramus contains preganglionic axons

Answer 68

all parasympathetic function would cease

Answer 69

heart rate would decrease if the person enters fight/flight

Answer 70

heart rate would immediately increase

Answer 71

there will be a problem with blood vessel control

Answer 72

we would lose sympathetic control to a large part of the body

Answer 73

spinal nerves split into dorsal and ventral roots after exiting the intervertebral foramina

Answer 74

ventral rami serve skin and muscles of the back

Answer 75

plexuses arise from the junction of a dorsal and ventral root

Answer 76

spinal nerves are branching networks formed by the junction of adjacent ventral rami

Answer 77

ventral rami contain more axons than dorsal rami

Answer 78

filum terminale is the cone shaped tip of the spinal cord

Answer 79

conus medularis is a modification of the pia mater

Answer 80

filum terminale is a C.T. extension of the dura mater

Answer 81

conus medularis does not extend to the top of the sacrum

Answer 82

cauda equina anchor the spinal cord in position

Answer 83

an electrical shock somewhere in the body

Answer 84

the surface of an axon is wrapped with endomysium

Answer 85

epineurium wraps an entire tract

Answer 86

perineurium wraps an entire nerve

Answer 87

endoneurium directly touches neurofibrils

Answer 88

endoneurium is found in splanchnic nerves

Answer 89

efferent - ascending - sensory

Answer 90

afferent - dorsal root - sensory

Answer 91

efferent - motor - dorsal root

Answer 92

ascending - sensory - efferent

Answer 93

descending - dorsal root - efferent

Answer 94

dorsal root ganglia contain postganglionic cell bodies

Answer 95

all ganglia belong to one of the ANS branches

Answer 96

terminal ganglia are associated with efferent pathways

Answer 97

paravertebral ganglia are associated with rest/digest functions

Answer 98

prevertebral and terminal ganglia are both sympathetic

Answer 99

proprioceptors

Answer 100

itch receptor

Answer 101

Meisner corpuscle

Answer 102

Pascinian corpuscle

Answer 103

muscle spindle

Answer 104

perceptual detection is the highest stage of sensory processing

Answer 105

transduction occurs at the receptor level

Answer 106

generator potentials are at least 30 mV

Answer 107

receptor potentials are all-or-none

Answer 108

processing at receptor level is higher than processing at circuit level

Answer 109

all postganglionic neurons would release neurotransmitter

Answer 110

all sympathetic effects will be stimulated

Answer 111

the intestines will experience increased activity

Answer 112

presynaptic neurons will be prevented from firing

Answer 113

postganglionic neurons will be inhibited

Answer 114

perceptual processing

Answer 115

understanding the location of a stimulus

Answer 116

knowing the strength of a stimulus

Answer 117

being able to distinguish between submodes

Answer 118

transduction

Answer 119

deep tendon

Answer 120

crossed extensor

Answer 121

specific ascending pathways relay body position information

Answer 122

perceptual detection occurs in the diencephalon

Answer 123

all ascending pathways terminate in the frontal cortex

Answer 124

fixed action patterns are physical circuitry in the spinal cord

Answer 125

spinothalamic tracts are sensory

Answer 126

feature abstraction

Answer 127

perceptual level processing

Answer 128

quality discrimination

Answer 129

transduction

Answer 130

magnitude estimation

Answer 131

esophageal

Answer 132

intestinal

Answer 133

it does not contribute to any of these plexuses

Answer 134

CPGs are part of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 135

basal nuclei are always sensory

Answer 136

association circuits in the spinal cord are called specific descending pathways

Answer 137

CPGs are mostly found in the hypothalamus

Answer 138

determining texture requires feature abstraction

Answer 139

white matter of the spinal cord

Answer 140

dorsal root

Answer 141

posterior horn

Answer 142

ventral horn

Answer 143

ventral root

Answer 144

pressure receptors

Answer 145

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 146

proprioceptors

Answer 147

photoreceptors

Answer 148

muscle spindles

Answer 149

organs receive innervation from both branches of the ANS

Answer 150

when one branch of the ANS increases an activity, the other decreases it

Answer 151

constant partial stimulation occurs, even at rest

Answer 152

vasomotor tone is in effect

Answer 153

sympathetic can override parasympathetic

Answer 154

Wallerian degeneration would only occur in the CNS

Answer 155

tracts may repair but nerves do not

Answer 156

oligodendrocytes form the regrowth tunnel in the CNS

Answer 157

axon growth rate is 1-5 cm per day

Answer 158

distal damage is more likely to successfully repair than proximal

Answer 159

oculomotor - nerve II

Answer 160

trigeminal - nerve VI

Answer 161

trochlear - nerve VI

Answer 162

abducens - nerve XI

Answer 163

vestibulocochlear - nerve VIII

Answer 164

iris of the eye

Answer 165

smooth muscle

Answer 166

intestines

Answer 167

rectus abdominis

Answer 168

sweat glands

Answer 169

somatic postganglionic axons are found in the dorsal root

Answer 170

sympathetic postganglionic axons are in thoracolumbar roots

Answer 171

all ganglia contain synapses

Answer 172

nicotinic receptors are on dendrites found in sympathetic ganglia

Answer 173

postganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies are found in the brain stem

Answer 174

the opthalmic branch of trochlear nerve serves the eyes

Answer 175

oculomotor serves only oblique eye muscles

Answer 176

accessory nerve controls speech and swallowing

Answer 177

trochlear nerve controls oblique eye muscles

Answer 178

none of these is true

Answer 179

all preganglionic dendrites possess cholinergic receptors

Answer 180

adrenergic receptors are found on postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 181

muscarinic receptors are found on parasympathetic postganglionic dendrites

Answer 182

glands are autonomic effectors

Answer 183

sympathetic effectors all release norepinephrine

Answer 184

the phrenic nerve is found in the brachial plexus

Answer 185

the sacral plexus contains the femoral nerve

Answer 186

the lumbar plexus contains the sciatic nerve

Answer 187

the "funny bone" is the ulna

Answer 188

the median nerve serves flexors

Answer 189

receptor, stimulus, integration center, effector

Answer 190

sensory neuron, receptor, integration center, motor neuron, effector

Answer 191

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, pre-ganglionic, postganglionic, effector

Answer 192

stimulus, receptor, cerebellum, motor neuron, effector

Answer 193

pre-ganglionic, postganglionic, stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron, integration center

Answer 194

sympathetic preganglionic axons

Answer 195

parasympathetic preganglionic axons

Answer 196

most sensory neurons

Answer 197

sympathetic postganglionic axons

Answer 198

parasympathetic postganglionic axons

Answer 199

we are under parasympathetic dominance most of the time

Answer 200

thermoregulation is a parasympathetic-only function

Answer 201

parasympathetic can override sympathetic under most conditions

Answer 202

the heart is under sympathetic dominance most of the time

Answer 203

most of the ANS control comes from the cerebral cortex

Answer 204

sensation is defined as approximately 1% of the total stimuli

Answer 205

all motor neuron cell bodies are in the CNS

Answer 206

reducing blood glucose level is due to sympathetic activity

Answer 207

100% of sensation normally reaches the sensory cortex

Answer 208

fight/flight activity causes decreased norepinephrine release

Answer 209

chemoreceptor

Answer 210

visceroceptor

Answer 211

pressoceptor

Answer 212

exteroceptor

Answer 213

nociceptor

Answer 214

they fire IPSPs when a muscle is stretched

Answer 215

they are a form of pressure receptor

Answer 216

send information to the cerebellum

Answer 217

they fire an action potential when the muscle is relaxed

Answer 218

considered to be the same as a golgi tendon organ

Answer 219

muscle spindle

Answer 220

joint kinesthetic receptor

Answer 221

photoreceptor

Answer 222

golgi tendon organ

Answer 223

itch receptor

Answer 224

Ruffini's corpuscle

Answer 225

Meisner corpuscle

Answer 226

Merkel disc

Answer 227

nociceptor

Answer 228

there are a total of 31 spinal nerves

Answer 229

capillaries in the blood/brain barrier have the thinnest basement membranes

Answer 230

gap junctions are found in blood/brain barrier capillaries

Answer 231

spinal cord columns are gray matter

Answer 232

spinocerebellar tracts inform the cerebellum of body position

Answer 233

hemiplegia can also be called a spinal cord transect

Answer 234

paraplegia always affects the lower limbs

Answer 235

a cord transection in the T5 region results in quadriplegia

Answer 236

paraplegia can affect either the upper or lower limbs

Answer 237

none of these is true

Answer 238

it is a compound but not a molecule

Answer 239

does not participate in chemical reactions

Answer 240

called cytoplasm if found intercellularly

Answer 241

none is true

Answer 242

hallux - little finger

Answer 243

sural - calf

Answer 244

popliteal - elbow

Answer 245

crural - forehead

Answer 246

brachial - forearm

Answer 247

RNA is produced in the cytoplasm and used in the nucleus

Answer 248

damage to DNA in one liver cell will kill the liver

Answer 249

RNA is nice to have in a cell, but not necessary

Answer 250

RNA must not be damaged or the cell will die

Answer 251

damage to DNA is potentially deadly to a cell

Answer 252

an organic compound

Answer 253

phospholipid

Answer 254

triglyceride

Answer 255

amino acids

Answer 256

epigastric

Answer 257

hypochondriac

Answer 258

hypogastric

Answer 259

voltage is chemical kinetic energy

Answer 260

membrane potential is considered kinetic energy

Answer 261

membrane potential is a form of mechanical energy

Answer 262

membrane potential is an osmotic process

Answer 263

a semipermeable membrane is required for membrane potential

Answer 264

the brain is found in the ventral cavity

Answer 265

a reasonable name for the ventral cavity could be: inferior cavity

Answer 266

the thoracic cavity is interior to the abdominal cavity

Answer 267

the ventral cavity is superior to the dorsal cavity

Answer 268

the dorsal cavity is posterior to the ventral cavity

Answer 269

AB --> A + B is an example of an exergonic reaction

Answer 270

CD --> C + D is a synthesis reaction

Answer 271

A + B --> AB is a decomposition reaction

Answer 272

A+B+C+D --> AB + CD is an exchange reaction

Answer 273

an single enzyme catalyzes many different reaction types

Answer 274

the term "polyunsaturated" means many double covalent bonds

Answer 275

saturated fat - contain no oxygen at all

Answer 276

triglycerides contain a fatty acid plus 3 glycerols

Answer 277

phospholipids are charged at the lipid end

Answer 278

neutral fat - contains only charged phospholipid

Answer 279

glucose is considered a compound and contains oxygen

Answer 280

an organelle is the smallest living structure in the body

Answer 281

enzymes are alive but antibodies are not

Answer 282

antibodies are considered living organic compounds

Answer 283

DNA is an inorganic compound

Answer 284

the cell membrane is typically impermeable to everything except opxygen

Answer 285

cell membranes are composed mostly of triglycerides and some cholesterol

Answer 286

cell membranes are constructed of phosphocholesterol

Answer 287

phosphotriglycerides are required to stabilize the membrane

Answer 288

plasma membrane pores are transmembrane proteins

Answer 289

olecranal - hand

Answer 290

femoral - leg

Answer 291

acromial - point of the elbow

Answer 292

cubital - heel

Answer 293

pollex - thumb

Answer 294

all are structural

Answer 295

osmosis requires ATP under some circumstances

Answer 296

high solute concentration results in high osmotic pressure

Answer 297

the Na/K pump is a form of facilitated diffusion

Answer 298

osmosis is the bulk transport of water

Answer 299

water wants to move away from solutes

Answer 300

maintaining a set point is characteristic of negative feedback

Answer 301

most normal control mechanisms are positive feedback

Answer 302

blood pressure is under positive feedback control

Answer 303

sweating when too cold is an example of negative feedback

Answer 304

homeostatic imbalance is usually a form of negative feedback

Answer 305

manus - hand

Answer 306

mental - forehead

Answer 307

fibular - part of the forearm

Answer 308

leg - antebrachium

Answer 309

caudal - another name for foot

Answer 310

cholesterol is required to convert an enzyme to fat

Answer 311

sucrase is an example of a carbohydrase

Answer 312

most lipids are inorganic

Answer 313

organic glucose is better for you than inorganic glucose

Answer 314

amino acids are inorganics that contain nitrogen

Answer 315

life processes require a fast rate of chemical reactions

Answer 316

people survive longer than normal without oxygen IF their body has been rapidly warmed

Answer 317

cold will increase the rate of diffusion

Answer 318

higher solute concentration means slower chemical rates

Answer 319

smaller particle size means slower chemical reaction rates

Answer 320

desmosomes can be found in the skin

Answer 321

tight junctions are found in the heart

Answer 322

microvilli are attached to the cell by tight junctions

Answer 323

desmosomes possess connexons

Answer 324

microvilli increase membrane potential

Answer 325

similar charges are attracted to each other

Answer 326

6 electrons are being shared in a triple covalent bond

Answer 327

weight is always the same as mass

Answer 328

opposite charges repel each other

Answer 329

hydrogen bonds are stronger than ionic bonds

Answer 330

increasing particle size will increase the reaction rate

Answer 331

active membrane transport is powered by ADP

Answer 332

enzymes are necessary for all forms of membrane transport

Answer 333

phagocytosis is a good example of an active process

Answer 334

called passive if the substance goes up its concentration gradient

Answer 335

a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution will gain net water

Answer 336

a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution will stay the same size

Answer 337

a red blood cell in a hypotonic solution will look like a raisin

Answer 338

a red blood cell in an isotonic solution will gain water

Answer 339

a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution will shrink

Answer 340

meninges are found in the dorsal cavity

Answer 341

parietal peritoneum is found covering an organ

Answer 342

parietal pleura lines the inside of the lungs

Answer 343

visceral pericardium covers the lung

Answer 344

pleural membranes are found on the heart

Answer 345

parasagittal and transverse

Answer 346

midsagittal and frontal

Answer 347

frontal and transverse

Answer 348

parasagittal and frontal

Answer 349

frontal, sagittal, and transverse

Answer 350

a proton is an anion

Answer 351

chemical synthesis is an endergonic process

Answer 352

triglyceride contains one phosphate plus 2 fatty acids

Answer 353

bulk transport is an exergonic process

Answer 354

triglyceride could be called an anion

Answer 355

peripheral proteins are involved in cell recognition

Answer 356

some integral proteins are involved in cell recognition

Answer 357

proteins "float" in the phospholipid bilayer

Answer 358

peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the membrane

Answer 359

all of these are correct

Answer 360

palms face posteriorly

Answer 361

hands are on the midline

Answer 362

heels are pointed laterally

Answer 363

head is facing dorsally

Answer 364

the little finger is medial to the thumb

Answer 365

lipids contain much oxygen

Answer 366

monosaccharides are also called simple sugars

Answer 367

sucrose is an example of a polysaccharide

Answer 368

maltose is a sucrose monosaccharide

Answer 369

testosterone is a steroid enzyme

Answer 370

the frontal plane physically divides the body into equal right and left parts

Answer 371

a transverse plane physically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 372

a parasagittal plane physically divides the heart into equal halves

Answer 373

a frontal plane could go through the nose

Answer 374

a microscope is used to view plane

Answer 375

right hypochondriac region is in the lower right quadrant

Answer 376

left iliac region is superior to left lumbar region

Answer 377

right lumbar region is lateral to umbilical region

Answer 378

epigastric region is inferior to the hypochondriac region

Answer 379

lumbar region is superior to hypochondriac region

Answer 380

monosaccharide

Answer 381

triglyceride

Answer 382

the hand is medial to the thorax

Answer 383

the knees are inferior

Answer 384

the eyes are superior

Answer 385

the carpal is distal to the olecranal

Answer 386

the wrist is proximal to the elbow

Answer 387

cold typically causes it

Answer 388

cooling the protein will reverse the denaturation

Answer 389

affects all levels of protein structure except primary

Answer 390

covalent bonds are always broken

Answer 391

a pH of 7.0 will probably cause denaturation

Answer 392

stomach and intestines

Answer 393

lungs and heart

Answer 394

spinal cord and trachea

Answer 395

all are true

Answer 396

sweating starts as body temperature rises

Answer 397

heart rate decreases when body activity level decreases

Answer 398

rising blood glucose causes increased insulin release

Answer 399

heart rate rises when exercise level increases

Answer 400

the air conditioner starts when the room becomes cold

Answer 401

the membrane is permeable to water

Answer 402

osmotic pressure will rise if we cut a hole in the membrane

Answer 403

more water will move toward the dilute side

Answer 404

solutes are moving through the membrane

Answer 405

osmotic pressure will rise if we make the membrane fully permeable

Answer 406

exocytosis requires ATP

Answer 407

visceral membranes are a form of meninges

Answer 408

all cells have the same shape

Answer 409

high metabolism means slow rates of chemical reactions

Answer 410

synthesizing RNA is an exergonic process

Answer 411

RNA is a single stranded sequence of amino acids

Answer 412

hydrogen bonds form the primary structure of DNA

Answer 413

only covalent bonds are found in DNA

Answer 414

hydrogen bonds are found in tertiary protein structure

Answer 415

RNA is held together by H-bonds

Answer 416

they bond water molecules to each other

Answer 417

easily broken by heat and acid

Answer 418

can be found in the structure of RNA

Answer 419

created when one atom takes an electron from another

Answer 420

an example is the attraction between sodium and chloride ions

Answer 421

the substance is an enzyme

Answer 422

we use the term to describe phospholipids

Answer 423

the material is an enzyme built from lipid

Answer 424

it is used to describe each RNA strand

Answer 425

none is correct

Answer 426

contains adenine and guanine

Answer 427

contains special covalent bonds called peptide bonds

Answer 428

is more complex than DNA

Answer 429

contains thymine

Answer 430

RNA is produced in the cytoplasm

Answer 431

suspension

Answer 432

none is true

Answer 433

all organic molecules contain protons

Answer 434

the hydrogen nucleus contains 1 proton and 1 neutron

Answer 435

smaller atoms have smaller electrons

Answer 436

protons in lithium are larger than protons in sodium

Answer 437

all elements contain neutrons

Answer 438

bases are always organic

Answer 439

a hydrogen ion can also be called a proton

Answer 440

a base is a compound that accepts sodium ions

Answer 441

acids are always organic

Answer 442

a potassium donor can be called an acid

Answer 443

they would be called a cellular anatomist

Answer 444

their field of study is cell physiology

Answer 445

we might consider them to be a gross anatomist

Answer 446

they would be a microscopic anatomist

Answer 447

none is true

Answer 448

there is a slight deviation from a set point

Answer 449

negative feedback is causing a disease state

Answer 450

positive feedback is usually present

Answer 451

the body is heading toward a set point

Answer 452

none is true

Answer 453

inferior - also called caudal

Answer 454

superior - away from the head

Answer 455

lateral - toward the midline of the body

Answer 456

intermediate - on the midline

Answer 457

proximal - father away from the body trunk

Answer 458

connects nucleotides together in RNA

Answer 459

connects the carbons together with glucose

Answer 460

repels the hydrogen end of one water from the oxygen end of another water

Answer 461

links amino acids in primary protein structre

Answer 462

connect the two strands of a DNA molecule to each oer

Answer 463

small substances like oxygen require specific transmembrane pores

Answer 464

oxygen can move directly through a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 465

facilitated diffusion protein carriers require ATP

Answer 466

glucose moves by active diffusion

Answer 467

water moves easily though impermeable membranes

Answer 468

more water will leave the cell than enter it

Answer 469

solutes will move from the cell into the solution

Answer 470

solutes will move into the cell while water leaves the cell

Answer 471

solutes will move from the solution into the cell

Answer 472

more water will enter the cell than leave it

Answer 473

simple squamous

Answer 474

simple cuboidal

Answer 475

simple columnar

Answer 476

pseudostratified

Answer 477

transitional

Answer 478

dense irregular

Answer 479

dense regular

Answer 480

areolar connective tissue

Answer 481

white fibrous

Answer 482

microvilli are a characteristic of pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 483

microvilli are found on all epithelial cells

Answer 484

goblet cells are found in transitional epithelium

Answer 485

glandular epithelium is considered to be stratified cuboidal

Answer 486

stratified columnar is relatively rare

Answer 487

simple squamous

Answer 488

stratified squamous

Answer 489

stratified cuboidal

Answer 490

transitional

Answer 491

stratified columnar

Answer 492

protection

Answer 493

calcium production

Answer 494

fat storage

Answer 495

blood cell formation

Answer 496

smooth and skeletal

Answer 497

only skeletal

Answer 498

cardiac and smooth

Answer 499

skeletal and cardiac

Answer 500

skeletal and smooth

Answer 501

macrophages

Answer 502

chondrocytes

Answer 503

the hypodermis is the innermost layer of the skin

Answer 504

it is a form of serous membrane

Answer 505

the papillary layer is superficial to the epidermis

Answer 506

it is also called a mucosal membrane

Answer 507

it is considered an epithelial membrane

Answer 508

granulosum

Answer 509

the ribosome

Answer 510

keratinocytes

Answer 511

fibroblasts

Answer 512

hemocytoblasts

Answer 513

langerhan's cells

Answer 514

melanocytes

Answer 515

the RNA that coded for the protein was 203 nucleotides long

Answer 516

there were 201 codons in the mRNA that coded for the protein

Answer 517

it required 199 polyribosomes to make the protein

Answer 518

each tRNA must have possessed 201 anti-codons

Answer 519

each ribosome was 201 codons long

Answer 520

holocrine glands secrete by exocytosis

Answer 521

sebaceous cells die when they secrete

Answer 522

sudoriferous glands are found mostly in the axillary and pubic areas

Answer 523

most endocrine glands perform holocrine secretion

Answer 524

goblet cells possess small multicellular ducts

Answer 525

apocrine only

Answer 526

eccrine only

Answer 527

apocrine and eccrine

Answer 528

apocrine and sebaceous

Answer 529

sebaceous and eccrine

Answer 530

goblet cells are the smallest of the multicellular glands

Answer 531

unicellular glands can be found in some simple columnar epithelia

Answer 532

multicellular glands are often called transitional

Answer 533

endocrine glands are typically simple coiled tubular

Answer 534

goblet cells are part of all mucosal membranes

Answer 535

lacunae are the solid layers of calcified tissue found in bone

Answer 536

the central canal contains the largest osteocytes

Answer 537

perforating canals are found in hyaline cartilage

Answer 538

hyaline cartilage contains the lowest number of collagen fibers

Answer 539

canaliculi contain microscopic blood vessels and nerves

Answer 540

possesses a keratinized epithelium

Answer 541

integument lines cavities open to the outside environment

Answer 542

it is important in calcium production

Answer 543

consists of 3 layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

Answer 544

dense regular CT gives it it's strength

Answer 545

hematopoietic tissue in adults is found in most long bones

Answer 546

the epiphyseal plate is characteristic of bones in children

Answer 547

perforating fibers connect the endosteum to the bone

Answer 548

endosteum consists entirely of osteoblasts

Answer 549

periosteum lines the cavities within bone

Answer 550

the osteogenic layer contains only osteoblasts

Answer 551

endosteum contains only osteoclasts

Answer 552

another name for spongy bone in flat bones is diploe

Answer 553

hyaline cartilage lines the medullary cavity

Answer 554

the fibrous layer of the periosteum mostly consists of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 555

dense irregular

Answer 556

dense regular

Answer 557

red marrow is found in the osteons of infants

Answer 558

fetal bone contains a larger percentage inorganic materials than adult bone

Answer 559

lacunae are the solid rings of the bone found in Haversian systems

Answer 560

perforating canals run in the same direction as osteons

Answer 561

east osteon contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 562

gene transcription must occur

Answer 563

tRNAs must match up with codons

Answer 564

mRNA must leave the nucleus

Answer 565

rRNA must be available

Answer 566

all are true

Answer 567

condyle - flat articular surface

Answer 568

epicondyle - pointed articular surface

Answer 569

process - rounded articular projection

Answer 570

foramen - depression in bone

Answer 571

none is correctly matched

Answer 572

endosteal destruction is faster in osteomalacia

Answer 573

osteoporosis is also called "soft bones"

Answer 574

the chemical compositions of bone in osteoporosis is normal

Answer 575

remodeling occurs before the formation of the bony callus

Answer 576

rickets is a form of osteoporosis in children

Answer 577

skeletal muscle is lightly striated

Answer 578

cardiac muscle cells possess many nuclei

Answer 579

smooth muscle is called "smooth" because the cell lacks striations

Answer 580

intercalated discs are a feature of smooth muscle

Answer 581

all of these are true

Answer 582

osteoid is inorganic

Answer 583

osteocytes are part of the inorganic components of bone

Answer 584

35% of bone composition is inorganic

Answer 585

65% of bone composition is organic

Answer 586

bone can withstand 15,000 PSI tension

Answer 587

trabeculae are part of compact bone

Answer 588

appositional growth is from within

Answer 589

all bones continue to grow throughout life

Answer 590

there are always exactly 206 bones in the skeleton

Answer 591

the girdles are part of the appendicular system

Answer 592

arrector pilli are a form of involuntary muscle

Answer 593

a tiny skeletal muscle is connected to each hair follicle

Answer 594

the connective tissue root sheath is in contact with the hair

Answer 595

the hair is a dermal derrivative

Answer 596

vellus hairs are thick coarse hairs

Answer 597

chromatin is tightly coiled DNA

Answer 598

DNA polymerase produces the mRNA strand

Answer 599

the nucleus is found within the nucleolus

Answer 600

a polyribosome consists of one mRNA with many ribosomes on it

Answer 601

DNA is in the chromosome form during translation

Answer 602

tuberosity

Answer 603

epicondyle

Answer 604

PTH is part of mechanical remodeling

Answer 605

PTH stimulates osteoblast activity

Answer 606

PTH causes decreased blood calcium

Answer 607

PTH stimulates osteoclast activity

Answer 608

PTH does not have much of a function in humans

Answer 609

tuberosity

Answer 610

trochanter

Answer 611

epicondyle

Answer 612

None is correct

Answer 613

the costal cartilages are elastic

Answer 614

respiratory cartilages are formed of fibrocartilage

Answer 615

the external ear is hyaline cartilage

Answer 616

intervertebral discs are elastic cartilage

Answer 617

the menisci of the knee are fibrocartilage

Answer 618

Langerhans - chemical protection

Answer 619

sweat - physical barrier

Answer 620

squamous cells - chemical barrier

Answer 621

fibroblasts - found in the dermis

Answer 622

none of these are correctly paired

Answer 623

stratum granulosum

Answer 624

stratum spinosum

Answer 625

stratum basale

Answer 626

stratum corneum

Answer 627

stratum lucidum

Answer 628

bony callus

Answer 629

fibrocartilage callus

Answer 630

remodeling

Answer 631

macrophages are not involved in repair

Answer 632

their outer surface is positively charged and their inner surface is negatively charged

Answer 633

they always have a basal surface and an apical surface

Answer 634

their outer surface is negatively charged and their inner surface is positively charged

Answer 635

they are hydrophilic

Answer 636

they contain phospholipids

Answer 637

all types of epithelial tissue stay together like sheets

Answer 638

cilia move things along the surface and are made of microfilaments

Answer 639

all connective tissue is very vascular

Answer 640

cartilage is vascular but has no nerve supply

Answer 641

none of these are true

Answer 642

meatus - slit like opening

Answer 643

fossa - canal-like passage

Answer 644

foramen - furrow

Answer 645

groove - indentation at the edge of a structure

Answer 646

fossa - shallow depression

Answer 647

epithelial root sheath

Answer 648

nail matrix

Answer 649

connective root sheath

Answer 650

eponychium

Answer 651

most common sweat gland

Answer 652

simple coiled tubular gland

Answer 653

empties into a hair follicle

Answer 654

performs merocrine secretion

Answer 655

functions in thermoregulation

Answer 656

None of these is correct

Answer 657

centrioles

Answer 658

cytokinesis

Answer 659

reticular layer

Answer 660

hypodermis

Answer 661

papillary layer

Answer 662

fibrous layer

Answer 663

typically consists of closely packed cells

Answer 664

there is much ground substance and few cells

Answer 665

vascularity of epithelia varies

Answer 666

there are four basic cell shapes

Answer 667

stratified columnar is a common form of epithelium

Answer 668

mitosis is the longest part of the cell cycle

Answer 669

DNA is synthesized during mitosis

Answer 670

DNA is duplicated during the G phase of the cell cycle

Answer 671

cytokinesis is called division of the cytoplasm

Answer 672

cells only perform their normal functions during mitosis

Answer 673

primary and secondary ossification occurs in endochondral formation

Answer 674

primary ossification occurs later than secondary

Answer 675

the epiphyseal line is a characteristic of fetal bone

Answer 676

primary ossification occurs in the epiphysis

Answer 677

most long bones form by intramembranous ossification

Answer 678

light only needs to go through myosin in the H-zone

Answer 679

light only needs to go through actin in the H-zone

Answer 680

the H-zone proteins are thinner than I-band proteins

Answer 681

of overlapping sarcomeres

Answer 682

actin plus myosin overlap in the H-zone

Answer 683

pectoralis major

Answer 684

brachioradialis

Answer 685

adductor longus

Answer 686

biceps femoris

Answer 687

calmodulin

Answer 688

possesses mitochondria

Answer 689

contains sarcoplasm

Answer 690

sarcomeres

Answer 691

tropomyosin is moved by troponin

Answer 692

sodium gates open

Answer 693

split ATP to ADP

Answer 694

calcium gates open

Answer 695

myosin grabs actin

Answer 696

the fibula bears only half the weight that the tibia does

Answer 697

of the two condyles of the tibia, fibula is closest to the medial condyle

Answer 698

the fibula is triangular in cross section

Answer 699

the patellar notch is found on the femur

Answer 700

medial malleolus is on the fibula

Answer 701

sacroiliac joint is between sacrum and L5

Answer 702

iliac fossa is the socket of the hip

Answer 703

phalanges are classified as short bones

Answer 704

the tarsus contains the talus

Answer 705

ischial tuberosity is part of the femur

Answer 706

sodium gates in the sarcolemma would remain open

Answer 707

the all-or-none response would not occur

Answer 708

ATP would be depleted (to zero) in the neuron

Answer 709

the motor neuron would not be able to generate an impulse

Answer 710

the muscle cell would not be able to contract

Answer 711

femur - largest bone in the upper limb

Answer 712

radius - head is distal

Answer 713

acromion - found on scapula

Answer 714

carpus - palm

Answer 715

fibula - proximal end possesses two condyles

Answer 716

weight that the muscle moves

Answer 717

distance from effort to resistance

Answer 718

point on which a lever moves

Answer 719

area where the muscle attaches

Answer 720

multi-unit - small intestine

Answer 721

multi-unit - large intestine

Answer 722

multi-unit - stomach

Answer 723

multi-unit - blood vessel wall

Answer 724

single unit - iris of the eye

Answer 725

actin shortens

Answer 726

neither actin nor myosin shortens

Answer 727

ACh activates diffuse junctions

Answer 728

both actin and myosin shorten

Answer 729

myosin shortens

Answer 730

long fibers in a second class lever system

Answer 731

short fibers attached close to the fulcrum of a third class lever system

Answer 732

long fibers in a first class lever system

Answer 733

long fibers attached close to the fulcrum in a third class lever system

Answer 734

short fibers in a mechanical advantage lever system

Answer 735

perpendicular plate - ethmoid

Answer 736

parietal - posterior inferior part of the skull

Answer 737

sphenoid - tympanic region

Answer 738

sphenoid - foramen magnum

Answer 739

frontal - forms most of the cranium

Answer 740

myofibers possess a wrapper called epimysium

Answer 741

endomysium surrounds individual myofibrils

Answer 742

endomysium covers fascicles

Answer 743

perimysium wraps fascicles

Answer 744

epimysium directly wraps fascicles

Answer 745

the size of the muscle cell (larger diameter means better control)

Answer 746

motor units designed with many muscle cells per unit

Answer 747

a single neuron innervating an entire muscle

Answer 748

the largest number of neuron endings per motor unit

Answer 749

muscles with 4 muscle cells per motor unit

Answer 750

gomphoses are an example of a diarthrotic joint

Answer 751

diarthroses are synovial

Answer 752

fibrous joints are amphiarthroses

Answer 753

sutures are considered amphiarthrotic

Answer 754

synarthroses are considered to be slightly movable

Answer 755

vertebrae possess processes

Answer 756

pedicles are located at the base of the spinous processes

Answer 757

the transverse process is on the midline of the vertebral body

Answer 758

the vertebral arch bears most of the weight

Answer 759

the vertebral foramen is posterior to the vertebral arch

Answer 760

calcaneus possesses the lateral malleolus

Answer 761

talus is the heel

Answer 762

two large carpals support the weight of the body

Answer 763

Achilles tendon attaches to the calcaneus

Answer 764

metatarsus is the palm

Answer 765

elastic cartilage is found at the anterior midline of the pelvis

Answer 766

the ischium is the largest flaring part of the pelvis

Answer 767

the tibial tuberosity is a feature of the femur

Answer 768

the heads of the metatarsals are the "knuckles" of a fist

Answer 769

none is true

Answer 770

bursae are wrapped around tendons

Answer 771

the fibrous capsule of a tendon sheath is formed of dense regular CT

Answer 772

synovial membrane forms the superficial layer of a bursa

Answer 773

bursae are fibrous sacs filled with synovial fluid

Answer 774

tendon sheaths are built like synarthroses

Answer 775

ankle - is part of the leg

Answer 776

fibula - rotates

Answer 777

head of femur - distal

Answer 778

medial malleolus - part of the fibula

Answer 779

radius - lateral bone in anatomical position

Answer 780

gluteus medius

Answer 781

tibialis anterior

Answer 782

levator ventralis

Answer 783

temporalis

Answer 784

calcium is not available for the power stroke

Answer 785

ATP is not available to release calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 786

ATP is not available to detach myosin from actin

Answer 787

ATP is not available to reset the myosin ATPase

Answer 788

ATP is not available to attach myosin to actin

Answer 789

diarthrosis and amphiarthrosis

Answer 790

synarthrosis and diarthrosis

Answer 791

synarthrosis only

Answer 792

amphiarthrosis only

Answer 793

amphiarthrosis and synarthrosis

Answer 794

riding a bicycle for a full day

Answer 795

lifting a book

Answer 796

running a marathon

Answer 797

walking carefully so that you do not become fatigued

Answer 798

unsuccessfully trying to lift a weight

Answer 799

calcium gates in the SR are open

Answer 800

sodium gates are closed

Answer 801

ACh diffuses into the sarcoplasm

Answer 802

calmodulin has moved out of the way

Answer 803

Z-discs are shortening

Answer 804

load in the middle, effort and fulcrum at either end

Answer 805

fulcrum and effort together at one end and load at the other

Answer 806

effort in the middle, fulcrum and load at either end

Answer 807

load and effort together at one end and fulcrum at the other

Answer 808

fulcrum in the middle and effort and resistance at either end

Answer 809

the distal attachment of a muscle to a structure

Answer 810

any attachment of muscle to bone

Answer 811

the attachment of a muscle to a structure that will be moving

Answer 812

the proximal attachment of a muscle to a structure

Answer 813

the attachment of a muscle to the stationary structure

Answer 814

petrous portion

Answer 815

the fibers would become less red in color

Answer 816

small red fibers would be transformed into intermediate fibers

Answer 817

the number of mitochondria in the fibers would decrease

Answer 818

the number of myofilaments in the fibers would increase

Answer 819

cell diameter would decrease

Answer 820

location in the body

Answer 821

origin and insertion points

Answer 822

all of these are correct

Answer 823

they contract to 70% of their resting length

Answer 824

a long muscle cell is stronger than a short muscle cell

Answer 825

partial contraction is possible if there is a small amount of neurotransmitter released

Answer 826

they are graded rather than all-or-none

Answer 827

a short muscle cell is stronger than a long muscle cell

Answer 828

involved in foot movement

Answer 829

turns palm anteriorly

Answer 830

named for its size

Answer 831

names for its shape

Answer 832

turns palm posteriorly

Answer 833

the pelvis is the girdle for the lower limb

Answer 834

the femur is part of the leg

Answer 835

digit 1 is formed of three bones

Answer 836

the radius is part of the arm

Answer 837

none of these are correct

Answer 838

the thin and thick areas of the sarcolemma

Answer 839

the stretching of the connective tissues

Answer 840

the shadow of the Z-disc

Answer 841

the way troponin and tropomyosin interact

Answer 842

the way that actin and myosin filaments overlap

Answer 843

transverse - runs from ankle to toe

Answer 844

medial longitudinal - arches higher than the lateral longitudinal

Answer 845

medial longitudinal - same side as digit 5

Answer 846

lateral longitudinal - same side as digit 1

Answer 847

all of these are true

Answer 848

petrous region of maxilla forms the bridge of the nose

Answer 849

vomer does not articulate with any other bone

Answer 850

palatine is the posterior 1/3 of the soft palate

Answer 851

sphenoid contains hypophyseal fossa

Answer 852

perpendicular plate is about the size of a fingernail

Answer 853

vertebrosternal ribs are attached posteriorly to the sternum

Answer 854

vertebrosternal ribs are in between vertebrochondral and vertebral ribs

Answer 855

vertebrosternal ribs are the last 5 pair

Answer 856

floating ribs articulate posteriorly with lumbar vertebrae

Answer 857

the number of thoracic vertebrae typically does not vary from one person to the next

Answer 858

activate wave summation

Answer 859

applying more ACh to the synaptic cleft

Answer 860

stimulating the existing motor units more rapidly

Answer 861

stimulating the muscle cells to contract with more force

Answer 862

activating additional motor units

Answer 863

motor units and myofibers

Answer 864

whole muscle

Answer 865

muscle cells only

Answer 866

motor units and myofilaments

Answer 867

motor units only

Answer 868

sodium endocytosis begins

Answer 869

sarcoplasmic calcium level rises

Answer 870

there is a dramatic decrease in ATP consumption

Answer 871

it's voltage-senstive sodium gates open

Answer 872

the myofiber pumps calcium into the interstitial area

Answer 873

brachioradialis

Answer 874

triceps femoris

Answer 875

triceps brachii

Answer 876

biceps brachii

Answer 877

the joint capsule is formed of dense regular connective tissue

Answer 878

reinforcing ligaments are always found inside joints

Answer 879

the synovial membrane contains areolar connective tissue

Answer 880

the joint cavity is filled with hyaline cartilage

Answer 881

articular cartilage is usually fibrocartilage for strength reasons

Answer 882

myofiber and all the neurons it stimulates

Answer 883

nerve and all the muscle cells it stimulates

Answer 884

neuron and all the myofilaments it stimulates

Answer 885

neuron and all the myofibers it stimulates

Answer 886

group of muscles working together

Answer 887

two parietal bones on the midline of the skull

Answer 888

parietals and temporals

Answer 889

frontal and parietals

Answer 890

temporal and frontal

Answer 891

none is true

Answer 892

convergent

Answer 893

unipennate

Answer 894

multipennate

Answer 895

calcium will quickly flood the sarcoplasm

Answer 896

the neuron would no longer produce ACh

Answer 897

the neuron would not be capable of firing

Answer 898

voltage sensitive gates in the S.R. would not open

Answer 899

sodium would immediately enter the muscle cell

Answer 900

contains troponin

Answer 901

does not respond to ACh

Answer 902

contains Z-discs

Answer 903

the stress-relaxation response is a characteristic

Answer 904

the cells are multinucleate

Answer 905

nodding the head is a function of the atlas moving on the axis

Answer 906

the posterior inferior part of the coxal bone is called the ilium

Answer 907

trochlea is found on the ulna

Answer 908

the intervertebral foramen contains the spinal cord

Answer 909

maxillary bones are fused along the midline

	Criado por Mary Roth quase 9 anos atrás

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A&P 227 Exam 6

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