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Chapter 23

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3410 Anatomy Quiz sobre Chapter 23, criado por Avi Chudasama em 15-12-2015.
Avi Chudasama
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
In life-threatening starvation, the kidneys synthesize glucose by
Responda
  • Secreting erythropoietin
  • Secreting rennin
  • Deaminating amino acids
  • Producing uric acid
  • Contributing to calcium homeostasis

Questão 2

Questão
This byproduct of protein catabolism constitutes approximately one-half of
Responda
  • Ammonia
  • Azotemia
  • Uric acid
  • Creatinine
  • Urea

Questão 3

Questão
Which organ system does not excrete waste?
Responda
  • The urinary system
  • The respiratory system
  • The digestive system
  • The integumentary system
  • The cardiovascular system

Questão 4

Questão
Which is not a function of the kidneys?
Responda
  • They regulate osmolarity of the body fluids
  • They fight osteoporosis by synthesizing vitamin D
  • They help control blood pressure
  • They release waste into the bloodstream
  • They indirectly increase oxyhemoglobin

Questão 5

Questão
Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?
Responda
  • Urethra
  • Collecting duct
  • Ureter
  • Urinary bladder
  • Kidney

Questão 6

Questão
A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident. He complains of midback pain. X rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures. His emergency room examination includes urinalysis. Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident, but not to the urinary bladder?
Responda
  • Pyuria
  • Hematuria
  • Albuminuria
  • Uremia
  • Phenylketonuria

Questão 7

Questão
The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as
Responda
  • The perirenal fat capsule
  • The renal fascia
  • The hilum
  • The fibrous capsule
  • The renal medulla

Questão 8

Questão
A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of
Responda
  • Two calyces and a renal pelvis
  • One pyramid and the overlying cortex
  • One major calyx and all of its minor calyces
  • A renal medulla and two renal columns
  • One collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Questão 9

Questão
A renal pyramid voids urine into
Responda
  • The minor calyx
  • The major calyx
  • The renal medulla
  • The renal papilla
  • The ureter

Questão 10

Questão
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal artery into the renal cortex?
Responda
  • Arcuate a. → interlobar a. → arfferent arteriole → interlobular a.
  • Interlobar a. → interlobular a. → segmental a. → arcuate a.
  • Segmental a. → interlobar a. → arcuate a. → interlobular a.
  • Afferent arteriole → interlobular a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a.
  • Segmental a. → arcuate a. → interlobar a. → interlobular a.

Questão 11

Questão
The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the:
Responda
  • Glomerulus
  • Medulla
  • Cortical radiate veins
  • Peritubular capillaries
  • Vasa recta

Questão 12

Questão
The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney
Responda
  • 1.2 million
  • 2.4 Million
  • 3.6 million
  • 5.6 million
  • 4.8 million

Questão 13

Questão
Which of these correctly traces blood flow from the renal cortex to the renal vein?
Responda
  • interlobular v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • arcuate v. → interlobar v. → segmental v. → renal v.
  • interlobar v. → interlobular v. → arcuate v. → renal v.
  • segmental v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.
  • interlobular v. → arcuate v. → interlobar v. → renal v.

Questão 14

Questão
Blood plasma is filtered in
Responda
  • The renal tubule
  • The renal corpuscle
  • The renal capsule
  • The renal column
  • The renal calyx

Questão 15

Questão
Which of these form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?
Responda
  • Macula densa cells
  • Mesangial cells
  • Nephrocytes
  • Podocytes
  • Monocytes

Questão 16

Questão
All of the following are composed of cuboidal epithelium with the exception of
Responda
  • The thin segment of the nephron loop
  • The thick segment of the nephron loop
  • The collecting duct
  • The proximal convoluted tubule
  • The distal convoluted tubule

Questão 17

Questão
Which are primarily responsible for maintain the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
Responda
  • Cortical nephrons
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
  • Collecting ducts
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convoluted tubules

Questão 18

Questão
In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as
Responda
  • Plasma
  • Glomerular filtrate
  • Tubular Fluid
  • Renal filtrate
  • Medullary filtrate

Questão 19

Questão
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen released from the _______ to form angiotensin I
Responda
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Spleen

Questão 20

Questão
Because of the great deal of active transport that occurs here, the _______ of all the nephrons collectively account for about 6% of one's daily resting ATP and caloric consumption
Responda
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Distal convolutes tubules
  • Loops of Henle
  • Collecting ducts
  • Glomeruli

Questão 21

Questão
Proximal convoluted tubules are responsible for reabsorbing all of the following except:
Responda
  • Potassium
  • Sodium Chloride
  • Hydrogen Ions
  • Urea
  • Water

Questão 22

Questão
Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces blood volume and pressure by all of the following means except
Responda
  • Increasing glomerular filtration rate
  • Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion
  • Inhibiting the action of ADH on the kidney
  • Inhibiting NaCl reabsorption by the collecting duct
  • Preventing sodium loss in the urine

Questão 23

Questão
Hypocalcemia stimulates
Responda
  • A decrease in aldosterone production
  • Secretion of parathyroid hormone
  • Secretion of renin
  • An increase in blood urea nitrogen
  • Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles

Questão 24

Questão
Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?
Responda
  • Collecting Ducts
  • Glomerulus
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Nephron loop

Questão 25

Questão
The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when
Responda
  • The body's water volume is high
  • The body's pH is low
  • The output of antidiuretic hormone is high
  • The output of natriuretic peptides is high
  • A person is lost and deprived of drinking water the body's water volume is high

Questão 26

Questão
Which of the following does not contribute to water conservation?
Responda
  • The collecting duct
  • The countercurrent multiplier
  • The length of the nephrons
  • Diuretics
  • The countercurrent exchange system

Questão 27

Questão
The countercurrent multiplier recaptures ________ and is based on fluid flowing in _________ direction in two adjacent tubules
Responda
  • Potassium; the same
  • Calcium; the opposite
  • Calcium; the same
  • Sodium; the opposite
  • Sodium; the same

Questão 28

Questão
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is
Responda
  • To supply salt and urea to the renal medulla
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex
  • To supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex
  • To remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla

Questão 29

Questão
Which of these induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?
Responda
  • Aldosterone
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Parathyroid hormone
  • Norepinephrine
  • Angiotensin II

Questão 30

Questão
Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except:
Responda
  • Creatine
  • Urobilin
  • Glucose
  • Ammonia
  • Magnesium

Questão 31

Questão
What is the term for the pigment responsible for the color of urine?
Responda
  • Monochrome
  • Urochrome
  • Multichrome
  • Cyanochrome
  • Pyuria

Questão 32

Questão
The minimum daily output of urine to meet the definition of polyuria is:
Responda
  • 1.0 L
  • 1.5 L
  • 2.0 L
  • 0.5 L
  • 3.0 L

Questão 33

Questão
Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria, clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of:
Responda
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Acute glomerulonephritis
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Renal calculus
  • Pyelitis

Questão 34

Questão
Loop diuretics reduce body water context by acting on:
Responda
  • The feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
  • The countercurrent multiplier system
  • The countercurrent exchanger system
  • Aquaporins of the collecting duct
  • The thirst mechanism and water intake

Questão 35

Questão
A hospital patient produces 4 mL. min of urine with a urea concentration of 8mg/mL. Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of .4 mg/mL. What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filrate?
Responda
  • 40%
  • 56%
  • 64%
  • 72%
  • 80%

Questão 36

Questão
Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient's glomerular filtration rate?
Responda
  • insulin and glucose
  • inulin and creatinine
  • sodium and water
  • albumin and inulin
  • insulin and urea

Questão 37

Questão
Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min due to the fact that:
Responda
  • it is produced in the pulmonary tissue.
  • it is secreted by the renal tubules.
  • it is absorbed by the renal tubules.
  • it is secreted by the glomerulus.
  • it is absorbed by the loop of Henle.

Questão 38

Questão
Which of the following is not found in the ureter?
Responda
  • Adventitia
  • Two layers of smooth muscle
  • Three layers of smoother muscle
  • Transitional epithelium
  • Skeletal muscle

Questão 39

Questão
Which muscle is located in the bladder?
Responda
  • Detrusor
  • Distractor
  • Pubococcygeus
  • corpus spongiosum
  • corpus cavernosum

Questão 40

Questão
Which is not a portion of the urethra?
Responda
  • external urethral orifice
  • internal urethral sphincter
  • prostatic urethra
  • membraneous urethra
  • spongy urethra

Questão 41

Questão
Micturition is another term for:
Responda
  • the production of nitrogenous wastes
  • glomerular filtration
  • the elimination of urine
  • the countercurrent multiplier process
  • inflammation of the urinary bladder

Questão 42

Questão
The ureters pass anterior to the bladder and enter it from below
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 43

Questão
Albuminuria is a common sign of diabetes mellitus
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 44

Questão
Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 45

Questão
Ethyl (drinking) alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH, thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 46

Questão
Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion by the proximal convoluted tubule as well as promotes synthesis of calcitriol
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 48

Questão
The thick segment of the nephron loop is impermeable to water
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 49

Questão
Glomerular filtration occurs because glomerular oncotic pressure overrides glomerular blood pressure
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 50

Questão
Angiotensin converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 51

Questão
Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 52

Questão
Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 53

Questão
The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 54

Questão
The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes
Responda
  • True
  • False

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