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Animal Biology Practice Exam 1

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Practice Exam for Animal Biology Exam 1: Animal Characteristics, Phylogenetics, Animal Ecology, and Animal Development and Architecture
lsmith181
Quiz por lsmith181, atualizado more than 1 year ago
lsmith181
Criado por lsmith181 quase 9 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Ecology is the study of interactions and relationships of organisms with surrounding biotic and abiotic components.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 2

Questão
The levels of ecology from smallest to largest are: [blank_start]Individual[blank_end] < [blank_start]Population[blank_end] < [blank_start]Community[blank_end] < [blank_start]Ecosystem[blank_end] < [blank_start]Biosphere[blank_end]
Responda
  • Individual
  • Population
  • Community
  • Ecosystem
  • Biosphere

Questão 3

Questão
What is the most important abiotic parameter defining species distribution?
Responda
  • Temperature
  • Habitat
  • Ecological roles
  • Oxygen levels

Questão 4

Questão
What is the ecological "space" a species fills?
Responda
  • Niche
  • Population
  • Community
  • Abiotic parameter
  • Biotic parameter

Questão 5

Questão
Select all the phyla that belong in the animal kingdom:
Responda
  • Porifera
  • Cnidaria
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Nematoda
  • Mollusca
  • Annelida
  • Arthropoda
  • Echinodermata
  • Chordata
  • Pteridophyta

Questão 6

Questão
A [blank_start]diploblast[blank_end] has two germ layers and a [blank_start]triploblast[blank_end] has three germ layers.
Responda
  • diploblast
  • triploblast
  • triploblast
  • diploblast

Questão 7

Questão
A deuterostome is [blank_start]anus[blank_end] first and a protostome is [blank_start]mouth[blank_end] first.
Responda
  • anus
  • mouth
  • mouth
  • anus

Questão 8

Questão
A unique characteristic of animals is that all were developed from a [blank_start]blastula[blank_end], a hollow ball of embryonic cells.
Responda
  • blastula

Questão 9

Questão
A unique characteristic of animals is that all have cell adhesion molecules: including [blank_start]fibronectin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cadherins[blank_end].
Responda
  • fibronectin
  • cadherins

Questão 10

Questão
A unique characteristic of animals is all have cell junctions including [blank_start]tight junctions[blank_end], [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end], and [blank_start]gap junctions[blank_end]
Responda
  • tight junctions
  • desmosomes
  • gap junctions

Questão 11

Questão
A unique characteristic of animals is all have an extracellular matrix containing [blank_start]collagen[blank_end].
Responda
  • collagen

Questão 12

Questão
Label the graphic in terms of fundamental niche and realized niche.
Image:
1f12e19e-a661-4e0d-9480-3ec329d636b6 (image/png)
Responda
  • Realized niche
  • Fundamental niche

Questão 13

Questão
A [blank_start]fundamental[blank_end] niche includes all acceptable conditions which a species can occupy while a [blank_start]realized[blank_end] niche is a subset of suitable conditions that a species occupies.
Responda
  • fundamental
  • realized
  • realized
  • fundamental

Questão 14

Questão
Pair the animals to their correct type in the survivorship curve.
Image:
5a7b4b37-6325-4218-8357-af24c2eb79b1 (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • Human
  • Mackerel
  • American Robin
  • Human
  • American Robin
  • Mackerel
  • Human
  • American Robin
  • Mackerel

Questão 15

Questão
What survivorship curve would you expect for sea turtle populations?
Responda
  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3

Questão 16

Questão
Growth is limited by resources.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 17

Questão
What is the term for a resource in short supply?
Responda
  • Limited resource
  • Limited factor
  • Carrying capacity
  • Niche

Questão 18

Questão
What is the term for the largest population that an environment can support?
Responda
  • Carry capacity
  • Complete niche
  • Maximum capacity
  • Exponential growth

Questão 19

Questão
At carrying capacity, birth rates are [blank_start]equal to[blank_end] death rates.
Responda
  • equal to
  • greater than
  • less than

Questão 20

Questão
Populations [blank_start]fluctuate[blank_end] around carrying capacity.
Responda
  • fluctuate
  • flourish
  • diminish

Questão 21

Questão
A density-independent effect impact is proportional to number of individuals in an area.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 22

Questão
Select all the CORRECT statements about competition:
Responda
  • Competition reduces the fitness of BOTH parties.
  • Competition occurs when resources are limited.
  • Competition can be intraspecific or interspecific.
  • Competition is a density-independent effect.

Questão 23

Questão
Populations of predator and prey tend to oscillate when a predator relies on a single prey species
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
What does this image depict?
Image:
d1b3f3c5-f391-4a62-9ba3-f1239b7688d1 (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • Resource partitioning
  • Limited resources
  • Realized niches
  • Interspecies competition

Questão 25

Questão
[blank_start]Cell fate[blank_end] is determined by a series of "decisions" made in early development that become the programmed identity of cells with a point of no return.
Responda
  • Cell fate

Questão 26

Questão
[blank_start]Cleavage[blank_end] is the first cell divisions where zygotic contents partition among smaller cells.
Responda
  • Cleavage

Questão 27

Questão
[blank_start]Gastrulation[blank_end] is the formation of gut and other germ layer(s) in addition to ectoderm.
Responda
  • Gastrulation

Questão 28

Questão
[blank_start]Morphogenesis[blank_end] is the development of organismal form and/or shape.
Responda
  • Morphogenesis

Questão 29

Questão
A zygote subdivides into smaller cells called [blank_start]blastomeres[blank_end].
Responda
  • blastomeres

Questão 30

Questão
Cell fates are closely linked to germ layers.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
Name the type of cleavage shown:
Image:
9af18cd3-9de5-4112-9bdf-462ca7c96593 (image/png)
Responda
  • Meroblastic
  • Holoblastic

Questão 32

Questão
Name the type of cleavage shown:
Image:
f533d5d8-8ae3-44d0-b4a5-7fe85fdea811 (image/png)
Responda
  • Meroblastic
  • Holoblastic

Questão 33

Questão
Gradients of morphogens can be established in what ways?
Responda
  • Unequal distribution in the zygote.
  • Production of morphogens from specific cells.
  • Inheriting of morphogens from parent cell.
  • Equal distribution in the zygote.

Questão 34

Questão
Early development requires two processes:
Responda
  • Pattern formation
  • Differentiation
  • Development of mitochondria
  • Mitosis

Questão 35

Questão
Which statement best describes competitive relationship:
Responda
  • Two species of birds that live harmoneously in the same oak tree.
  • A north Georgia bobcat and a cougar population that both prey on cottontail rabbits.
  • A nematode that infects a white-footed mouse by tropic transmission.
  • A barnacle that resides on the underbelly of a whale shark.

Questão 36

Questão
Which statement best describes a parasitic relationship:
Responda
  • A white-footed mouse infected by a nematode through tropic transmission.
  • Two species of birds that reside in the same oak tree.
  • A Central American squirrel monkey that eats bananas and ants and a Geoffroy's spider monkey that eats starfruit and flies in the same Costa Rican rainforest region.
  • Two species of tropical fish that live in different locations in the same coral reef.

Questão 37

Questão
Which is an example of an amensalism relationship:
Responda
  • A black walnut tree secreting the chemical, juglone, killing all it's neighboring plants.
  • Two species of birds harmoniously living at different level branches in the same oak tree.
  • Two species of lizards eating the same type of fly in a local coastal marsh.
  • A swamp rabbit and a marsh rabbit inhabiting different regions in Georgia.

Questão 38

Questão
Select the example of mutualistic relationship:
Responda
  • Two species of birds harmoniously living on different branch levels of the same oak tree.
  • A population of Northwestern salmon with more males than females during breeding season.
  • The bread mold Penicillium secreting penicillin to that chemical kills bacteria.
  • A nematode that infects the white-footed mouse by trophic transmission.

Questão 39

Questão
Select the example of a commensalistic relationship:
Responda
  • A clownfish that live amid the tentacles of the anemones which protects them from predators.
  • Two species of birds that live harmoniously on different level branches of the same oak tree.
  • A nematode that infects the white-footed mouse via trophic transmission.
  • A marsh rabbit and a swamp rabbit that migrated to different wetland regions in Georgia.

Questão 40

Questão
Theories exist that explain the method in which multicellularity arose in animals. Which theory has the most evidentiary support in the scientific community?
Responda
  • Symbiotic relationship between protist species.
  • Ancestral colonial protist
  • Cellularization: multinucleate protist ancestor evolves membranes around nuclei.
  • All have equal support in the scientific community.

Questão 41

Questão
According to this phylogenetic tree, annelids are most closely related to _____.
Image:
db1b650a-64c0-49a9-9273-f85b7e64b4f1 (image/png)
Responda
  • arthropods
  • molluscs
  • nematodes
  • cnidarians
  • platyhelminths

Questão 42

Questão
According to this phylogenetic tree, the clade that includes echinoderms and chordates is most closely related to the clade that includes _____.
Image:
55bdc360-c1b7-4b16-985a-611f88aff663 (image/png)
Responda
  • molluscs
  • poriferans
  • nematodes
  • cnidarians
  • platyhelminths

Questão 43

Questão
According to this phylogenetic tree, cnidarians are most closely related to _____.
Image:
d3531585-31de-45b4-9c67-26068b539ad6 (image/png)
Responda
  • nematodes
  • annelids
  • molluscs
  • echinoderms
  • platyhelminths

Questão 44

Questão
According to this phylogenetic tree, chordates are most closely related to _____.
Image:
9004f7d9-af66-41b5-b6d2-36f7e4317dda (image/png)
Responda
  • arthropods
  • molluscs
  • pariferans
  • echinoderms
  • cnidarians

Questão 45

Questão
This phylogenetic tree indicates that mammals are most closely related to _____.
Image:
e4bbef13-e3e4-4c35-8461-dab9ee4a963c (image/png)
Responda
  • sharks, rays, and chimaeras
  • ray-finned fishes
  • tunicates
  • reptiles
  • amphibians

Questão 46

Questão
According to this phylogenetic tree, the animals most closely related to reptiles and mammals are _____.
Image:
2bff546d-cc0e-4d9c-aa60-0a9b8836e485 (image/png)
Responda
  • sharks, rays, and chimaeras
  • amphibians
  • lampreys
  • ray-finned fishes
  • lancelets

Questão 47

Questão
The group in the red box is
Image:
69480347-1894-4320-a4f9-802013619257 (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • monophyletic
  • polyphyletic
  • paraphyletic

Questão 48

Questão
The group in the red box is
Image:
ff91fc75-83d9-4db0-8bee-b4ba5bc817d5 (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • monophyletic
  • polyphyletic
  • paraphyletic

Questão 49

Questão
The group in the red box is
Image:
acf85cdd-5d82-43eb-9cd9-b25ee694a89b (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • monophyletic
  • paraphyletic
  • polyphyletic

Questão 50

Questão
Accurate taxonomy is based on
Responda
  • monophyly
  • paraphyly
  • polyphyly
  • a combination of monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly.

Questão 51

Questão
Select all the scenarios that are considered density-independant:
Responda
  • A coastal region experiencing a flood from heavy spring rains
  • A costa rican population of spider monkeys experiencing a food shortage for the first time in a decade
  • A wildfire that is destroyed 100 acres of Redwood forest in California.
  • A population of gray squirrels experiencing an increase in predation by the red fox population.
  • A local farm introducing a new pesticide to corn that targets the short-horned grasshopper.
  • A town in New Hampshire whose landfills will be at max capacity in less than one year.
  • A population of coyotes that is experiencing an increased occurrence of mange.
  • Several countries in South America lost 10% of their population due to experiencing a 8.5 magnitude earthquake.

Questão 52

Questão
Select all the scenarios that are density-dependent:
Responda
  • A category 5 hurricane caused an atlantic coastal town to lose 10% of their population.
  • A wildfire swept through 10 western US farming counties and killed thousands of acres of crops.
  • A population of gray squirrels is experiencing a shortage of food for the first time in a decade.
  • A population of cottontail rabbits is experiencing an increase in predation by a population of red fox.
  • A town in Vermont is experiencing an influx and overflow in their local sewer system.
  • A population of white-tailed deer is experiencing an influx in lyme disease.
  • A population of Northwestern African cheetah has in influx in male cheetahs to female cheetahs during mating season, causing the males to compete for mates.
  • A local farm is introducing a new pesticide to their corn to target the short-horned grasshopper.
  • A 8.5 magnitude earthquake destroyed the water supply and killed 500 people across 3 South American countries.

Questão 53

Questão
What states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist?
Responda
  • The Principle of Competitive Exclusion
  • The Theory of Multicellularity
  • The Principle of Resource Partitioning
  • The Theory of Evolution

Questão 54

Questão
All of the following factors led to exponential human population growth about a thousand years ago EXCEPT:
Responda
  • Reduction in disease
  • Reduction in human waste
  • increase in food supply
  • colder climate
  • expansion of habitat

Questão 55

Questão
All cells in the human body are genomically equal except for sex cells.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 56

Questão
This image depicts a morphogen gradient that is equally distributed.
Image:
e23a09e5-4aba-4c75-aa1a-f3f31102f4c9 (image/jpeg)
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 57

Questão
In conditional specification, cells secrete [blank_start]morphogens[blank_end] to influence nearby cells to differentiate.
Responda
  • morphogens
  • gradients
  • genes
  • mesoderm
  • cytoplasm

Questão 58

Questão
Select all the correct statements about mosaic cleavage:
Responda
  • patterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
  • heavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg.
  • protostomes
  • deuterstomes
  • cell fate is fixed after first division
  • cell fate is NOT fixed after first division
  • cells "regulate" development of nearby undifferentiated cells by producing morphogens
  • patterns arise from induction

Questão 59

Questão
Select all the correct statements about regulative cleavage:
Responda
  • patterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
  • cell fate fixed after first division
  • heavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg
  • protostomes
  • deuterstomes
  • cell fate is NOT fixed after first division
  • cells "regulate" development of nearby cells by producing morphogens
  • patterns arise from induction

Questão 60

Questão
[blank_start]Cytoplasmic specification[blank_end] is when blastomeres inherit different amounts of various morphogens during initial stages of zygote division.
Responda
  • Cytoplasmic specification
  • Induction

Questão 61

Questão
[blank_start]Induction[blank_end] is when morphogen concentrations drop as distance from source cells increases.
Responda
  • Induction
  • Cytoplasmic specification

Questão 62

Questão
[blank_start]Pattern formation[blank_end] is where body regions and cell types will be formed.
Responda
  • Pattern formation
  • Differentiation

Questão 63

Questão
[blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] is what type of cell will develop.
Responda
  • Differentiation
  • Pattern formation

Questão 64

Questão
Gradients of morphogens identify major axes. The primary development axes are:
Responda
  • Anterior-posterior
  • Dorsal-ventral
  • Superficial-Deep
  • Distal-Medial

Questão 65

Questão
Primary morphogen gradients set up gradients in other morphogens.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
Hox genes...
Responda
  • code for morphogens that define specific regions in the body.
  • contain a short sequence that codes for a homeobox domain.
  • are homeobox domains.
  • are morphogens.
  • are highly conserved genes.
  • are arranged in gene clusters.
  • are arranged in a radial formation.
  • explain consistency of early development among diverse animal phyla
  • explain the inconsistencies of development between animal phyla and plant phyla

Questão 67

Questão
The order of Hox genes represents where the gene will be expressed along an animal's [blank_start]anterior-posterior[blank_end] axis.
Responda
  • anterior-posterior
  • dorsal-ventral
  • superficial-deep
  • distal-medial

Questão 68

Questão
Mutation in [blank_start]Hox genes[blank_end] may explain major morphological changes in evolution.
Responda
  • Hox genes

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