Genomic Imprinting

Genomic imprinting is [blank_start]monoallelic[blank_end] gene expression that occurs in a manner specific to the parent of origin.

XY gene expression is an example of imprinting.

What percent of genes are imprinted?

Imprinting can work for a lifetime, or be stage specific or tissue specific.

[blank_start]80[blank_end]% of imprinted genes exist in clusters

Which of these is true for imprinted genes in comparison to non-imprinted genes?

Which of these is the regulatory element that controls the imprinting of one or more genes? Hint: moving one of these can cause abnormal imprinting.

Differentially methylated regions can contain imprinting control regions

If a DMR has a cis-acting sequence, this means

[blank_start]Hypo[blank_end]methylated DMRs have low amounts of methylation.

[blank_start]Looping[blank_end] of the DNA can occur so that a distant segment of DNA can interact with another.

It is completely impossible to make a uniparental embryo

Which of these is embryonic lethal?

When, if ever, will demethylation affect imprinted genes?

If a gene is paternally imprinted, then a male would have one allele methylated and one not(the maternal allele). If this male is going to produce offspring, then both of the alleles must be methylated. When does this occur?

In one theory of how maternal vs. paternal imprinting controls gene expression, it is theorized that differential chromatin [blank_start]looping[blank_end] will occur to block the transcription of the imprinted genes. This may be aided by proteins which recognize and attach to 2 different methylated regions at the same time. In a separate theory, some proteins might recognize and bind methylated or unmethylated imprinted regions and block the transcription of the non imprinted gene(s). This is called the [blank_start]insulator[blank_end] model.

Imprinted genes are resistant to genome wide DNA demethylation after fertilization.

Imprinted genes are resistant to genome wide DNA demethylation during germ cell development.

Clones have [blank_start]abnormal[blank_end] imprinting.

The male and female pronuclei are kept separate until [blank_start]fusion[blank_end].

The [blank_start]parental conflict[blank_end] hypothesis states that the paternal genome is more interested in growth, while the maternal genome is interested in resource conservation.