Questão 1
Questão
DSMiv - [blank_start]core[blank_end] symptoms ([blank_start]hallucinations,delusions[blank_end]) must be present for at least [blank_start]one month[blank_end]. Other symptoms such as poor social function must be present for [blank_start]6 months[blank_end].
Questão 2
Questão
Positive symptoms include...
Questão 3
Questão
whose study indicates that schizophrenic patients jump from topic to topic in conversation?
Responda
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Goldstein
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Gottesman and Shields
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Heston
Questão 4
Questão
Negative symptoms include...
Questão 5
Questão
Paranoid schizophrenics have hallucinations and delusions about grandeur or persecution
Questão 6
Questão
Catatonic patients have disorganised speech
Questão 7
Questão
Disorganised schizophrenic patients have disorganised speech, and thoughts. Their behaviour is bizarre. They have flat effect, social withdrawal and avolition
Questão 8
Questão
What is residual schizophrenia?
Questão 9
Questão
What is undifferentiated schizophrenia?
Questão 10
Questão
Name three issues with diagnosing schizophrenia.
Responda
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unspecific criteria leads to misdiagnosis ---misdiagnosis lead to wrong treatment ----relies on self report, patients may not be able to express themselves
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if you deny the existence of it you cannot treat it --- not clear whether excess dopemine causes sch' or is an effect
Questão 11
Questão
Who said that the term 'schizophrenic' is a form of social oppression and influences how people behave and how people react to 'schizophrenic' people.
Responda
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Scheff
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Piaget
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Gottesman and Shields
Questão 12
Questão
Szasz - is an anti-labeller who
Questão 13
Questão
Labelling theory says there is poor validity in diagnosis of schizophrenia
Questão 14
Questão
A criticism of labelling theory is that it doesn't explain where the behaviour came from in the first place. It explains the maintenance through self fulfilling prophecy.
Questão 15
Questão
In Rosenhans study he sent 8 [blank_start]healthy[blank_end] people to make appointments in hospitals using the wors '[blank_start]thud[blank_end]', '[blank_start]hollow[blank_end]' and '[blank_start]empty[blank_end]'. Once admitted they all acted [blank_start]normally[blank_end]. All were diagnosed as schizophrenic despite being healthy. They were treated [blank_start]differently[blank_end] because they were seen as schizophrenia. They all left with a in remission diagnosis. This study shows how people behave differently to 'schizophrenics' and how easily [blank_start]misdiagnosis[blank_end] occurs. Also it shows how the label is hard to get rid of.
Responda
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healthy
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sick
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thud
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bang
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hollow
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full
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empty
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filled
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normally
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schizophrenic
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differently
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the same
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misdiagnosis
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diagnosis
Questão 16
Questão
The biological approach says that there is a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia
Questão 17
Questão
The twin study by Gottesman and Shields found [blank_start]48[blank_end]% concordance rates for MZ twins and [blank_start]17[blank_end]% for DZ twins. Therefore because the MZ [blank_start]share more[blank_end] DNA the fact that they have higher concordance rates indicates a [blank_start]genetic[blank_end] link. A criticism of this study is that the higher concordance rate in MZs could be due to a very [blank_start]similar[blank_end] environment. Also if schizophrenia is due to genes alone, the concordance rate should be [blank_start]100[blank_end]%.
Responda
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48
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56
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19
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17
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12
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90
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share more
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have less shared DNA
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genetic
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environmental
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similar
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different
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100
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0
Questão 18
Questão
In a adoption study by [blank_start]Heston[blank_end], [blank_start]16[blank_end]% of the children ,from 47 schizophrenic mothers, who had been adopted at birth had schizophrenia. This is much higher than the [blank_start]1[blank_end]% population level. Therefore it seems that schizophrenia is [blank_start]hereditary[blank_end]. This is more conclusive than the twin study by [blank_start]Gottesman and Shields[blank_end] because the children [blank_start]didn't share[blank_end] the same environment with the mother. However this study suffers from a [blank_start]small sample size[blank_end].
Questão 19
Questão
The neurochemical explanation for schizophrenia suggests that excess dopamine causes exessive neural activity (positive symptoms)
Questão 20
Questão
There is [blank_start]a lot of[blank_end] evidence for the dopemine hypothesis including; Post [blank_start]mortems[blank_end] showing excess dopemine, [blank_start]Cocaine[blank_end] studies (cocaine causes positive symptoms and heightens dopemine activity), [blank_start]Antipsychotic[blank_end] drugs reduce dopemine and positive symptoms.
Responda
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mortems
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offices
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a lot of
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little
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Cocaine
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Sherbert
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Antipsychotic
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Illegal
Questão 21
Questão
According to biologists, abnormal brain structures cause schizophrenia. Weyandt found enlarged ventricles correlate with negative symptoms
Questão 22
Questão
Who found enlarged ventricles correlate with negative symptoms?
Responda
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Weyandt
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Heston
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Gottesman and Shields
Questão 23
Questão
Expressed emotion belongs to the [blank_start]family dysfunction[blank_end] explanation for schizophrenia. This is a [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] of the amount of emotion displayed within a family. HIgh expressed emotion means there are high levels of [blank_start]hostility[blank_end], [blank_start]disapproval[blank_end] and [blank_start]criticism[blank_end]. Often family members who act like this think they are being helpful.
Responda
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family dysfunction
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biological
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labelling
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qualitative level
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quantitative level
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hostility
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calm
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disapproval
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approval
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criticism
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support
Questão 24
Questão
Nomura said if a recovering schizophrenic returns home to a family with high EE they are more likey to relapse to a highly active phase
Questão 25
Questão
Evidence to support Nomura's theory that if a recovering schizophrenic returns home to a family with high EE they are more likey to relapse to a highly active phase, comes from Butzlaff and Holey
Questão 26
Questão
Butzlaff and Holey found [blank_start]70[blank_end]% of people returning home to a [blank_start]high[blank_end] expressed emotion family relapsed within a [blank_start]year[blank_end].
Responda
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70
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50
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90
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high
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low
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year
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month
Questão 27
Questão
Bateson said when children are put in a [blank_start]no win[blank_end] situation by parents, a [blank_start]double[blank_end] bind, they may develop schizophrenia if they don't find a way out of it. They develop symptoms such as [blank_start]flat effect[blank_end] as a logical response to their situation
Responda
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no win
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win-win
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double
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triple
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flat effect
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hallucinations
Questão 28
Questão
Schiffman said 'Patterns of [blank_start]communication[blank_end] and relationships have been identified as [blank_start]stress[blank_end] factors causing schizophrenia'. This includes double [blank_start]bind[blank_end] and [blank_start]high[blank_end] expressed emotion.
Responda
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communication
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fabric
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stress
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chill
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bind
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whiskey
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high
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low
Questão 29
Questão
The most effective treatment is drug therapy alone.
Questão 30
Questão
A strength of medication in an institution is that dosage cannot be monitored
Questão 31
Questão
Institutions provide a safe environment for patients.
Questão 32
Questão
Institutions cause self fulfilling prophecies.
Questão 33
Questão
The artificial environment of an institution means they learn to cope with the disorder in the real world.
Questão 34
Questão
Name a conventional antipsychotic drugs
Questão 35
Questão
All conventional antipsychotic drugs reduce the firing of dopemine
Questão 36
Questão
Chlorpromazine must be taken regularly with or without symptoms or they will return with greater severity.
Questão 37
Questão
Who's study found just 6 weeks of treatment with antipsychotic drugs showed significant improvement in 75% of patients.
Responda
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Goldstein
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Gottesman and Shields
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Cole et al
Questão 38
Questão
Conventional drugs cause what side effects? Severe muscle
Questão 39
Questão
Name an a-typical antipsychotic drug
Questão 40
Questão
Atypical drugs reduce not only positive symptoms but also negative symptoms.
Questão 41
Questão
About [blank_start]25[blank_end]% of sufferers do not respond to [blank_start]conventional[blank_end] drugs. These people often respond to [blank_start]atypical[blank_end] drugs.
Responda
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25
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75
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conventional
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atypical
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atypical
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conventional
Questão 42
Questão
A problem with antipsychotic drugs is that they are reductionist.
Questão 43
Questão
Strengths of antipsychotic drugs in institutions include-stopping revolving door syndrome and a safer environment.
Questão 44
Questão
Weaknesses of medication within an institution include - an [blank_start]artificial[blank_end] environment [blank_start]doesn't help[blank_end] the patient to establish reality - causes self fulfilling prophecy
Responda
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artificial
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accurate
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doesn't help
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helps