6321094
Questão 1
Questão
Which of these mechanisms allow fluoride to increase the resistance of teeth to acid attack?
Responda
-
Reduce/inhibit enamel dissolving
-
Promoting remineralisation
-
Changing plaque ecology
-
Reducing plaque acid production
-
Increased enamel dissolution
Questão 2
Questão
What is the acute lethal dose of fluoride?
Responda
-
32-64mg F / kg body weight
-
5 g F / kg body weight
-
32-64g F / kg body weight
-
5 mg F / kg body weight
Questão 3
Questão
What is the toxic dose for fluoride?
Responda
-
5 mg F/ kg body weight
-
5 g F/ kg body weight
-
32-64mg F / kg body weight
-
32-64g F / kg body weight
Questão 4
Questão
What are some clinical symptoms of fluoride poisoning?
Responda
-
Nausea
-
Diarrhoea
-
Convulsions
-
Cardiac arrhythmias
-
Conjunctivitis
Questão 5
Questão
Why might acute fluoride poisoning lead to cardiac dysrhythymia?
Responda
-
Hypocalcemia / Hyperkalemia
-
Hypercalcemia / Hypokalemia
-
Hypernatremia / Hyperkalemia
-
Hypercalcemia / Hyponatremia
Questão 6
Questão
Skeletal fluorosis is sometimes mistaken for...
Responda
-
Arthritis
-
Osteoporosis
-
Parkinson's
-
Huntington's
Questão 7
Questão
How does fluoride impair enamel formation?
Responda
-
Interferes with the ameloblasts in the early maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Interferes with the ameloblasts in the late maturation phase leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Leads to imperfect collagen deposition by the ameloblasts leading to imperfect crystals / prisms
-
Leads to imperfect hydroxyapatite deposition by the odontoblasts leading to imperfect enamel crystals / prisms
Questão 8
Questão
How does fluoride impair dentin formation?
Responda
-
Leads to impaired random collagen and hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries
-
Leads to impaired random hydroxyapatite deposition which is more susceptible to caries
-
Leads to impaired random collagen deposition which is more susceptible to caries
Questão 9
Questão
Fluoride _________ mineralisation of bone, leading to heavy irregular mineralisation of bone.
Responda
-
Stimulates
-
Inhibits
Questão 10
Questão
75-90% of fluoride is absorbed in the
Responda
-
Stomach
-
Duodenum and Upper jejunum
-
Lower jejunum and ileum
-
Duodenum only
Questão 11
Questão
Fluoride is mostly absorbed by...
Responda
-
Passive diffusion
-
Active transport
-
Facilitated diffusion
Questão 12
Questão
Maternal and Foetal blood fluoride levels tend to be..
Responda
-
Similar, therefore related.
-
Completely different, therefore unrelated.
Questão 13
Questão
The three phases of fluoride transport are:
1. Tissue fluid / soft tissue eq[blank_start]uilibration[blank_end] and dilution
2. Hard tissue deposition in tissues with high F [blank_start]affin.[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Renal[blank_end] clearance of F which not deposited in skeleton
Responda
-
uilibration
-
affinity
-
Renal
Questão 14
Questão
Fluoride accumulates in the soft tissues.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 15
Questão
Saliva and Tissue fluid have similar fluoride levels to blood plasma.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 16
Questão
Why does fluoride have such a high affinity for bone?
Responda
-
It has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite in bone, preferentially forming fluorapatite.
-
It has a high affinity for collagen in bone, preferentially forming fluoridated collagen.
-
It has a high affinity for receptors in bone marrow which allow it to bind readily
Questão 17
Questão
What is the half life of fluoride in someone who is not frequently exposed to F?
Responda
-
24 hrs
-
2 years
-
12 hrs
-
1 hr
Questão 18
Questão
What factors might impact on renal clearance of fluoride?
Responda
-
Dose of fluoride
-
Previous exposure
-
Fluid intake
-
Cirrhosis
-
Half life of fluoride
Questão 19
Questão
Fluoride interferes with acid production by bacteria. How does it inhibit it?
Responda
-
Inhibits the enolase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
-
Inhibits the alpha-ketoglutarate enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
-
Inhibits the hexokinase enzyme involved in glycolysis (which ultimately produces lactic acid)
Questão 20
Questão
Fluoride interferes with extracellular polysaccharide formation
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 21
Questão
Fluoride decreases bacterial intracellular polysaccharide formation and glucose uptake.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 22
Questão
Fluoride does not affect cariogenicity but does decrease the amount of plaque formation.
Responda
- True
- False
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