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Biogeography First Exam Study Guide

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First exam study guide for fall 2016 Biogeography course at the University of Arizona.
Tony Colella
Quiz por Tony Colella, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Tony Colella
Criado por Tony Colella aproximadamente 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Earth's tilt is nearly
Responda
  • 15.5º
  • 20º
  • 23.5º
  • 30º

Questão 2

Questão
Water's high _________________ allows it to store a lot of energy.
Responda
  • storage potential
  • heat capacity
  • potential gradient
  • solar capacity

Questão 3

Questão
Global physical gradients on Earth arise from all of the following except
Responda
  • Earth's spin
  • Latitude
  • Precipitation
  • Earth's orbit around the Sun
  • Earth's tilt

Questão 4

Questão
You would probably find the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) where near the summer solstice?
Responda
  • The Tropic of Capricorn (23.5º S)
  • The South Pole (90ºS)
  • The Equator (0º)
  • The Tropic of Cancer (23.5º N)

Questão 5

Questão
Warm currents are most often found on __________ ocean boundaries.
Responda
  • Northern
  • Southern
  • Western
  • Eastern

Questão 6

Questão
Short-term global cycles like El Nino involve periodic variations in what?
Responda
  • Sea-surface temperatures
  • Wind patterns
  • Atmospheric circulation cells
  • Sea-surface temperatures and wind patterns
  • Wind patterns and atmospheric circulation cells

Questão 7

Questão
Glacial climates in the Pleistocene tended to be...
Responda
  • Cool and dry
  • Cool and wet
  • Warm and dry
  • Warm and wet

Questão 8

Questão
During the *initial* cycles of glaciation and melting in the Pleistocene, extinctions were more common in...
Responda
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Both
  • Neither

Questão 9

Questão
A planet with a greater tilt than Earth's would most likely have what kind of seasons?
Responda
  • Milder
  • Stronger
  • About the same as Earth's
  • No seasons at all

Questão 10

Questão
Humid air _________ dry air.
Responda
  • is heavier than
  • is lighter than
  • weighs the same as

Questão 11

Questão
Global precipitation patterns are driven by all of the following except
Responda
  • temperature
  • ocean currents
  • local topography
  • wind patterns

Questão 12

Questão
Topography and global precipitation patterns together determine
Responda
  • regional climate
  • surface energy input
  • rate of continental drift
  • the degree of Earth's tilt

Questão 13

Questão
Alexander von Humboldt was one of the first to note the abiding biogeographic principle that elevational gradients are analogous to
Responda
  • altitudinal gradients
  • latitudinal gradients
  • longitudinal gradients

Questão 14

Questão
The theory of island biogeography would consider all of the following except
Responda
  • An island in the ocean
  • A mountain range surrounded by lowlands
  • A series of low, grassy hills
  • A city surrounded by forest

Questão 15

Questão
Plants can move sap (and the nutrients within it) against the pull of gravity in part because of water's
Responda
  • high surface tension
  • high heat capacity
  • high heat conduction

Questão 16

Questão
How much of Earth's global water is freshwater?
Responda
  • About 10%
  • About 5.5%
  • About 2.5%
  • About 1%

Questão 17

Questão
Infiltration is
Responda
  • the movement of aboveground water belowground
  • the movement of belowground water aboveground
  • the movement of water on the Earth's surface
  • the emptying of rivers and streams into the ocean

Questão 18

Questão
All of these affect water's ability to infiltrate except
Responda
  • soil saturation
  • land cover
  • soil characteristics
  • land shape

Questão 19

Questão
What is the primary driver of Earth's water cycle?
Responda
  • Hadley cells
  • the intertropical convergence zone
  • evaporation
  • global climate

Questão 20

Questão
Transpiration occurs when plants lose water in the form of
Responda
  • water vapor
  • liquid water
  • frozen water

Questão 21

Questão
_____________ is responsible for cloud formation
Responda
  • Infiltration
  • Precipitation
  • Condensation
  • Transpiration

Questão 22

Questão
Why are arid environments likely to occur on the leeward slopes of near-ocean mountain ranges?
Responda
  • The rain shadow effect
  • Those mountains are most often at 30º N and S
  • The spin of the Earth
  • Ecoregion gradients

Questão 23

Questão
Seeds that exhibit serotiny only germinate when
Responda
  • they "know" the Earth's tilt has changed
  • they're triggered by some external factor
  • they are affected by the Coriolis effect

Questão 24

Questão
The only mass extinction for which science is pretty sure it knows the cause is
Responda
  • the end-Ordovician
  • the end-Triassic
  • the end-Cretaceous
  • the end-Permian

Questão 25

Questão
Our class definition of biogeography includes all of the following except
Responda
  • ...the study of distributions...
  • ...of biodiversity...
  • ...globally...
  • ...over space and time...

Questão 26

Questão
When it comes to biogeographic patterns, this scale is most important
Responda
  • global
  • local
  • regional
  • all scales are important to biogeographic patterns

Questão 27

Questão
The lithosphere includes
Responda
  • all of Earth's water, including oceans, freshwater, and the water cycle
  • the layers of gases that surround the Earth's surface
  • the Earth's rocky crust, including the geographic template
  • the zone of life on Earth

Questão 28

Questão
In the Greek tradition, which of these might we call the central question of biogeography?
Responda
  • How are organisms distributed around the world?
  • Do organisms change over time?
  • Are organisms at certain latitudes the same as organisms at certain altitudes?

Questão 29

Questão
Charles Darwin based his theory of evolution by means of natural selection on several key pieces of evidence. Which of these were not included?
Responda
  • Comparison of fossils with existing, similarly-shaped organisms
  • Studying finches and tortoises in the Galapagos
  • Observing giraffes in African savannas

Questão 30

Questão
Wegener's theory of continental drift relies on all of the following pieces of evidence except
Responda
  • Landmasses fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
  • Geological similarity between matching sides of continents.
  • Elevational similarities in mountain ranges between continents that appear to fit together.
  • Fossil similarities between matching sides of continents.

Questão 31

Questão
Plants that colonize new land that may one day be a new ecosystem require all of the following except
Responda
  • Carbon
  • Herbivores
  • Nutrients
  • Water

Questão 32

Questão
Sky islands and tepuis are both types of
Responda
  • mainland islands
  • exterior islands
  • isolation islands
  • endemic islands

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