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cognitive science Quiz on HW4, created by Nikhil Bajaj on 11/29/2016.
Nikhil Bajaj
Quiz por Nikhil Bajaj, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Nikhil Bajaj
Criado por Nikhil Bajaj mais de 7 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
_____ memories are to experiences as _____ memories are to facts.
Responda
  • Procedural : semantic
  • Episodic : semantic
  • Semantic : implicit
  • Implicit : episodic

Questão 2

Questão
Suppose you have been studying for your Japanese vocabulary test for several hours and are making many mistakes. You switch to studying for your biology mid-term and do much better. You are experiencing;
Responda
  • biological independence.
  • the self-reference effect.
  • disinhibition.
  • retroactive inhibition
  • release from proactive interference.

Questão 3

Questão
These multiple choice questions are examples of a _____ test.
Responda
  • word-completion
  • recognition memory
  • personal semantic memory
  • recall memory

Questão 4

Questão
Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This revealed that when we experience events;
Responda
  • semantic and episodic memories about events tend to last about the same time in LTM.
  • semantic memory of events is enhanced when it is not interfered with by associated episodic content.
  • episodic memory for events lasts longer than semantic memory for events.
  • the knowledge making up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

Questão 5

Questão
Our brief sensory memory for sound is called _____ memory.
Responda
  • iconic
  • auditory
  • echoic
  • linguistic

Questão 6

Questão
Lamar is attending a company function at his new workplace. His supervisor introduces him to his new coworkers in small groups over the course of the event, introducing each of the coworkers by first name. At the end of the event, Lamar realizes he can only remember the names of the people in the last group of people he met. This is an example of;
Responda
  • proactive interference.
  • the cocktail party effect.
  • phonological similarity.
  • retroactive interference.

Questão 7

Questão
Wickens’ “fruit, meat, and professions” experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the “fruit” group because;
Responda
  • tomatoes are actually fruit.
  • the response task changed.
  • the stimulus category remained the same.
  • the stimulus category changed.
  • the response task remained the same.

Questão 8

Questão
Work with brain injured patients such as Clive and Henry reveals that _____ memory does not depend on conscious awareness.
Responda
  • declarative and non-declarative
  • personal semantic and remote
  • implicit and procedural
  • semantic and episodic

Questão 9

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an example of implicit memory?
Responda
  • Procedural memory.
  • Classical conditioning.
  • Semantic memory.
  • Repetition priming.

Questão 10

Questão
Your text describes an Italian woman who after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily happenings. Her memory deficit reflects;
Responda
  • intact procedural memory, but defective episodic memory.
  • intact semantic but defective episodic memory.
  • intact episodic memory, but defective semantic memory.
  • intact episodic memory, but defective procedural memory.

Questão 11

Questão
The primacy effect is attributed to;
Responda
  • forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items
  • recall of info still active in STM.
  • recall of info stored in LTM.
  • a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list.

Questão 12

Questão
An experimental task with the instructions “Read the following word list while repeating “the” out-loud, look way, and then write down the words from the list” would most likely be studying;
Responda
  • central executive processing.
  • echoic memory.
  • the visuospatial sketchpad.
  • articulatory suppression.

Questão 13

Questão
A property of control processes in the modal model of attention of memory is that they;
Responda
  • may differ from one task to another.
  • are difficult to modify.
  • do not require attention.
  • are performed without conscious awareness.

Questão 14

Questão
Info in sensory memory remains there before decaying for;
Responda
  • as long as it’s rehearsed.
  • seconds or a fraction of a second.
  • 15 - 18 seconds.
  • 1 - 3 minutes.

Questão 15

Questão
The statement “The Beatles broke up in the early 1970’s” is an example of what kind of memory?
Responda
  • Autobiographical
  • Semnatic
  • Episodic
  • Procedural

Questão 16

Questão
The predominant type of coding in LTM is;
Responda
  • concrete
  • semantic
  • phonological
  • implicit

Questão 17

Questão
In Sperling’s study of iconic memory, compared to the whole report task, the partial report task involves;
Responda
  • a smaller stimulus set.
  • a smaller response set.
  • a longer response delay.
  • a shorter response delay.

Questão 18

Questão
The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true;
Responda
  • only when we disagree with them.
  • unless we are told explicitly that the statements are false.
  • only when we agree with them.
  • simply because we’ve been exposed to them before.
  • only when we are aware we’ve seen them before

Questão 19

Questão
Explicit memory is to _____, as implicit memory is to _____.
Responda
  • self : other
  • semantic : episodic
  • awareness : unawareness
  • primacy : recency

Questão 20

Questão
Given what you have learned about how the phonological loop works, which of the following lists would be the MOST difficult for people to retain for 15 seconds?
Responda
  • MAC, CAN, CAP, MAN, MAP
  • BIP, TEK, LAN, MOD, RIY
  • SAY, BET, PIN, COW, RUG
  • PIG, DOG, CAT, RAT, HEN

Questão 21

Questão
When studying the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds;
Responda
  • increases both primacy and recency.
  • decreases the recency effect.
  • has no effect on the curve.
  • increases the primacy effect.

Questão 22

Questão
A person with a brain injury resulting in impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty;
Responda
  • remembering having aced the final in her Cognitive Psychology class.
  • recalling where to find eating utensils in the kitchen.
  • recognizing famous people.
  • remembering the meanings of words.

Questão 23

Questão
Imagine that you’re walking to class, starting at the Psychology department, and form a mental picture of the route you take to the lecture hall from the department office. Your ability to perform this mental feat relies upon;
Responda
  • the visuospatial sketch pad.
  • the familiarity effect.
  • the phonological loop.
  • delayed response coding.

Questão 24

Questão
Working memory (WM) differs from short-term memory in that;
Responda
  • WM both holds and processes information.
  • STM has unlimited capacity.
  • STM consists of multiple components.
  • WM has unlimited capacity.

Questão 25

Questão
The dramatic case of Clive Wearing clearly illustrates that _____ is crucial for formation of explicit memories, and that the _____ is important for the formation of implicit memories.
Responda
  • basal ganglia : frontal lobes
  • hippocampus : basal ganglia
  • basal ganglia : hippocampus
  • amygdala : frontal lobes

Questão 26

Questão
Your text discusses the case of Henry Molaison, who underwent brain surgery as a teenager to relieve severe epilepsy. Henry’s case has been extremely important for psychology by demonstrating that;
Responda
  • impairment of one (STM or LTM) leads to impairment of the other.
  • STM can operate normally while LTM is impaired.
  • LTM can operate normally while STM is impaired.
  • a double dissociation exists for STM and LTM.

Questão 27

Questão
Chandra has frontal lobe trauma. She is being tested on a problem solving task to assess the nature of her deficits. She is choosing a red object out of others of different color. However, when the doctor asks her to now pick out the blue object, she continues to pick our the red object, even after the doctor tells her she’s made an incorrect choice. Chandra is displaying evidence of;
Responda
  • perseveration.
  • visual agnosia.
  • sensory decay.
  • iconic memory.

Questão 28

Questão
Imagine you’re driving to a friend’s new apartment. As you drive you rehearse the address until you arrive. Once there, you start thinking about a nice house-warming gift for your friend. To remember her new address you used a(n) _____ process in STM.
Responda
  • control
  • sensory
  • encoding
  • automatic

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion based on the cases of Clive Wearing and Henry Molaison?
Responda
  • STM and LTM can operate independently.
  • STM and LTM are controlled by different mechanisms.
  • Implicit memory relies on the basal ganglia pathway.
  • LTM is unaffected by hippocampus damage.
  • The hippocampus is necessary for formation of new LTMs.

Questão 30

Questão
Peterson & Peterson found their participants could remember the three letter strings (like QEX and RDZ) with 80% accuracy after 3 seconds, but only about 12% accuracy after 18 seconds. They concluded this performance decrease was due to _____, but Keppel & Underwood later showed it was due to _____.
Responda
  • decay : lack of rehearsal
  • priming : interference
  • decay : interference
  • interference : decay

Questão 31

Questão
Carrie answers the phone with “Hello?” The response “Hi, Carrie!” comes from the other end of the line. Carrie responds with “Hi, Dad!” Carrie processed the response “Hi, Carrie” using an;
Responda
  • echoic code in SM.
  • auditory code in LTM.
  • echoic code in WM.
  • auditory code in STM.

Questão 32

Questão
Murdoch’s “remembering a list” experiment described the serial position curve and found that memory is best for _____ of a list.
Responda
  • the middle words
  • both the first and last words
  • the first words
  • the last words

Questão 33

Questão
Research seems to indicate that the duration of STM, when rehearsal is prevented, is;
Responda
  • indefinite.
  • 15 - 20 seconds.
  • just under a fraction of a second.
  • 1 - 3 minutes.

Questão 34

Questão
According to Endel Tulving, the defining property of episodic memory is that it;
Responda
  • involves both explicit and implicit memory.
  • involves mental time travel.
  • accesses knowledge about the world that doesn’t have to be linked to a specific personal experience.
  • always corresponds to events from our past that actually happened.

Questão 35

Questão
According to Baddeley & Hitch’s model of working memory, which of the following tasks would LEAST affect a person’s driving performance on an unfamiliar winding road?
Responda
  • Imagining what an interesting painting from a museum looks like
  • Remembering a map of the area they’re driving in.
  • Mentally picture how many knobs are on their kitchen stove.
  • Thinking about the definition of an unusual word they just learned.

Questão 36

Questão
Lucy is helping Kendra get used to her new racing bicycle. She explains that the shifters and brake levers are integrated, and that different actions with the levers either shift the gears, or activate the brakes. These skills that Lucy has acquired from her own experience with cycling are an example of _____ memory
Responda
  • working
  • procedural
  • semantic
  • autobiographical

Questão 37

Questão
It’s easier to do two mental tasks at the same time if;
Responda
  • both are handled by the phonological loop.
  • the central executive is distracted during the dual task.
  • both are handled by the sketchpad.
  • one is handled by the sketchpad, and the other by the phonological loop.

Questão 38

Questão
According to subsequent research on George Miller’s proposal about the capacity of STM is 7 (plus or minus 2);
Responda
  • meaningful units.
  • words.
  • sentences.
  • letters or digits.
  • phrases.

Questão 39

Questão
A memory research participant is given a list of words to memorize. One week later she is tested on the list. If one of the words was “Pear”, which of the following words, which actually didn’t occur on the memorized list, would most likely be incorrectly recalled?
Responda
  • Bear
  • Fear
  • Pair
  • Apple
  • Rear

Questão 40

Questão
Sperling’s experiment using the delayed partial report task demonstrate that;
Responda
  • information in STM must be rehearsed to encode it into LTM.
  • sensory memory has a limited capacity.
  • STM and LTM are separate components of memory.
  • information in visual sensory memory decays in less than a second.

Questão 41

Questão
In an experiment where participants are briefly flashed (for approximately 50 ms) a sequence of letters and are then told to write them down in the same sequence they were presented, it is most likely that the letter “P” will be misidentified as;
Responda
  • “I”
  • “R”
  • “S”
  • “C”
  • “L”

Questão 42

Questão
In the classic Bill Murray move “Groundhog Day”, his character Phil Connors grows increasingly frustrated as he experiences the same day over and over again. With each “new” day, he is able to respond to people’s actions more and more quickly because of;
Responda
  • distributed practice.
  • mental time travel.
  • reconsolidation
  • repetition priming

Questão 43

Questão
The word-length effect means it is more difficult to remember;
Responda
  • a list of different length words than a list of same length words.
  • a list of long words than a list of short words.
  • a long list of words than a short list of words.
  • a list of same length words than a list of different length words.

Questão 44

Questão
Failures of the modal model to explain some kinds of memory behaviors, such as rehearsal, challenged the model’s conceptualization of;
Responda
  • sensory memory.
  • explicit memory.
  • short term memory
  • long term memory.
  • implicit memory.

Questão 45

Questão
Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than a vegetable is an example of _____ memory.
Responda
  • iconic
  • auditory
  • semantic
  • episodic

Questão 46

Questão
Which of the following is the most accurate with regard to autobiographical memory?
Responda
  • Autobiographical memory can involve both episodic and semantic content.
  • When autobiographical memory is impaired, episodic content will cause a blockage of access to related semantic content.
  • It’s impossible to have an autobiographical memory that has only semantic or episodic content but not both.
  • Autobiographical memory is highly accurate from as early as 3 months of age.

Questão 47

Questão
The primary function of “chunking” is to;
Responda
  • visually supplement auditory info with visual encoding.
  • maximize the recency effect.
  • increase capacity of STM.
  • increase memory by grouping items based on sound.

Questão 48

Questão
When the beam from a flashlight is moved quickly around on a wall in a dark room, it can appear as if there’s a trail of light on the wall, even though the beam is at a given spot for only a fraction of a second. This experience occurs because of
Responda
  • top-down processing.
  • episodic buffer.
  • visual persistence.
  • echoic memory

Questão 49

Questão
Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your textbook?
Responda
  • Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory
  • Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with the episodic buffer.
  • Replacing the sensory memory component of the modal model with working memory.
  • Replacing the STM component of the modal model with iconic memory.

Questão 50

Questão
Jill’s friends tell her they think she has a very good memory, so one day she decides to test herself on it. At work each day her supervisor gives her a to-do list, but instead of checking them off the list, she decides to memorize the list. On Monday she is able to memorize 90% of the tasks. On Tuesday her recall drops to 80%. By Friday it has dropped to 30%. This drop in her memory performance is most likely due to;
Responda
  • failure of echoic memory.
  • proactive interference.
  • anterograde amnesia.
  • failing to “chunk” the items on the list.

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