7702716
Descrição
Quiz por Maria McGurrin, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por Maria McGurrin
mais de 7 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
Impaired Production of water fluid from the airway epithelium is known as [blank_start]cystic fibrosis[blank_end].
Responda
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cystic fibrosis
Questão 2
Questão
The thorax is a closed compartment bounded at the neck by muscles and connective tissue and completely separated from the abdomen by a large, dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle called the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end].
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diaphragm
Questão 3
Questão
Type II alveolar cells secrete a detergent like substance known as [blank_start]surfactant[blank_end] that is important for preventing the collapse of the alveoli.
Responda
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surfactant
Questão 4
Questão
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the partial pressure of each gas is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture. Nitrogen is commonly represented at [blank_start]78.8[blank_end] % of the total mixture.
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78.8
Questão 5
Questão
In a normal situation the alveoli contain a higher concentration of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere.
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carbon dioxide
Questão 6
Questão
Alveoli enable extreme increase in [blank_start]surface area[blank_end] and a [blank_start]short[blank_end] diffusion path to [blank_start]enhance[blank_end] diffusive gas exchange.
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surface area
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short
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enhance
Questão 7
Questão
Respiratory pressure is always described relative to [blank_start]atmospheric pressure[blank_end].
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atmospheric pressure
Questão 8
Questão
Pneumothorax is caused by the equalization of [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] pressure with intrapulmonary pressure.
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intrapleural
Questão 9
Questão
[blank_start]Intrapleural pressure[blank_end] is what keeps the lungs open and not flattened.
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Intrapleural pressure
Questão 10
Questão
Boyles Law is the relationship between the [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and volume of gases at a constant temperature.
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pressure
Questão 11
Questão
In a healthy individual, energy is only required for expiration while [blank_start]exercising[blank_end].
Responda
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exercising
Questão 12
Questão
The [blank_start]phrenic nerve[blank_end] is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm, which causes it to move inferiorly as it contracts during [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end].
Responda
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phrenic nerve
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inspiration
Questão 13
Questão
Pulmonary Fibrosis (pictured) is a disease where the normal tissues in the lungs are replaced with [blank_start]scar tissue[blank_end], which is less [blank_start]elastic[blank_end]; it also increases the [blank_start]thickness[blank_end] of the alveoli.
Responda
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scar tissue
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elastic
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thickness
Questão 14
Questão
Lung compliance (shown in the graph) is determined by lung volume and [blank_start]transpulmonary pressure[blank_end].
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transpulmonary pressure
Questão 15
Questão
Two ways to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome is with [blank_start]synthetic surfactant[blank_end] and putting the infant on a [blank_start]ventilator[blank_end]. Without these, the infant’s lungs will [blank_start]collapse[blank_end] at every breath.
Responda
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synthetic surfactant
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ventilator
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collapse
Questão 16
Questão
Flow, [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and resistance are all physical factors that influence lung ventilation.
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pressure
Questão 17
Questão
The amount of gas flowing into and out of the [blank_start]alveoli[blank_end] is directly proportional to change in [blank_start]pressure[blank_end].
Responda
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alveoli
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pressure
Questão 18
Questão
Because of the bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals, there is a [blank_start]2[blank_end] times reduction in radius, resulting in a [blank_start]16[blank_end] times reduction in flow.
Responda
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2
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16
Questão 19
Questão
Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by dissolving in plasma, chemically bound to [blank_start]hemoglobin[blank_end] and as a bicarbonate ion in plasma.
Responda
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hemoglobin
Questão 20
Questão
The respiratory system is one of [blank_start]2[blank_end] major buffering systems in the body, by regulating [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end].
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2
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carbon dioxide
Questão 21
Questão
[blank_start]Dyspnea[blank_end], difficult or labored breathing. is a symptom experienced by both those who have asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Dyspnea
Questão 22
Questão
High fever, night sweats, and weight loss are all symptoms of [blank_start]tuberculosis[blank_end].
Responda
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tuberculosis
Questão 23
Questão
The [blank_start]concentration difference[blank_end] and [blank_start]barrier thickness[blank_end] or diffusion path are both needed to calculate the diffusion rate using Fick’s Diffusion Equation.
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concentration difference
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barrier thickness
Questão 24
Questão
[blank_start]Hypoxemia[blank_end] is a type of hypoxia caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.
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Hypoxemia
Questão 25
Questão
CO2 is [blank_start]more[blank_end] soluble than H2O
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more
Questão 26
Questão
The partial pressure of CO2 in tissue is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] than the partial pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream
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higher
Questão 27
Questão
A reduced alveolar ventilation causes the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] and the partial pressure of oxygen to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end], which prompt pulmonary arterioles to [blank_start]constrict[blank_end].
Responda
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increase
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decrease
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constrict
Questão 28
Questão
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
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Ischemic
Questão 29
Questão
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
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bicarbonate buffer system
Questão 30
Questão
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
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a chloride ion
Questão 31
Questão
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
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increases
Questão 32
Questão
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
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rhythm generating neurons
Questão 33
Questão
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
Responda
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Ischemic
Questão 34
Questão
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
Responda
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bicarbonate buffer system
Questão 35
Questão
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
Responda
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a chloride ion
Questão 36
Questão
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
Responda
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increases
Questão 37
Questão
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
Responda
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rhythm generating neurons
Questão 38
Questão
Muscle glycogen depletion, known colloquially as [blank_start]hitting the wall[blank_end] occurs when the shift to lipid oxidation fails to meet ATP demand, despite adequate O2 supply to the mitochondria. (Lecture 4)
Responda
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hitting the wall
Questão 39
Questão
[blank_start]Diastolic blood pressure[blank_end] remains the same during exercise.
Responda
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Diastolic blood pressure
Questão 40
Questão
Cardiac output in a trained individual is [blank_start]the same as[blank_end] cardiac output in an untrained individual.
Responda
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the same as
Questão 41
Questão
The scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and erector spinae muscles are examples of [blank_start]inspiratory muscles[blank_end].
Responda
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inspiratory muscles
Questão 42
Questão
[blank_start]Aerobic scope[blank_end] is VO2max / resting metabolic rate.
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Aerobic scope
Questão 43
Questão
Cost of transport [blank_start]does not change[blank_end] with training.
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does not change
Questão 44
Questão
Cost of transport [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with % body fat and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with size.
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decreases
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decreases
Questão 45
Questão
If you exercise above your VO2 max, you create a larger [blank_start]oxygen deficit[blank_end].
Responda
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oxygen deficit
Questão 46
Questão
When [blank_start]lipids[blank_end] and carbohydrates are depleted, protein is used as fuel.
Responda
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lipids
Questão 47
Questão
In a non-starving individual exercising at a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 85, [blank_start]1/2[blank_end] of their energy is coming from lipids.
Responda
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1/2
Questão 48
Questão
Walking is [blank_start]more[blank_end] energy efficient than running.
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more
Questão 49
Questão
Aerobic scope is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] for animals who are better runners.
Responda
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higher
Questão 50
Questão
Once your rate of energy usage exceeds VO2max, you switch to [blank_start]anaerobic respiration[blank_end] and start accumulating [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end].
Responda
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anaerobic respiration
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lactic acid
Questão 51
Questão
In the figure above, graph A represents [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end], which is the same regardless of training; graph B represents [blank_start]heart rate[blank_end], which is lower in trained individuals; and graph C represents [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end], which is lower in untrained individuals.
Responda
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cardiac output
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heart rate
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stroke volume
Questão 52
Questão
The muscle labeled 'A' is the the [blank_start]external oblique[blank_end] muscle, which is an [blank_start]expiratory[blank_end] muscle.
Responda
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external oblique
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expiratory
Questão 53
Questão
The black line, representing [blank_start]available ATP[blank_end] is the first fuel source used; the blue line, representing [blank_start]PCr (phosphocreatine)[blank_end] is the secondary fuel source; the purple line [blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] is the tertiary fuel source. [blank_start]Oxydative phosphorylation[blank_end], represented by the red line, takes a time to start producing energy, but is more sustainable.
Responda
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available ATP
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PCr (phosphocreatine)
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glycolysis
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Oxydative phosphorylation
Questão 54
Questão
The slope of this line is [blank_start]net cost of transport[blank_end].
Responda
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net cost of transport
Questão 55
Questão
Graph [blank_start]B[blank_end] is likely to be more accurate because it controlled for more variables than did graph [blank_start]A[blank_end].
Responda
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B
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A
Questão 56
Questão
[blank_start]Diffusion rate[blank_end], represented by the red line on the graph, doesn’t change as body mass changes.
Responda
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Diffusion rate
Questão 57
Questão
This graph is known as a [blank_start]Kleiber curve[blank_end].
Responda
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Kleiber curve
Questão 58
Questão
Hemoglobin oxygen affinity goes [blank_start]down[blank_end] when temperature is increased.
Responda
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down
Questão 59
Questão
In individuals who exercise regularly, total peripheral resistance [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] and the number of capillary beds around the lungs [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
Responda
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decreases
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increases
Questão 60
Questão
The unlabeled structures in the image to the left are [blank_start]Alveoli[blank_end].
Responda
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Alveoli
Questão 61
Questão
If you exercise close to your VO2 max, you’re burning primarily [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].
Responda
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glycogen
Questão 62
Questão
In a condition known as [blank_start]Pulmonary Edema[blank_end] diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries is impaired by some of the alveoli filling with fluid.
Responda
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Pulmonary Edema
Questão 63
Questão
[blank_start]Asthma[blank_end] is a disease treated with leukotriene inhibitors, inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilator drugs.
Responda
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Asthma
Questão 64
Questão
In the image to the left: The blank is pointing to a collection of [blank_start]aortic bodies[blank_end]
Responda
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aortic bodies
Questão 65
Questão
[blank_start]Anemic hypoxia[blank_end] occurs when arterial PO2 is normal but the total oxygen content of the blood is decreased because of inadequate numbers of erythrocytes, deficient or abnormal hemoglobin or competition for the hemoglobin molecule by carbon monoxide.
Responda
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Anemic hypoxia
Questão 66
Questão
A group of sensory receptors that are stimulated by strenuous exercise, pulmonary embolism or left ventricular heart failure are known as [blank_start]J receptors[blank_end].
Responda
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J receptors
Questão 67
Questão
[blank_start]Squamous cell carcinoma[blank_end] makes up 20% to 40% of all lung cancer cases and arises in the bronchial epithelium.
Responda
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Squamous cell carcinoma
Questão 68
Questão
[blank_start]Obstructive Emphysema[blank_end] is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and deterioration of the alveolar walls. This inflammation leads to damage of the pulmonary capillaries.
Responda
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Obstructive Emphysema
Questão 69
Questão
The unlabeled structure in the image to the left is [blank_start]ventral respiratory group[blank_end].
Responda
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ventral respiratory group
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