Biochemistry Exam 5- 2nd Year-2nd Semester- PMU

Question

Which of the following is true?

Answer 1

Transaminases are specific for only one pair of α-amino and α-keto acids

Answer 2

Transaminases co-work with Vitamin B1 (thiamine pyrophosphate) as coenzyme

Answer 3

Transaminases co-work with Vitamin B6 (pyridoxal phosphate) as coenzyme

Answer 4

Transaminases fix ammonia as amino group in amino acids

Answer 5

Transaminases release free ammonia from α-amino acids

Answer 6

Lysine, Cysteine and Proline

Answer 7

Glycine, Alanine and Proline

Answer 8

Leucine, lsoleucine and Valine

Answer 9

Aspartate, Glutamate and Serine

Answer 10

Leucine, Phenylalanine and Tyrosine

Answer 11

lsoleucine

Answer 12

Glutamine biosynthesis in brain

Answer 13

Urea biosynthesis in muscles

Answer 14

Alanine biosynthesis in muscles

Answer 15

Urea biosynthesis in liver

Answer 16

NH4+ formation in kidney

Answer 17

the enzyme is regulated

Answer 18

the enzyme is associated with the respiratory chain and the formation of energy

Answer 19

the enzyme uses FAD as cofactor

Answer 20

the enzyme uses NAD+ as cofactor

Answer 21

urea catabolizes in urea cycle

Answer 22

it does not use cell energy

Answer 23

it has mitochondrial and cytosol phase

Answer 24

in urea cycle a toxic product is converted into less toxic product which is excreted

Answer 25

Carbamoyl phosphate

Answer 26

Carbamoyl phosphate

Answer 27

it is characterised by elevated concentration of uric acid in blood

Answer 28

it may be due to overproduction of purine nucleotides or decreased renal excretion of uric acid

Answer 29

many of the clinical symptoms arise because of the high solubility of uric acid in the aqueous environment

Answer 30

allopurinol is used for the treatment of gout since it inhibits xanthine oxidase

Answer 31

β-aminoisobutyrate

Answer 32

β-alanine

Answer 33

NH3 and CO2

Answer 34

mitochondria

Answer 35

both cytosol and mitochondria

Answer 36

cytosol, mitochondria and cell nucleus

Answer 37

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 38

heme is synthesized from succinyl-CoA and glycine

Answer 39

heme is synthesized from aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate

Answer 40

heme is an example of iron porphyrins

Answer 41

heme is an example of magnesium porphyrins

Answer 42

the clinical condition jaundice is due to elevation of bilirubin in blood plasma

Answer 43

in prehepatic jaundice only the direct bilirubin is increased in serum

Answer 44

in hepatic jaundice only the indirect bilirubin is increased in serum

Answer 45

in posthepatic (obstructive) jaundice urine urobilinogen is absent

Answer 46

the neonatal physiologic jaundice results from an accelerated hemolysis around the time of birth and an immature hepatic system for the uptake, conjugation and excretion of bilirubin

Answer 47

Gilbert Syndrome is caused by deficiency in biliverdin reductase

Answer 48

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 uses glutamine for the synthesis of urea

Answer 49

NH3 may be toxic to the brain because ammonia reacts with α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate and this results in depletion of the levels of α-ketoglutarate which impairs the function of the TCA cycle in neurons

Answer 50

clinical symptoms of ammonia intoxication include tremor, slurred speech, blurred vision, coma and ultimately death

Answer 51

a high protein diet and starvation result in induction of urea cycle enzymes

Answer 52

Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the synthesis of dTMP

Answer 53

H4 folate derivatives serve as one carbon donor for purine biosynthesis de novo

Answer 54

ribonucleotide reductase plays important role in RNA synthesis

Answer 55

CTP is produced by amination of UTP by CTP synthetase

Answer 56

they use thiamine diphosphate as a coenzyme

Answer 57

they use pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme

Answer 58

the ALAT content increases in cardiac infarction

Answer 59

the ASAT and ALAT content increases in liver disease (e.g: hepatitis)

Answer 60

α-ketoglutarate

Answer 61

acetoacetate

Answer 62

oxaloacetate

Answer 63

γ-aminobutyrate (GABA)

Answer 64

adrenaline

Answer 65

they use NAD + as a coenzyme

Answer 66

they use pyridoxal phosphate as a coenzyme

Answer 67

the ASAT content increases in cardiac infarction

Answer 68

the ASAT and ALAT content decreases in liver disease (e.g hepatitis)

Answer 69

arginine and glycine are used for the biosynthesis of creatine

Answer 70

creatine phospate serves a storage form of energy in muscles, heart and brain

Answer 71

creatine kinase catalyses the reaction creatine phosphate -> creatinine

Answer 72

when ATP is utilized as a source of energy for muscular contraction creatine phosphate maintains its concentration

Answer 73

acetylcholine

Answer 74

α-ketoglutarate

Answer 75

oxaloacetate

Answer 76

Creatinine

Answer 77

Ammonium cations

Answer 78

Uric acids

Answer 79

Pyrimidine ring is formed by adding atoms to PRPP

Answer 80

PRPP is added to the already formed pyrimidine ring

Answer 81

Derivatives of tetrahydrofolate (THF) are necessary for TMP production

Answer 82

SAM is necessary for TMP production

Answer 83

N7, C8 and N9 from glycine

Answer 84

C4, C5 and N7 from glycine

Answer 85

C6 from CO2

Answer 86

C8 from CO2

Answer 87

hemosiderin is the major iron-storage protein

Answer 88

ferritin is the major iron-storage protein

Answer 89

transrefin can bind only ferrous cations ( Fe3+)

Answer 90

transrefin can bind only ferrous cations ( Fe2+)

Answer 91

the major regulator of piasma iron concentration is the humoral factor hepcidin

Answer 92

oxaloacetate

Answer 93

acetoacetate

Answer 94

α-ketoglutarate

Answer 95

isocitrate

Answer 96

Ammonia (NH3)

Answer 97

Arginine -> Ornithine + Urea

Answer 98

Ornithine + Carbamoyl phosphate -> Citrulline

Answer 99

NH3 + CO2 -> Carbamoyl phosphate

Answer 100

Citrulline + Aspartate -> Arginosuccinate

Answer 101

Argininosuccinate -> Arginine + Fumarate

Answer 102

phenylalanine is hydroxylated to tyrosine

Answer 103

phenylalanine hydroxylases uses NADPH + H+ as a cofactor

Answer 104

a deficiency of homogentisate oxidase cause tyrosinemia type 2

Answer 105

a deficiency of phenyalanine hydroxylase results in higher concentration of phenylpyruvate, phenylpyruvate, phenyllactate and phenylacetate

Answer 106

phenylalanine hydroxylase uses ascorbic acid as a cofactor

Answer 107

Purine ring formed by adding atoms to PRPP

Answer 108

PRPP to the already formed purine ring

Answer 109

Derivatives Of tetrahydrofolate (THF) are necessary for purine synthesis

Answer 110

SAM is necessary for purine synthesis

Answer 111

hephaestin and ceruloplasmln are both ferrireductases, but with different localization

Answer 112

hepcidin decreases serum iron by blocking ferroportin (IREG1)

Answer 113

the major iron depot is the hemosiderin in liver

Answer 114

transferrin is a non-heme iron-transport protein

Answer 115

normally urine does not contain urobilinogen

Answer 116

heme oxygenase requires NADH+H+ as a cofactor

Answer 117

in prehepatic jaundice (hemolytic anemia) there is an increase of urine urobilinogen

Answer 118

hepatic (parenchymal) jaundice is characterized by increase only of indirect bilirubin

Answer 119

posthepatic (obstructive) jaundice is characterized by an increase in direct bilirubin and pale feces

Answer 120

methionine

Answer 121

phenylalanine

Answer 122

tryptophan

Answer 123

Epinephrine

Answer 124

it is located in the mitochondria

Answer 125

it is located in both the mitochondria and the cytosol

Answer 126

the main regulatory enzyme is ALA synthase

Answer 127

the main regulatory enzyme is ALA dehydratase

Answer 128

porphyrias can be caused by a deficiency in ALA syntahse

Answer 129

heme is the major allosteric inhibitor and gene suppresor synthesis

Answer 130

Thyroid hormones

Answer 131

The major regulatory enzyme of "de novo" purine synthesis is ALA synthetase

Answer 132

The major regulatory enzyme of ”de novo” purine synthesis is Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase

Answer 133

There is a cross regulation between adenosine and guanosine nucleotides production

Answer 134

PRPP is the major allosteric inhibitor of ”de novo” purine synthesis

Answer 135

Gout can be caused by decreased activity of PRPP synthetase and increased activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPGT)

Answer 136

normally urine does not contain bilirubin

Answer 137

bilverdin reductase converts the green pigment biliverdin into direct bilirubin using NADPH + H+ as a cofactor

Answer 138

in prehepatic jaundice (hemolytic) there are only traces of urobililinogen in urine

Answer 139

hepatic (parenchymal) jaundice is characterized by an increase in urine urobilinogen

Answer 140

posthepatic (obstructive) jaundice is characterized by an increase in direct bilirubin and dark feces

Answer 141

bilirubin-UDP glucuronosyltransferase is deficient in Gilbert's syndrome

Answer 142

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 is a cytosolic enzyme

Answer 143

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 is a mitochondrial enzyme

Answer 144

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 uses glutamine as nitrogen donor

Answer 145

carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 is activated by N-acetyl glutamate

Answer 146

the respiaratory chain cytochromes

Answer 147

hemoglobin

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Biochemistry Exam 5- 2nd Year-2nd Semester- PMU

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