Objectives-you should know and understand:
• The bones of the cranium and facial skeleton and how they are joined
• The meninges and their structural and functional properties in both
the brain and spinal cord
• The ventricular system and flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
It is composed of 7 laterally visible bones and one internally visible bone(ethmoid).
There are two frontal bones.
The parietal bones sit anterior to the occipital lobe/bone.
The temporal bones sit superior to the parietal bones.
The sphenoid bone cannot be completely seen from the outside of the skull, but can be seen on both sides
Questão 4
Questão
Which statement is false?
Responda
The coronal suture joins parietal and frontal bones.
The lambdoidal suture joins occipital and parietal bones.
The squamous suture links the temporal and occipital bones.
Questão 5
Questão
Choose the correct statements about the infantile skull.
Responda
Gaps between sutures are called fontanelles.
The naming conventions of the 'sutures' do not change.
Fontanelles allow the sutures to develop slowly so that they are structurally solid by adulthood and perform their protective function.
Premature closure of fontanelles and formation of sutures can lead to cognitive impairment during puberty or later in life.
Questão 6
Questão
There are 14 facials bones, but only seven are visible. Which statement about the visible facial bones is true?
Responda
There is one zygomatic bone.
The maxillary bone is inferior to the mandible.
There are four nasal bones.
The mandible is the largest facial bone.
Questão 7
Questão
Choose the false statements about the meninges.
Responda
The pia mater sits directly below the dura mater.
The dura mater has two layers, the first can form dural reflections.
There are four dural reflections which separate regions of the brain.
Questão 8
Questão
The venous sinus allows drainage from the brain and sits between the two layers pia mater and dura mater.
Responda
True
False
Questão 9
Questão
Which statement about the arachnoid layer is false?
Responda
It contains blood vessels
It extends into the sulci
It has granulations/villi which perforate the dura to allow CSF drainage via the venous sinus
Questão 10
Questão
The pia mater is the most delicate of the meninges, adhering closely to the brain's surface. It is also the only layer which extends into the sulci.
Responda
True
False
Questão 11
Questão
Choose the correct statements about the ventricular system?
Responda
CSF is produced by special tissue, the choroid plexus, which lines the ventricles.
There are two lateral ventricles, which connect to the third ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct.
The third ventricle is superior to the fourth ventricle.
The cerebral aqueduct connects to the central canal.
CSF leaves to the sub-arachnoid space via the lateral apertures.
Questão 12
Questão
A [blank_start]blockage[blank_end] in the [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end] increases intracranial pressure. In infants and young children who still have [blank_start]fontanelles[blank_end], this can result in swelling of the ventricles and [blank_start]brain[blank_end] leading to progressive enlargement of the [blank_start]head[blank_end]. Other symptoms include convulsion, tunnel vision, and mental disability.
Responda
blockage
ventricles
fontanelles
head
brain
Questão 13
Questão
Which statement about the dural reflections is correct?
Responda
The falx cerebri separates the cerebellar hemispheres.
The falx cerebelli separates the cerebral hemispheres.
The falx cerebelli sits in the lateral plane.
The tentorium cerebelli sits in the horizontal plane.
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