• Describe the function of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis and provide examples
• Define the terms endocrine gland, hormone, receptor and target cell.
• Describe the mechanism of hormone action for peptide hormones and
catecholamines (water-soluble hormones).
• Describe the mechanism of hormone action for steroid hormones and thyroid
hormones (lipid-soluble hormones).
•Be able to provide examples of hormonal
feedback control.
Which of these is not a function of the endocrine system?
Responda
Regulation of the internal environment
Control of energy metabolism
Control of growth
Control of reproduction and development
Control of blood circulation
Questão 2
Questão
Hormones are [blank_start]chemical messengers[blank_end] carried in the [blank_start]blood[blank_end], secreted by [blank_start]endocrine gland cells[blank_end]. They travel to all parts of the body but only affect [blank_start]target cells[blank_end].
Responda
chemical messengers
blood
endocrine gland cells
target cells
Questão 3
Questão
Peptides are chains of amino acids which are soluble in water.
Responda
True
False
Questão 4
Questão
Choose the correct statements about water-soluble hormones.
Responda
Peptides are the most common kind of water soluble hormones.
Catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are the less common type of water soluble hormones.
Water-soluble hormones are made and released immediately via exocytosis.
They travel in the blood dissolved.
Their receptors are intracellular.
Questão 5
Questão
Choose the incorrect statement about lipid-soluble hormones.
Responda
They are insoluble in water.
Steroids and thyroid hormones are lipid-soluble hormones.
They are transported bound to a carrier protein in the blood.
Their receptors are intracellular.
Thyroid hormones are not stored, but steroids are stored.
Questão 6
Questão
Steroids are made from modifying the base steroid cholesterol.
Responda
True
False
Questão 7
Questão
In the cellular response to receptor activation by water soluble hormones, the [blank_start]binding[blank_end] of the hormone to the membrane receptor activates an [blank_start]associated protein[blank_end]. There is typically an [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] next in the transfer of information which then produces a [blank_start]secondary messenger[blank_end]. [blank_start]Secondary messengers[blank_end] can go on to activate more proteins and/or enzymes in a chain until the [blank_start]cell response[blank_end] is produced, which can take anywhere from [blank_start]milliseconds to minutes[blank_end].
Responda
binding
associated protein
enzyme
secondary messenger
Secondary messengers
cell response
milliseconds to minutes
minutes to hours
Questão 8
Questão
Label the steps of cellular responses to lipid-soluble hormones from first (1) to last (7).
[blank_start]3[blank_end]. Hormone binds to intracellular receptor.
[blank_start]7[blank_end]. New protein mediates cell's specific response (hours - days)
[blank_start]4[blank_end]. Hormone-receptor complex acts as a specific transcription factor.
[blank_start]2[blank_end]. Hormone diffuses across membrane.
[blank_start]5[blank_end]. New mRNA is generated.
[blank_start]1[blank_end]. Lipid soluble hormone dissociates from carrier protein.
[blank_start]6[blank_end]. New protein is generated by translation of mRNA
Responda
1
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7
1
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6
1
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7
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7
1
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7
1
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7
1
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7
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