L12 Unique plant structures: vacuoles and plastids
Descrição
• Describe the structure and functions of the vacuole.
• Describe the structure and function of the chloroplasts.
• Summarise plastid development and functions.
• Outline how cellular functions are partitioned within the cell, using the chloroplast as an
example.
The membrane of the vacuole is called the [blank_start]tonoplast[blank_end]. A young plant cell will have many [blank_start]small[blank_end] vacuoles, while a mature plant cell will typically have [blank_start]one[blank_end] big vacuole.
Responda
tonoplast
small
one
Questão 2
Questão
Choose the correct statements about vacuoles.
Responda
They are produced by the Golgi and associated endoplasmic reticulum.
They regulate cell turgor.
They store ribosomes for protein synthesis.
They store primary and secondary metabolites.
They contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes.
Questão 3
Questão
Secondary metabolites are growth associated.
Responda
True
False
Questão 4
Questão
Which of these is not a primary metabolite?
Responda
Inorganic ions
Organic acids
Sugars
Lipids
Amino acids
Proteins
All of these are primary metabolites.
Questão 5
Questão
Choose the incorrect statement about secondary metabolites.
Responda
Latex is a secondary metabolite used to deter insects.
Secondary metabolites can be for defense or for signalling.
Raphides (crystallised calcium oxalate) are a secondary metabolite used to deter larvae.
Aloe contains latex in vacuoles.
None of these are incorrect.
Vincristine and vinblastine are secondary metabolites used to attract pollinators.
Anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite which is a pigment.
Questão 6
Questão
The vacuole can degrade macromolecules and organelles in a process very similar to the lysosomes found in plant cells.
Responda
True
False
Questão 7
Questão
High concentrations of solutes in the vacuole give it a [blank_start]positive[blank_end] osmotic potential. This results in water [blank_start]uptake[blank_end] via osmosis as water moves freely through the tonoplast. The cell wall enables water uptake without [blank_start]bursting[blank_end], creating turgor pressure. [blank_start]Loss[blank_end] of turgor pressure results in wilting but will generally not damage the plant in the long term.
Responda
positive
negative
uptake
loss
bursting
loss of rigidity
Loss
Gain
Questão 8
Questão
Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is linear.
Responda
True
False
Questão 9
Questão
Match the plastids to their function:
[blank_start]Chloroplasts[blank_end] carry out photosynthesis.
[blank_start]Chromoplasts[blank_end] manufacture and store pigments.
[blank_start]Leucoplasts[blank_end] store starch/assimilates.
[blank_start]Proplastids[blank_end] can differentiate into other plastids.
Responda
Chloroplasts
Chromoplasts
Leucoplasts
Proplastids
Questão 10
Questão
Light reactions take place in the stroma. Dark reactions/the Calvin Cycle take place in the thylakoids/Granum.
Responda
True
False
Questão 11
Questão
The oxygen released from photosynthesis comes from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.
Responda
True
False
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