• Explain what is meant by the term “selective toxicity”.
• Identify 5 bacterial cell components targeted by different classes of antibiotics.
• Describe some of the mechanisms of the development of antibiotic resistance and discuss how to reduce its development.
• Outline the source, mode of action, importance and factors potentially compromising the successful application of penicillin to the control of bacterial infections.
The toxicity of a treatment of antibiotics gauged by effect on the host cells.
The property of antibiotics that allow them to kill microbial cells but not the host cells.
The property of a drug meaning they affect only some cells and not other. One which kills microbial cells but not host cells is an ideal antibiotic.
Questão 2
Questão
How does penicillin work?
Responda
It interferes with the formation of the peptidoglycan wall by inhibiting formation of cross links.
It mimics the enzyme which forms the polyglycopeptides preventing the NAG NAM chain from forming.
Questão 3
Questão
What are five ways bacteria can be targeted by microbes?
Responda
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane
Inhibition of general metabolic pathway
Inhibition of DNA/RNA synthesis
Degradation of intracellular enzymes
Opsonisation of flagella
Questão 4
Questão
Antibiotic resistance will be conferred on the [blank_start]survivors[blank_end] of an antibiotic, hence the microbe has a [blank_start]selection pressure[blank_end] to evolve to resist antibiotics. An example of this is enzyme [blank_start]beta-lactamase[blank_end] produced by some microbes, which breaks and disables the [blank_start]lactam[blank_end] ring of penicillin.
Microbial resistance can also be passed on by [blank_start]vertical or horizontal[blank_end] gene transfer.
Responda
survivors
selection pressure
beta-lactamase
lactam
vertical or horizontal
Questão 5
Questão
Which of these is not a method to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance?
Responda
Decrease antibiotic utilisation
Combination therapy
Improve diagnostics
Identify new targets
Identify new antibiotics
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