Epidemiology Week 7

Which of the following is not a part of the internal validity checks researchers evaluate before declaring a true association?

A researcher is beginning an experiment to study the association between depression and rejection from medical school. He begins with choosing his observational and experimental groups. The observational group comes from first year medical students at KCUMB. In the experimental (Rejection) group, he only includes students who attended either Harvard and National American University. What kind of bias is in this study by his poor planning alone?

For studies that measure the association between exposure and outcomes, non-differential misclassification has what effect on the risk ratio?

Differential misclassification bias can either inflate or attenuate the effect estimates of association in relation to 1.0

Which of the following is not part of the observer-related measurement biases?

Which term describes a psychological phenomenon in which participants in behavioral studies change their behavior or performance in response to being observed?

[blank_start]Cause[blank_end] is a precursor event, condition or characteristic required for the occurrence of the disease or outcome

Which of the following types of associations can potentially arise from confounding?

A man tests positive for HIV. He put himself at risk by not using protected sex, continuous exposure to a person with HIV, and not using antiretroviral drugs after the exposures of HIV. These three conditions summed up to his positive result. Together, what can these three conditions be referred to as?

Which of the. following are part of Hill's Criteria (Guidelines)

Drinking 8 oz of wine each night has been linked to a decrease in heart issues, stress, and a marked increase in overall happiness. Scientists first found the relationship to these benefits with 1 oz. Then, the results were proven with 2 oz. Then, 4 oz, and finally 8 oz. Assuming this is all true and it is not possible to poison oneself with alcohol, what is this situation an example of?

This picture is an example of what?

Students at KCUMB conduct a small experiment to determine the association between the variety of meals the residents of CT cook and the size of the kitchen appliances. They find that there is no association, so they fail to reject the null hypothesis (H0). In reality, though, students here are extremely limited to what they can cook because of the small size of the ovens in the rental units. What kind of error is this?

The interventional study design in phase [blank_start]4[blank_end] has the highest level of evidence compared to the other phases.

A sample is a representation of the complete population.

What is the major difference between consent and assent?

The Ethics Committee, regulated by federal statues developed by the department of health and human services, is better known as?

If the IRB had been around during the time of the "Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male" and the researchers for this study required IRB approval, what level of IRB review would they have had to go through? (Considering the risk of the participants was very large--syphillis was intentionally untreated in some members of the study, unbeknownst to the participants).

Multiple component causes working in concert to collectively become sufficient causes is [blank_start]multiple causation[blank_end].

A specific cancer can ONLY be caused if the patient was exposed to a certain chemical OR had the specific gene. This is an example of