Epi

What aspects are needed to declare a real true association?

What elements impact bias?

Those that wish to participate/volunteer may be different in some way to those that don't volunteer or self-select (refusal/non-response) to participate

Exposed/diseased patients may remember better or amplify/exaggerate their responses is an example of the [blank_start]Hawthorne effect[blank_end]

Blind interviews, training the staff alike, and conducting surveys electronically are all examples of ways to prevent [blank_start]interviewer/proficiency bias[blank_end]

Early detection and treatment of a disease skews the results, this is called [blank_start]Lead-time bias[blank_end]

A study on the relationship of running and average BMI is conducted. Participants are all on a volunteer basis. There is likely to be [blank_start]self-selection or participant responder[blank_end] bias.

Blinding or masking and allocating observers or interviewers are examples of [blank_start]controlling for biases[blank_end]

All of the following are part of Hills guidelines except

Hard-and-fast rules of evidence can be generated by which we can judge the likelihood of causation.

Rheumatoid arthritis leading to physical inactivity is a [blank_start]non-causal[blank_end] association

Tuberculosis is an example of a disease that may or may not cause the development for disease in other people. This is an example of [blank_start]necessary cause[blank_end] (a type of causal relationship)

Patients who smoke have an increased risk of developing lung cancer. Which of the following describes the smoking risk?

Patients who have chronic back pain are more likely to remember days or incidences where their pain is more pronounced better than non-chronic pain patients. What is this an example of

What are the key principles of bioethics?