Question 1
Question
In the formation of nitrobenzene from benzene, what is the role of the nitronium ion?
Answer
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Nucleophile
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Electrophile
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Catalyst
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Reducing agent
Question 2
Question
Which of the following will produce effervescence when added to sodium hydrogencarbonate?
Answer
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Ethanoyl chloride
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Ethanol
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Ethanoic acid
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Ethanoic anhydride
Question 3
Question
What catalyst is used in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions?
Question 4
Question
Which TWO types of reaction are involved in the formation of lactic acid from ethanal?
Question 5
Question
Which of the following is not a use of esters?
Answer
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Soap
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Flavourings
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Cooking oil
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Solvents
Question 6
Question
Kekulé suggested that benzene had the structure cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene.
The enthalpy of hydrogenation of cyclohexene is -120kJ/mol, and that of benzene is -208kJ/mol.
This shows that
Answer
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Kekulé's model is correct
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Benzene is more thermodynamically stable than Kekulé's model suggests
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Benzene is less thermodynamically stable than Kekulé's model suggests
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Benzene is more reactive than Kekulé's model suggests
Question 7
Question
Racemic mixtures are optically inactive.
Question 8
Question
What is the reducing agent used to reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols?
Question 9
Question
Which of the following are products of a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction?
Answer
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Hydrochloric acid
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Water
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Acyl chloride
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Aromatic ketone
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Benzene
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Acylium ion
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Tetrachloroaluminate ion
Question 10
Question
A chiral compound is one which exhibits geometric isomerism.
Question 11
Question
Which of the following is NOT a reason why ethanoic anhydride is preferred over ethanoyl chloride in the industrial synthesis of aspirin?
Answer
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Ethanoic anhydride reacts more easily with salicylic acid.
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Ethanoic anhydride is cheaper.
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Ethanoic anhydride is safer.
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Ethanoic anhydride does not react easily with water.
Question 12
Question
What is the reduction product of the reaction of an aldehyde with Tollens' reagent?
Answer
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A carboxylic acid
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A primary alcohol
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Silver
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Ammonia
Question 13
Question
Benzene will undergo which of the following reactions?
Question 14
Question
What mechanism is involved in the reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols?
Question 15
Question
Ethanoic anhydride is more reactive than ethanoyl chloride.
Question 16
Question
When synthesising drugs, manufacturers often find that they make a racemate due to the chirality of the drug. The enantiomers can be hard to separate. For what TWO reasons is this a problem?
Answer
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The enantiomers reflect polarised light in opposite directions
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Enzymes are specific to optical isomers, so one of them is likely to be ineffective
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One of the isomers may have harmful side effects
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Racemates are toxic
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Laboratory reactions should never produce racemates
Question 17
Question
Positive enantiomers reflect a plane of polarised light anticlockwise.
Question 18
Question
What are the products of the reaction of 1-ethylpropylbenzoate with water?
Answer
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Phenol and 2-methylbutanoic acid
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Pentan-3-ol and benzoic acid
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Pentan-2-ol and benzoic acid
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Propanol and 1-ethylbenzoic acid