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Project Management Final CH 1-10

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Contains all questions and answers from the previous chapter exams (CH 1-10)
Anthony Schulmeister
Quiz by Anthony Schulmeister, updated more than 1 year ago
Anthony Schulmeister
Created by Anthony Schulmeister almost 7 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Identify the example that would not usually be considered a project.
Answer
  • building a house
  • developing a computer software application program
  • hosting a wedding reception
  • assembly line manufacturing of automobiles

Question 2

Question
According to the authors, the prime objectives of project management are
Answer
  • scope, cost, time
  • quality, scope, schedule
  • customer satisfaction, budget, schedule
  • cost, quality, customer satisfaction

Question 3

Question
In a conventional project lifecycle, as work progresses, uncertainty about the expected outcome should
Answer
  • become a constant
  • decrease
  • increase
  • be fully removed

Question 4

Question
The attributes that characterize a project are
Answer
  • purpose, repetition, inter-dependencies, consistency, uncertainty, conflict, and one¬time occurrence
  • life cycle, schedule, cost, uncertainty, independence, uniqueness, and purpose
  • resources, uniqueness, conflict, inter-dependencies, one-time occurrence, and finite duration,
  • purpose, life cycle, conflict, certainty, independence, performance, and finite duration

Question 5

Question
The "stretched-5" pattern observed during the project lifecycle, for the most part, is a result of the
Answer
  • changing levels of resources used during successive stages of the project lifecycle
  • changing attitudes of the people who work in the project
  • difficulty in performing the individual activities of a project
  • principle that work expands to fill the allotted time

Question 6

Question
The desired outcomes or results of a project are called
Answer
  • subgroups
  • work packages
  • subprojects
  • deliverables

Question 7

Question
Earned value is based on the concept that the percentage of project completion is closely correlated with
Answer
  • the number of levels in the project
  • relevance of the project
  • cost or the use of resources
  • final assembly of the output

Question 8

Question
Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of project success?
Answer
  • opening new opportunities for the future
  • number of people working on the project
  • impact on the customer
  • business impact on the organization

Question 9

Question
The project to construct a highway is unique because
Answer
  • the characteristics of terrain will be different for different segments
  • consistency of the concrete will vary for different segments
  • different types of laborers will be used to build various segments of the highway
  • different people manage different sections of the highway

Question 10

Question
Projects often interact with other projects being carried out simultaneously within the organization and these interactions take the form of competition for scarce resources between project. This is an example of project
Answer
  • bottleneck
  • breakdown
  • interdependencies
  • malfunctioning

Question 11

Question
When done properly, project management begins with
Answer
  • stakeholder interviews
  • scope definition
  • the initial concept for the project
  • budget estimation

Question 12

Question
The chance that project processes or outcomes will not turn out as planned is called
Answer
  • risk
  • projecting
  • effort
  • negative outcome

Question 13

Question
Having only partial or no information about the situation or outcomes is called
Answer
  • uncertainty
  • risk
  • effort
  • cluelessness

Question 14

Question
Relations between organizational functions, where one function or task is dependent on others, are known as
Answer
  • interdependencies
  • links
  • projects
  • tasks

Question 15

Question
The of the project team is a crucial but unstated element of ancillary trade- offs that the project manager must consider.
Answer
  • health
  • plan
  • task
  • effort

Question 16

Question
The project is generally credited with beginning the era of modern project management
Answer
  • Manhattan
  • Chicago
  • Great Wall of China
  • Egyptian pyramids

Question 17

Question
is a subset of a project consisting of work packages
Answer
  • task
  • program
  • project
  • process

Question 18

Question
Projects are bound by the three objectives of scope, time, and cost. These are collectively referred to as the
Answer
  • Triple Constraint
  • Triple Factors
  • Three Constraints
  • Triple Play

Question 19

Question
Individuals or groups with a special interest in a project are called
Answer
  • stakeholders
  • project managers
  • leaders
  • directors

Question 20

Question
The production of weekly employment reports or the delivery of mail could be considered a
Answer
  • project
  • non-project
  • quasi-projects
  • triple projects

Question 21

Question
Which of the following demonstrates the quality of flexibility required of a project selection model?
Answer
  • It does not require special interpretation, data that are difficult to acquire, or excessive personnel.
  • It gives valid results within the range of conditions that the firm might experience.
  • It reflects the multiple objectives of both the firm and its managers.
  • It deals with situations both internal and external to the project.

Question 22

Question
The two basic types of project selection models identified in the text are
Answer
  • biased and unbiased
  • numeric and nonnumeric
  • active and passive
  • numeric and qualitative

Question 23

Question
If a system is being updated due to operating necessity, the project was selected because
Answer
  • the system is worth saving at any cost
  • the system is worth saving at the estimated cost of the project
  • the dimension of cost is not relevant to execution of the project
  • the cost overruns can be hidden in someone else's budget

Question 24

Question
The drawback of the ___________ model is that it fails to consider cash flows obtained once the initial investment has been recovered.
Answer
  • payback period
  • average rate of return
  • discounted cash flow
  • profitability index

Question 25

Question
If the NPV for a project is < 0, it indicates that the project will
Answer
  • report a profit loss
  • report a profit gain
  • fail to cover its required rate of return
  • fail to generate cash inflows

Question 26

Question
Scoring models are most often used to overcome this disadvantage of profitability models.
Answer
  • The inability to account for the time value of money
  • The inability to account for project results beyond the payback period
  • The inability to account for multiple decision criteria
  • The inability to account for cash flow

Question 27

Question
Firms usually have two or more projects and this collection of projects is referred to as
Answer
  • a portfolio
  • an initiation
  • a program
  • a stochastic model

Question 28

Question
A technique useful for developing numeric values that are equivalent to subjective, verbal measures of relative value is the
Answer
  • Delphi system
  • expert system
  • portfolio
  • simulation

Question 29

Question
Which of the following is a type of numeric model?
Answer
  • the sacred cow
  • the operating necessity
  • payback period
  • the product line extension

Question 30

Question
The _________ is the value of an opportunity foregone
Answer
  • real option
  • profit
  • opportunity cost
  • revenue

Question 31

Question
The _________ is the interest rate set by an organization as the minimum acceptable rate of return for a project
Answer
  • hurdle rate
  • acceptable rate
  • internal rate of return
  • net present value

Question 32

Question
In a project portfolio, _______________ projects have objectives or deliverables that are only incrementally different in both product and process from existing offerings.
Answer
  • breakthrough
  • R&D
  • platform
  • derivative

Question 33

Question
In a project portfolio, a project that involves a new technology or even a disruptive technology that is known to the industry would serve as an example of a project
Answer
  • breakthrough
  • R&D
  • platform
  • derivitive

Question 34

Question
The set of documents submitted when evaluating a project is referred to as the
Answer
  • project proposal
  • evaluation set
  • evaluation criteria
  • project manual

Question 35

Question
When the decision maker's information is not complete, he/she will have to make a decision under conditions of
Answer
  • proof
  • uncertainty
  • management
  • risk mitigation

Question 36

Question
The discounted cash flow method determines the net present value of all cash flows by discounting them by the
Answer
  • hurdle rate
  • acceptable rate
  • internal rate of return
  • net present value

Question 37

Question
Financial forecasts are reported as __________ financial statements.
Answer
  • final
  • initial
  • pro forma
  • hypothetical

Question 38

Question
A project selection criteria that focuses on how well new products would fit the firm's existing product line would be
Answer
  • sustainability
  • comparative benefit model
  • production line extension
  • operating necessity

Question 39

Question
According to research by Sanchez and Robert (2010), which of the following is not a reason why strategic benefits may be difficult to appraise?
Answer
  • Not immediately realized
  • Difficult to quantify
  • May be confounded with other factors
  • Easy to plan for when they occur

Question 40

Question
________ is a modeling technique for emulating a process, usually conducted a considerable number of times to understand the process better and measure its outcomes under different policies.
Answer
  • Simulation
  • Project management
  • Projectizing
  • Modeling

Question 41

Question
According to the authors, the analytic method, when applied to systems, focuses on
Answer
  • assembling the components of a system into an integrated package
  • building an array of individually designed and manufactured components
  • calculating the cost and schedule requirements
  • dividing the components of a system into smaller and smaller elements

Question 42

Question
The ideal project manager should be
Answer
  • a direct, technical supervisor knowledgeable in the technology of the process being used
  • both generalist/facilitator and have a high level of technical competence in the science of the project
  • a facilitator and specialist with technical credibility
  • a technical specialist competent in principles of robust design

Question 43

Question
The project manager must make trade-offs between project progress and process. Conceptually, this involves trade-offs between the _______ functions.
Answer
  • technical and managerial
  • schedule and cost
  • performance and schedule
  • cost and performance

Question 44

Question
According to the authors the project manager should be more skilled at
Answer
  • general management
  • technology
  • synthesis
  • analysis

Question 45

Question
The project manager needs _______ credibility.
Answer
  • technical and personal
  • administrative and personal
  • technical and administrative
  • technical and financial

Question 46

Question
Projects are conducted in four important environments. They are
Answer
  • economic, political, legal, and sociotechnical
  • internal, external, transitional, and multicultural
  • routine, unique, fast-paced, and complex
  • profit, not for profit, government, and industry

Question 47

Question
According to the authors, the key to coping with uncertainty at the end of a project (a common obstacle for project managers) is
Answer
  • discipline
  • communication
  • planning
  • supervision

Question 48

Question
During the buildup phase, the project goals, in order of importance, are
Answer
  • schedule, scope, cost
  • cost, schedule, scope
  • schedule, cost, scope
  • cost, scope, schedule

Question 49

Question
Resources initially budgeted for a project are frequently _________ for the task, partly because of natural optimism by the proposer about how many resources are needed.
Answer
  • sufficient
  • delayed
  • insufficient
  • hindrances

Question 50

Question
Most of the time spent by a project manager is spent
Answer
  • attending technical workshops
  • overseeing the workforce
  • filing paperwork
  • coordinating and communicating

Question 51

Question
11. The functional manager uses the ________ approach and the PM uses the ________ approach
Answer
  • systems; analytic
  • numerical; nonnumeric
  • analytic; systems
  • nonnumeric; numerical

Question 52

Question
The project manager's responsibility to the project and to the client is met by ensuring that the _______ of the project is preserved in spite of conflicting demands made by stakeholders.
Answer
  • management
  • integrity
  • analysis
  • synthesis

Question 53

Question
During the final or phaseout stage of the project lifecycle, ___________ is the dominant goal of many project managers.
Answer
  • schedule
  • cost
  • scope
  • quality

Question 54

Question
The structure of a society is determined by its
Answer
  • institutions
  • wages
  • jobs
  • enemies

Question 55

Question
Which of the following is not a phase in the Tuckman ladder?
Answer
  • forming
  • defining
  • norming
  • mourning

Question 56

Question
The _________ is a person who spearheads an idea or action and sells it throughout the organization.
Answer
  • stakeholder
  • champion
  • interviewer
  • coach

Question 57

Question
The ______________ is an alternative action if the expected result fails to materialize.
Answer
  • trade-off
  • system plan
  • feedback
  • contingency plan

Question 58

Question
The __________ represents everything outside the system that delivers inputs or receives outputs from the system.
Answer
  • environment
  • feedback
  • culture
  • system

Question 59

Question
The __________ is the "corporate culture" within the organization, or even within the project
Answer
  • cultural anomaly
  • microculture
  • multiculture
  • interfirm culture

Question 60

Question
The project manager makes a ___________ by allowing one aspect of the project to get worse in return for allowing another aspect of the project to get better.
Answer
  • decision
  • turnaround
  • trade-off
  • chart

Question 61

Question
A party to a conflict will usually be satisfied when the level of frustration has been
Answer
  • increased by the domination of the other party
  • lowered to the point where no action against the other party is contemplated
  • lowered because the party realizes the hopelessness of continuing the conflict
  • eliminated because the party has surrendered to the other party

Question 62

Question
Most of the conflicts that involve the organization and outsiders have to do with
Answer
  • interpersonal differences
  • cultural differences and status differences
  • technical differences
  • property rights and contractual obligations

Question 63

Question
During project formation, the organizational structure selected will have a major impact on the ways in which conflicts are handled. Lack of clarity about the relative power/influence/authority of the PM and the functional managers is a major component of all conflicts involving
Answer
  • contractual obligations
  • property rights
  • budgeting
  • resource allocation, and scheduling

Question 64

Question
If a resource conflict arises between two high-priority projects, precedence is typically given to the project with the
Answer
  • earliest due date
  • fastest completion time
  • biggest revenue stream
  • lowest cost to complete

Question 65

Question
During project build-up, the project should move from a general concept to
Answer
  • implementation of plans
  • a highly detailed set of plans
  • a project charter
  • a project contract

Question 66

Question
During project build-up, if the project is independent and standalone, the project manager seeks a commitment of __________ from the functional departments.
Answer
  • work
  • materials
  • people
  • budgets

Question 67

Question
During project build-up, if the project is functionally tied down, the project manager seeks a commitment of _________ from the functional departments.
Answer
  • work
  • materials
  • people
  • budgets

Question 68

Question
Personality conflicts during project phase-out are often caused by
Answer
  • the absence of deadlines
  • the influx of newer technology
  • pressure to complete the project and anxiety about leaving the project
  • distribution of expenses charged to the project

Question 69

Question
According to the authors, the nature of negotiation as it applies to project management is the realization that few of the conflicts arising in projects have to do with
Answer
  • whether or not the task will be done
  • the precise design of the deliverable
  • how the design will be achieved
  • who will do the work, when, and at what cost

Question 70

Question
When dealing with conflict between parties, it is recommended that one _______ in order to avoid the conflict becoming interpersonal.
Answer
  • avoid the situation
  • define the substantive problem
  • leisurely discuss the issue
  • focus on interests

Question 71

Question
Partnering is an attempt to _________ the risk associated with sub-contracting.
Answer
  • mitigate
  • Increase
  • absorb
  • allow

Question 72

Question
_________ is the process which begins when one party perceives that the other has frustrated, or is about to frustrate, some concern of his.
Answer
  • conflict
  • happiness
  • contentment
  • utility

Question 73

Question
According to the authors, the favored technique for resolving conflict is
Answer
  • negotiation
  • mitigation
  • avoidance
  • collaboration

Question 74

Question
The process through which two or more parties seek an acceptable rate of exchange for items they own or control is called
Answer
  • negotiation
  • mitigation
  • compromising
  • collaboration

Question 75

Question
During the early program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Answer
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Question 76

Question
During the main program phases of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et al say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Answer
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Question 77

Question
Toward the end of the project lifecycle, Thamhain et at say that conflict intensity is the greatest with respect to
Answer
  • cost
  • schedules
  • scope
  • quality

Question 78

Question
Negotiating to a(n) __________ solution is the key to conflict resolution in project management.
Answer
  • win-lose
  • win-win
  • avoidance
  • confrontation

Question 79

Question
The total level of conflict in the project lifecycle is highest during the _________ stage
Answer
  • closing
  • main program
  • project build-up
  • project formation

Question 80

Question
The ___________ approach to negotiation aims to achieve a win-win result.
Answer
  • principled
  • posititional
  • stakeholder
  • paretto

Question 81

Question
If the project manager controls when and what people do while the functional managers control who will be assigned to the project and what technology will be used, the ______organizational form is probably being used.
Answer
  • projectized
  • pure project
  • matrix
  • weak project

Question 82

Question
In the systems approach to design, one organization would have to take responsibility for
Answer
  • manufacturing everything in the system
  • the integrity of the project design
  • the integrity of the subcontractors
  • product warranties

Question 83

Question
The process of dealing with uncertainties in projects that may affect the project for better or for worse has come to be known as
Answer
  • scope management
  • risk management
  • quality management
  • procurement management

Question 84

Question
A common objective of an organization's PM is often created by organizations to
Answer
  • establish consistent project management standards and methods
  • deal with technological obsolescence
  • train process managers
  • administer application software

Question 85

Question
A major purpose of the project management office should be to serve as
Answer
  • the central location for all clerical support
  • the critical disaster recovery support
  • a link between strategic management and project management
  • maintenance for the project management library

Question 86

Question
This member of the project team is in charge of product design and development and is responsible for functional analysis, specifications, drawings, cost estimates, quality/reliability, engineering changes, and documentation
Answer
  • systems architect
  • manufacturing engineer
  • project controller
  • support services manager

Question 87

Question
This member of the project team is responsible for the efficient production of the product of the process, including the manufacturing engineering, design and production of tooling, production scheduling, and other production tasks
Answer
  • project engineer
  • development engineer
  • contract administrator
  • support services manager

Question 88

Question
This person is responsible for the installation, testing, and support of the product (process) once its engineering is complete.
Answer
  • development engineer
  • systems architect
  • test engineer
  • project controller

Question 89

Question
One of the main technical problems faced by the project manager is meeting ________ without compromising performance.
Answer
  • supplier's targets
  • schedule and cost goals
  • technical specifications
  • cost and conflict goals

Question 90

Question
A major advantage of using a _________ placement for a project is that individual experts can be utilized by many different projects.
Answer
  • standard
  • virtual
  • projectized
  • functional

Question 91

Question
Virtual teams, when composed, should consist of "boundary spanners" who number about one in every _________ team members
Answer
  • 6-7
  • 8-12
  • 10-20
  • 25-30

Question 92

Question
When a firm engages in a large number of similar projects, the ___________ organizational form is apt to be preferred.
Answer
  • pure project
  • partial matrix
  • functional
  • mixed matrix

Question 93

Question
When the standard departments of the organization represent individual disciplines such as engineering, marketing, purchasing, and so on, the organization follows
Answer
  • projectized management
  • matrixed management
  • functional management
  • mixed management

Question 94

Question
The firm or organization within which the project is being conducted is known as the
Answer
  • parent organization
  • consulting firm
  • project team
  • stakeholder company

Question 95

Question
______________ engineering refers to the use of a design team that includes design and manufacturing engineers as well as staff from other relevant areas of the business.
Answer
  • Concurrent
  • Alignment
  • Matrix
  • Social

Question 96

Question
The _________ is a basic project document that describes all the work that must be done to complete the project and forms the basis for costing, scheduling, and work
Answer
  • WBS
  • OBS
  • PMO
  • project charter

Question 97

Question
The approach to organizing that includes both functions (disciplines) and projects in its hierarchy is known as the
Answer
  • mixed organization
  • functional organization
  • projectized organization
  • matrix organization

Question 98

Question
This person's task is the efficient production of the product or process the project engineer has designed, including responsibility for manufacturing engineering, design and production of code, unit testing, production scheduling, and other production tasks.
Answer
  • test engineer
  • contract administrator
  • development engineer
  • systems architect

Question 99

Question
TQM and Six Sigma are good examples of ____________ programs
Answer
  • participative
  • exclusive
  • frequency
  • inclusive

Question 100

Question
If both functional and projectized divisions coexist in a firm, this would result in the __________ organizational structure.
Answer
  • composite
  • objective
  • encompassing
  • free-form

Question 101

Question
The _________ is a specialized view of the action plan that focuses on who has what responsibility for each project task.
Answer
  • resource histogram
  • linear responsibility chart
  • project team directory
  • scope management plan

Question 102

Question
The success of the project launch meeting is dependent on the existence of
Answer
  • a project charter
  • the project's scope statement
  • a well-defined set of objectives for the project
  • project planning templates

Question 103

Question
This project plan element describes both the managerial and the technical approaches to the work. The technical discussion describes the relationship of the project to available technologies.
Answer
  • overview
  • objectives
  • general approach
  • contractual aspects

Question 104

Question
This project plan element should include profit and competitive goals as well as technical goals.
Answer
  • overview
  • objectives
  • general approach
  • contractual aspects

Question 105

Question
The _______ of a project includes the objectives of the project as well as the time and cost required to complete the project to the customer's satisfaction.
Answer
  • scope
  • change order
  • outcome
  • purpose

Question 106

Question
RACI stands for
Answer
  • responsive, accountable, consult, inform
  • responsible, accountable, consult, inform
  • responsive, accountable, consult, integrate
  • responsible, admissible, consult, integrate

Question 107

Question
The set of physical elements required to build a project is called the
Answer
  • bill of materials
  • deliverable
  • milestone list
  • work statement

Question 108

Question
___________ is an approach that breaks the planning task down into the activities that must be done in each managerial level of the organization. Typically, the upper level sets the objectives for the next lower level.
Answer
  • Strategic planning
  • Organizational planning
  • Hierarchical planning
  • Agile planning

Question 109

Question
The major tool that a project manager uses during the planning phase is called the
Answer
  • WBS
  • change request
  • scope statement
  • project plan

Question 110

Question
___________is the tendency for the project objectives to be changed with little or no discussion with other parties actively engaged in the project
Answer
  • Scope reference
  • Scope creep
  • Effectiveness
  • Hierarchical planning

Question 111

Question
_______________ is a visual approach that closely mirrors how the human brain records and stores information that can help tap the creative potential of the entire project team
Answer
  • WBS generation
  • Project planning
  • Risk response planning
  • Mind mapping

Question 112

Question
When using a WBS, all of the work should roll up to the next level such that no extra work is required. This is referred to as the
Answer
  • Development rule
  • All-inclusive rule
  • 100% rule
  • WBS rule

Question 113

Question
For projects that are constantly changing, the __________ methodology is recommended
Answer
  • waterfall
  • agile
  • adaptable
  • organic

Question 114

Question
Having key stakeholders involved early in the project tends to
Answer
  • increase communication errors
  • increase project risk
  • create buy-in
  • create more problems than it is worth

Question 115

Question
When using the mind mapping process, you should designate one team member as the ___________ to ensure that all team members are involved and contributing, and to ensure that team members are focusing on the work that must be done.
Answer
  • planner
  • facilitator
  • contractor
  • manager

Question 116

Question
A useful tool for facilitating the management of changes to a project's scope is the
Answer
  • requirements traceability matrix
  • WBS
  • project charter
  • mind map

Question 117

Question
A project manager must ___________ as a type of risk response planning in order to soften the danger of a threat by reducing the likelihood that it will occur or by reducing its impact if it does occur.
Answer
  • avoid
  • transfer
  • accept
  • mitigate

Question 118

Question
The ____________ is a list of the project activities with major activities broken down into subactivities.
Answer
  • linear responsibility chart
  • PCMCIA
  • activity prioritization
  • WBS

Question 119

Question
The process of coordinating the work and timing of the different groups working on multidisciplinary teams is called
Answer
  • procurement management
  • integration management
  • vertical management
  • matrix management

Question 120

Question
This element of the project plan contains a brief description of the procedure to be followed in monitoring, collecting, storing, and evaluating the history of the project
Answer
  • schedule
  • resources
  • personnel
  • evaluation methods

Question 121

Question
If a project budget is under funded, it will often
Answer
  • stimulate increased performance
  • improve utilization of resources
  • frustrate committed stakeholders
  • reduce costs

Question 122

Question
The project's budget should
Answer
  • associate resource use with the achievement of organizational goals
  • allow funds to be spent without linkage to achievement
  • not reflect the timing of expenses associated with the use of resources
  • never be changed during project execution

Question 123

Question
In order to develop a budget, the PM must forecast
Answer
  • the resources required
  • when resources will be needed
  • the cost of resources
  • All of the above

Question 124

Question
A work element whose cost is fully developed would
Answer
  • exclude the cost of labor and resources
  • include only the profit and direct costs
  • exclude the cost of special machinery and overheads
  • include direct costs plus overhead and G&A charges

Question 125

Question
The traditional organizational budget is
Answer
  • category-oriented
  • project-oriented
  • program-oriented
  • project-oriented or program-oriented

Question 126

Question
__________ budgeting allows income and expenditures to be aggregated across projects.
Answer
  • Category-oriented
  • Activity-oriented
  • Project-oriented
  • Expense-oriented

Question 127

Question
The authors identify ____________ estimation errors as the two types of generic estimation errors.
Answer
  • small and large
  • random and planned
  • certain and uncertain
  • random and biased

Question 128

Question
The pattern of deviations in cost and usage used for exception reporting to management is called
Answer
  • simulations
  • assumptions
  • variances
  • summaries

Question 129

Question
___________ costs vary with output.
Answer
  • general and administrative
  • overhead
  • direct
  • indirect

Question 130

Question
Unless the project manager is familiar with the firm's ______________ it will be very difficult to exercise budget control.
Answer
  • accounting system
  • budget plans
  • marketing procedure
  • cost accounting

Question 131

Question
The __________ form of budgeting has the advantage of using individuals closer to the work to provide estimates of resource requirements.
Answer
  • top-down budgeting
  • work element costing
  • bottom-up budgeting
  • iterative budgeting

Question 132

Question
The ___________ charge is composed of the costs of senior management, the various data functions, and any other expenses not included in overhead. Often, these charges are a fixed percentage of either the direct costs or the total of all direct and indirect costs.
Answer
  • salary
  • project management
  • ethical
  • G&A

Question 133

Question
Each time the output doubles, the worker hours per unit decrease to a fixed percentage of their previous value. That percentage is called the ___________ rate.
Answer
  • inflation
  • hurdle
  • interest
  • learning

Question 134

Question
Suppose that a person requires 60 minutes to complete a work element on the first attempt. On the second attempt, the work element is completed in 48 minutes. The learning rate for this person is _________% for this work element
Answer
  • 80
  • 60
  • 70
  • 120

Question 135

Question
_____________ relies on well-known statistical correlations between various factors such as the total cost of a house relative to the square feet of living area.
Answer
  • Parametric estimating
  • Statistical equivalence
  • Bottom-up estimating
  • Top-down estimating

Question 136

Question
A budget strategy that is based on collecting the judgments and experiences of top and middle managers is referred to as the ___________ approach or method.
Answer
  • parametric estimating
  • statistical equivalence
  • bottom-up estimating
  • top-down estimating

Question 137

Question
________________ are where the defined responses to the risks are detailed, but their amounts are not yet precisely known.
Answer
  • Known-unknowns
  • Unknown-knowns
  • Known-knowns
  • Unknown-unknowns

Question 138

Question
Unknown-unknowns are not part of the baseline budget and are referred to as
Answer
  • management reserves
  • contingency reserves
  • PMBOK reserves
  • Buffered reserves

Question 139

Question
The advantage of the ____________ process is that it is generally associated with participative management
Answer
  • bottom-up
  • top-down
  • Murphy's
  • Efficient

Question 140

Question
______________ issues are present when bidders "low-ball" a bid or when some bidders get a "last look."
Answer
  • Ethical
  • Strategic
  • Efficient
  • Effective

Question 141

Question
The authors recommend preparing a schedule for each
Answer
  • work package in the WBS
  • task in the WBS
  • major task level in the WBS
  • project that has a WBS

Question 142

Question
In the AOA network, circles depict
Answer
  • networks
  • events
  • logical dependencies
  • dummy activities

Question 143

Question
The shortest time in which the entire network can be completed is referred to as the
Answer
  • critical time of the network
  • real duration of the network
  • elapsed time of the network
  • slack time of the network

Question 144

Question
A precedence relationship where the completion of a successor activity depends on the completion of a predecessor activity is called a
Answer
  • start to finish dependency
  • finish to start dependency
  • finish to finish dependency
  • start to start dependency

Question 145

Question
A precedent relationship where the completion of a predecessor activity depends on the initiation of a successor activity is called a
Answer
  • start to finish dependency
  • finish to start dependency
  • finish to finish dependency
  • start to start dependency

Question 146

Question
The difference between the late start and early start for an activity is called its
Answer
  • critical path
  • task
  • progress
  • float

Question 147

Question
A(n) __________ is the conversion of the project work breakdown structure into an operating timetable.
Answer
  • chart
  • application
  • crash
  • schedule

Question 148

Question
A(n) _________ is a specific task or set of tasks that are required by the project, use up resources, and take time to complete
Answer
  • milestone
  • activity
  • node
  • path

Question 149

Question
The arrangement of all activities (and, in some cases, events) in a project arrayed in their logical sequence and represented by arcs and nodes is called a
Answer
  • network
  • critical path
  • path
  • crashed path

Question 150

Question
In a network, if the delay of an activity will delay completion of the project, the activity is called a(n)
Answer
  • valuable
  • efficient
  • critical
  • noteworthy

Question 151

Question
In AOA networks, an activity of zero duration is called a(n)
Answer
  • dummy activity
  • critical
  • important
  • critical activity

Question 152

Question
The _____________ chart shows planned and actual progress for a number of tasks displayed against a horizontal timescale.
Answer
  • PERT
  • timeline
  • critical
  • Gantt

Question 153

Question
A clearly identifiable point in a project or set of activities that commonly denotes a reporting requirement or completion of a large or important set of activities is called a(n)
Answer
  • milestone
  • anniversary
  • node
  • dummy activity

Question 154

Question
In AON diagrams, a(n) ________________ is a point where one or more lines (arrows) begin or terminate, commonly used for depicting an event or activity.
Answer
  • activity
  • path
  • node
  • arc

Question 155

Question
______________ is the amount of one factor that must be sacrificed in order to achieve more or less of another factor.
Answer
  • trade-off
  • synergy
  • barter limit
  • limiting quantity

Question 156

Question
A _____________ is a combination of interrelated activities and events depicted with arcs and nodes.
Answer
  • linked plan
  • chain of events
  • critical chain
  • network

Question 157

Question
____________ law suggests that work expands to fill the allotted time.
Answer
  • Parkinson's
  • Murphy's
  • Brooks'
  • Federal

Question 158

Question
In application, PERT has primarily been used for
Answer
  • construction projects
  • manufacturing projects
  • industrial projects
  • research and development projects

Question 159

Question
The authors define _________ as the time an activity can be delayed without affecting the start time of any successor activity
Answer
  • free slack
  • total slack
  • project slack
  • overhead slack

Question 160

Question
__________ is one possible way to check the nature and impacts of interactions between probabilistic paths in a network.
Answer
  • simulation
  • extrapolation
  • guessing
  • probabilistic time estimates

Question 161

Question
If deterministic time estimates are used, and if project deadlines are firm, there is a high likelihood that it will
Answer
  • not be necessary to crash any activities in projects
  • be necessary to crash the last few activities of most projects
  • be completed on time and within budget
  • be completed as per schedule

Question 162

Question
Assume two activities, printing and binding. Printing is a predecessor of binding. If printing is _______, then binding will start late by whatever amount of lateness is bequeathed to it by printing.
Answer
  • necessary
  • early
  • late
  • time-neutral

Question 163

Question
________ aims to minimize the period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances. The purpose is to create a smoother distribution of resource usage.
Answer
  • Resource loading
  • Resource leveling
  • Scope loading
  • Resource succeeding

Question 164

Question
A project task is said to be __________ if it requires a fixed amount of time and known quantities of resources
Answer
  • scope constrained
  • time constrained
  • resource constrained
  • system constrained

Question 165

Question
One of the problems that Goldratt observed was that if an activity has slack time, the task might become delayed until the slack is removed. This is referred to as
Answer
  • Goldratt's Law
  • Murphy's Law
  • the delay game
  • the student syndrome

Question 166

Question
The points between the extreme points of the relationship between time use and resource use represent
Answer
  • time constrained projects
  • resource constrained projects
  • alternative trade-offs between time and resources
  • a non-feasible solution space of trade-off alternatives related to time and resource use

Question 167

Question
The _________ technique overlaps the design and build phases of a project to expedite its completion.
Answer
  • crashing
  • fast-tracking
  • leading
  • blitzing

Question 168

Question
Most heuristic solution methods start with the _____________ and analyze resource usage period by period, resource by resource.
Answer
  • GERT schedule
  • Gantt chart
  • PERT/CPM schedule
  • Master schedule

Question 169

Question
The use of ______________ activity time estimates may reduce the chance that crashing the project will be needed.
Answer
  • one probabilistic
  • two probabilistic
  • three probabilistic
  • four probabilistic

Question 170

Question
The standard practice with AOA and AON is to estimate activity times under the assumption of resource loadings that are
Answer
  • probabillistic
  • crashed
  • normal
  • dynamic

Question 171

Question
With respect to project scheduling, __________ is the amount of work waiting to be processed because there is a shortage of some resource.
Answer
  • in-process inventory
  • schedule slippage
  • resource utilization
  • management delay

Question 172

Question
If the appropriate scheduling equation for task A of a project were W = D * U, and it was initialized so that W = 40d, D = 10d, and U = 4 resources, and task A is an effort-driven activity, correctly balance this equation if the value for U is changed from 4 to 5. To balance the equation, the altered variable and its new value are
Answer
  • D = 6w
  • W = 6d
  • D = 8d
  • W = 8d

Question 173

Question
The principal reason why a project manager is surprised by resource constraints on a project is the failure to include _________ in risk identification activities.
Answer
  • resource availability
  • resource cost
  • resource mobility
  • resource skill

Question 174

Question
Which of the following describes a situation where priorities are assigned to activities according to some rule not associated with task length, slack, or resource requirements?
Answer
  • student's syndrome
  • arbitrary
  • most successors
  • most resources

Question 175

Question
The two fundamental approaches to constrained allocation problems are
Answer
  • heuristic approaches and rules of thumb
  • linear programming approaches and optimization models
  • heuristic approaches and optimization models
  • goal programming and trial and error

Question 176

Question
When crashing a project, our first task is to develop
Answer
  • a table or graph of the cost of a project as a function of the project's possible completion dates
  • a schedule that shows the risks associated with each activity in the project
  • a list that shows the activities and the events of a project without referring to the costs
  • a table showing the noncritical activities and the cost associated with each of those activities

Question 177

Question
In some situations, two activities are scheduled to be carried out in parallel and using the same scarce resource. If the supply of the scarce resource is not sufficient to allow both activities to be carried out simultaneously, then whichever of the two is given priority immediately lengthens the other activity's path but not its actual
Answer
  • duration
  • slack
  • float
  • buffer

Question 178

Question
The two principles to follow when crashing a project focuses on the
Answer
  • critical path and selects the least expensive alternative
  • critical path and selects the most expensive alternative
  • shortest path and selects the least expensive alternative
  • shortest path and selects the most expensive alternative

Question 179

Question
Using Goldratt's meaning of the word "dependent," the activities of a project can be ordered into paths based on their resource dependencies as well as on their technological precedence requirements. The longest of these paths of sequentially time-dependent activities is known as the
Answer
  • priority chain
  • critical chain
  • dependency path
  • heuristic path

Question 180

Question
The ___________ heuristic provides a general solution for critical path and time and is usually the default rule for a schedule.
Answer
  • as soon as possible
  • as late as possible
  • minimum slack first
  • shortest task first

Question 181

Question
Monitoring, as an activity, should be kept distinct from __________, which uses data supplied by monitoring to bring actual performance into approximate congruence with planned performance.
Answer
  • recording
  • controlling
  • collecting
  • reporting

Question 182

Question
An appropriate and common secondary user for monitoring includes
Answer
  • auditing, learning from mistakes, and reporting progress and status
  • exercising effective control over the project
  • evaluating current status of the project
  • fixing the blame when things go wrong

Question 183

Question
According to the authors, the key items to be planned, monitored, and controlled are
Answer
  • schedule, budget, and financial stability
  • schedule, quality, performance, and customer satisfaction
  • schedule, budget, and feasibility
  • schedule, budget, and performance

Question 184

Question
According to the authors, in the planning - monitoring - controlling cycle, the directions of the flows indicate that
Answer
  • information flows from the top to bottom and authority flows from the bottom to the top
  • information flows from the bottom to the top and authority flows from the top to the bottom
  • authority flows from the bottom to the top
  • information flows from the top to the bottom

Question 185

Question
The first step in setting up a monitoring system is to
Answer
  • collect existing data to see what data is relevant and available
  • collect every available piece of information so it can be analyzed
  • use whatever information is available
  • identify the key factors to be controlled

Question 186

Question
In earned value analysis, the 50-50 rule assumes that
Answer
  • 50 percent is earned when the task is half done and 50 percent is earned at completion
  • 50 percent is earned when the task begins and 50 percent is earned at completion
  • 50 percent is earned when the task begins and 50 percent is earned at the halfway stage
  • 50 percent is earned when the project is planned and 50 percent is earned when the project is over

Question 187

Question
In earned value analysis, if the cost variance is (-$10,000),
Answer
  • the cost variance is favorable
  • the cost variance is unfavorable
  • the scheduled variance is favorable
  • the scheduled cost avoidance is unfavorable

Question 188

Question
One of the most common errors when collecting data is
Answer
  • collecting rapidly changing data frequently
  • collecting data infrequently because data collection is so time consuming
  • collecting data that rarely changes
  • reporting to management after collecting data

Question 189

Question
Reports for ______________ have a need for detailed information about individual tasks and the factors affecting such tasks.
Answer
  • top executives
  • lower-level personnel
  • all the stakeholders
  • project managers

Question 190

Question
The project control process should be viewed as a(n) ________________, with revised plans and schedules (if warranted) following corrective actions. The project control process should run continuously until the project is completed.
Answer
  • closed loop system
  • open loop system
  • open environment
  • earned value plan

Question 191

Question
Ordinal rankings of performance are examples of a _________ type of measure.
Answer
  • frequency count
  • raw number
  • verbal measure
  • subjective numeric rating

Question 192

Question
____________ are used when some aspect of system performance cannot be measured directly
Answer
  • Indicators
  • Frequency counts
  • Raw numbers
  • Verbal measures

Question 193

Question
____________ can often give the project manager early warning signals of potential problems in a project and help understand the relationships of individual tasks to one another and to the overall project.
Answer
  • Detailed and timely reports
  • Executive summaries
  • Scope change reports
  • The WBS

Question 194

Question
The earned value rule that divides the actual task time-to-date by the scheduled time for the task to calculate percent complete is called the _________ rule.
Answer
  • 50-50
  • 0-100 percent
  • critical input use
  • proportionality

Question 195

Question
In earned value analysis, EAC refers to the
Answer
  • estimated cost at completion
  • estimated actual cost
  • eliminated annual cost
  • estimated annual cost

Question 196

Question
In earned value analysis, BAC refers to the
Answer
  • budgeted annual cost
  • budget at completion
  • budget at close-out
  • big annual cost

Question 197

Question
If EV= $500, AC = $475, PV = $450; SV =
Answer
  • $50
  • $25
  • 90%
  • 95%

Question 198

Question
If CSI is less than 1, it is indicative of a(n)
Answer
  • problem
  • good project
  • efficient project
  • budget error

Question 199

Question
Conceptually, EAC represents the amount spent to date
Answer
  • plus the delay costs
  • BAC
  • CV
  • ETC

Question 200

Question
In earned value analysis, the 0 - 100 percent rule allows
Answer
  • 100 percent credit before starting work and 0 percent credit after the completion
  • 0 percent credit when work begins and 100 percent credit when the project is complete
  • 0 percent credit when work begins and 100 percent credit at completion of the activity
  • 0 percent credit at completion of the activity and 100 percent credit at formal acceptance during scope verification
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