Fun (well, at least to me) review for basic Hematology

The tube will have plasma on top, a buffy coat in the middle, (WBC's, platelets) and red blood cells on the bottom. Whole blood is blood that is taken straight from the body - with no elements removed. Serum is the liquid left over after blood has clotted in a tube. Plasma is the liquid that remains upon centrifuging a sample. Percentages: Plasma, 55%, RBC's, 41%, WBC's and platelets, 4%.

This is too long of a question, chief.

"Blood is a fluid connective tissue that consists of RBC's, WBC'S, platelets, and plasma. Functions include: transport of O2 and nutrients to cells, transport of carbon dioxide and waste away from cells, delivery of hormones and other substances to and from cells, coagulation, participate in thermoregulation."

"Blood is uh, something that flows around in the body or something. If you get cut you can see it."

Tourniquet - Provides a barrier against venous blood flow to help locate a vein. Collection tubes - Collects blood through evacuated tube system Additives in collection tubes - Clot activators: must be allowed to clot for 30-60 minutes Anticoagulents: Prevents blood from clotting Antiglycolytic agent: Inhibits the metabolism of glucose by blood cells Separator Gel - An inert material that undergoes a temp. change in viscosity during centrifugaton. Needles - Sterile, variety of lengths and gauges (bore/opening size) Needle holders - Safety feature to prevent accidental needle stick Winged collection set (Butterfly) - Needle with plastic wings connected to thin tubing Syringes - consists of a barell, graduated in milliliters, and a plunger Solutions for skin antisepsis - 70% isopropyl alcohol, typically

Er, probably a needle or something. And some other stuff.

"They include EDTA, Sodium Citrate, and Heparin. EDTA chelates Ca ions, making them unavailable for coagulation. Used in CBC, peripheral blood smear, reticulocyte count, and immunophenotying. Sodium Citrate binds Ca in a soluble complex, and is used in most coagulation studies. Heparin interacts with antithrombin to prevent coagulation. This is not recommended for hematology testing other than osmotic fragility testing, though."

"Heck if I know, my dude. What's hermitology? The study of hermit crabs?"

"CBC and peripheral blood smear examination. These are both moderate complexity tests."

"I would guess multiple choice, or maybe fill in the blank tests?"

"EDTA anticoagulated whole blood (venous and capillary), Citrate anticoagulated whole blood (venous), EDTA or no additive body fluids (CSF, synovial, pleural, ascites, pericardial), bone marrow smears."

"Probably some blood, I guess."

Hematology testing is highly automated, and depending on the lab, both CBC and blood smear preparation can be automated. Automated instruments can alert the lab scientist to important situation: critical values (hematocrit, platelets, WBC's) and Delta flags. Automated analyzers are connected to LIS, which enhances communication . Automation still requires MLS/MLT discretion and judgement.

Imma keep it real with you chief - I have no clue.

"The CBC is a moderate complexity screening test. Hematology analyzers can alert the lab professional or physician to possible disease states. The CBC analyzed blood and reports red and white blood cell parameters including: number of cells and platelets, types of cells, size of RBC's (and other RBC characteristics), and hemoglobin."

"CBC. Hmm, well, that sounds like BBC, so I guess it's a television network?"

"The purpose is to look for abnormalities in blood cells (RBC, WBC, platelets). The result provides information on numbers and shape of these cells, which help doctors diagnose certain blood disorders and other medical conditions. "

"Try Googling it, I don't know."

Manual cell counts, Spun hematocrit, Osmotic fragility, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin electrophoresis, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, other enzyme staining, flow cytometry.

True or false tests and essay question tests.

Consists of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and polysaccharides. The functions are the structure and shape, impermeability to water-soluble molecules, cellular recognition and interaction, and transport. (Osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis.)

Don't know, don't care

During passive diffusion, a semi-permeable membrane separates two compartments of different solute concentrations. Over time, solute will diffuse until equilibrium is reached, During active transport, specialized trans membrane proteins allow crossing of the membrane due to the phospholipid bilayer being impermeable or because of concentration gradient. During osmosis, the membrane is partially permeable. During endocytosis, the cellular membrane fold around the desired materials outside the cell, then be digested and absorbed.

I don't know

Ribosomes - Composed of RNA and proteins. Assemble amino acids into protein. Intermediate filament - Composed of ropelike fibers, used to provide cells with mechanical strength. Microtubules - Hollow cylinders used to maintain cell shape and form spindle fibers during mitosis. Centrosome - Cell center, organizes microtubules and forms poles of mitotic spindle during anaphase. Centrioles - Two cylindical structures that enable movement of chromosomes during cell division. Endoplasmic Reticulum - Used to synthesize and transport lipids and protein. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - Has ribosomes, abundant in cells synthesizing secretory protein, protein transported to Golgi. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - Lacks ribosomes, used in lipid synthesis, detoxification, synthesis of steroid hormones. Golgi apparatus - Stacks of flattened membranes, protein from RER is sorted here, modified and packaged. Lysosomes - Mmebrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes. Used in destruction of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Mitochondria - Double membrane organelle, house enzymes of aerobic metabolism. Used in oxidative phosphorylation (ATP production) and abundant in metabolically active cells. Cytoskeleton - Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, used to give the cell shape, provide strength and enable movement of cellular structures. Microfilaments - Fine filaments that control shape and surface

This is not the right answer.

The nucleus contains the genetic material, DNA, responsible for the regulation of all cellular functions and for the transfer of genetic information.

Not this one.

Mitosis - 2 daughter cells identical to the first cell are formed 1. Interphase - DNA replicates 2. Prophase - Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope disappears 3. Metaphase - Chromosomes align in the center 4. Anaphase - Sister chromatids are separated 5. Telophase - Nuclear envelope reforms 6. Cytokinesis - Cell separates into 2 daughter cells

Choose the other answer.

Meiosis - 4 unidentical daughter cells are formed with only 1 set of chromosomes each. 1. Interphase - Chromosomes duplicate 2. Prophase - Homologous chromosome pairs and exchange segments 3. Metaphase - Tetrads line up 4. Anaphase - Pairs of homologous chromosomes split up 5. Telophase - 2 haploid cells form

Don't select this answer.