Question 1
Question
In adult court, it is professionals who present the two sides of the case, but in youth justice court, there are no professionals.
Question 2
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When a parent or another responsible person is present, it is not necessary to remind a young person of right to counsel; having said it once is enough.
Question 3
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A young person who is brought into a police station for a breathalyser test has a right to consult counsel before the test can be given.
Question 4
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When the case of a young person gets to court, there is no longer a role for the police.
Question 5
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Defence Counsel must be mindful that their job includes representing
Question 6
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Under the rule of “one lawyer per family”, young persons are represented by
Answer
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The lawyer who represents the parents
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A lawyer of their parents choosing
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Both of the above
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None, this rule does not exist.
Question 7
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In youth justice court, the role of the Crown Prosecutor is
Answer
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Focused on the needs of the young person because of the YCJA
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Very different from what it is in adult court
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Not much different from what it is in adult court
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Two of the above
Question 8
Question
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the judge in youth justice court?
Answer
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Ensuring that defense counsel has made full disclosure to the Crown
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Resolving disputes over the admissibility of evidence
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Determining that proper procedure was followed in laying the charges
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Determining guilt or innocence
Question 9
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It is for any of the most serious offences that a young person can elect to have trial by jury in youth court.
Question 10
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Trial by jury is a right of all Canadians as long as the charge against them involves a violation of the Criminal Code of Canada
Question 11
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Typically, the youth justice court is held in private without any member of the public allowed to be present
Question 12
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In the youth justice court, a young person may elect to have a trial by jury
Question 13
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Young persons must personally appear before the youth justice court
Answer
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Only if their lawyer is not present
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For all charges
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Only for charges of serious offences
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Only for charges of presumptive offences
Question 14
Question
In the youth justice court, judges may consider the protection of the privacy of all but which of the following?
Question 15
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The YCJA seeks to reserve court proceedings for
Question 16
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In the youth justice court, the standard for a finding of guilt is
Answer
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The guilt is “beyond a reasonable doubt”
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The guilt is “on the balance of probabilities”
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There is no formal finding of guilt
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The standard changes with the merits of each case
Question 17
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Pre-sentence reports are usually prepared by the police officer who made the arrest
Question 18
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Once a young person receives an absolute discharge, that discharge cannot be admitted again in court.
Question 19
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The purpose of a youth sentence is to appropriately punish the young person for the harm done
Question 20
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A youth justice court judge may require a young person to perform up to 240 hours of community service.
Question 21
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Community service orders are reserved for those 16 and 17 years old and never used for those 14 and 15 years old.
Question 22
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Which of the following is not a concern of the YCJA when it comes to sentencing?
Answer
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Protection of society
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Holding young person accountable for their behaviour
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The mental and emotional health of the young person
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Ensuring that young people show respect for the judge and officers of the court
Question 23
Question
Which of the following is not likely to be found in a pre-sentence report?
Answer
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Plans the young person might have about the future
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Information on the young person’s age and attitude
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Results of interviews with the young person
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Results of interviews with the accomplices of the young person
Question 24
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There is no reason to believe that pre-sentence assessments are found to be useful by
Answer
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Young persons
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judges
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Crown prosecutors
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Defence council
Question 25
Question
Which of the following may not be used as a condition of probation?
Question 26
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Which of the following conditions is not permitted in a probation order?
Answer
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Must remain in a specific city
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Must reside in a specific location
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Must try to obtain employment
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All of the above are permitted
Question 27
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“Least degree of restraint” when applied to a custodial facility means that the residents are allowed to come and go as they please, but only during the day
Question 28
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A facility with a “higher degree of restraint” means that the extent of restraint or control is greater than in a facility with a “lower degree of restraint”
Question 29
Question
In contrast to the United States, the practice in Canada is to have indeterminate sentences
Question 30
Question
When a custodial sentence is given, the following is to be taken into account:
The highest level of restraint possible
Question 31
Question
When a custodial sentence is given, the following is to be taken into account:
The safety of the young person
Question 32
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Which of the following is least consistent with a facility in a higher degree of restraint?
Answer
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classrooms
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community reintegration
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segregation cells
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“lock down”
Question 33
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If a young person turns 18 years while serving a term of custody
Question 34
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Changes to a young person’s custody can be made by
Answer
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Correctional officials
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The youth justice court
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The provincial director
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The Crown prosecutor
Question 35
Question
Young persons who do not return once their re-integrative leave has been revoked may be
Answer
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Arrested and subjected to treatment
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Arrested only with a warrant and returned to custody
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Arrested without a warrant and returned to custody
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Arrested without a warrant and returned to their parent’s house
Question 36
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Conditional supervision orders allow young persons to
Answer
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Serve the remainder of their custodial sentence with almost no conditions imposed on them, except for staying out of trouble.
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Hold a job or go to school while living in a secure custody facility
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Serve sentences to secure custody in open custody
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Serve the remainder of their sentence in the community
Question 37
Question
Identify 4 Purposes of Re-Integrative Leave
Answer
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Medical
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Compassionate or humanitarian
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Rehabilitation
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Go out of town on a vacation
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Reintegration into the community
Question 38
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The distinction between phase I and phase II offenders is based on the seriousness of the offence
Question 39
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Facilities that provide custody of young persons in conflict with the law in Ontario are all privately operated
Question 40
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All facilities are required to have the same treatment services
Question 41
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Which of the following is not consistent with the “strict discipline” approach to custody for young offenders?
Question 42
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The only objective of the criminal justice system is to find innocent people not guilty
Question 43
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Restraint has the goal of protecting the community from further harm.
Question 44
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Retribution is balanced.
Question 45
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General deterrence depends on the vicarious experience of punishment
Question 46
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Even laws that are difficult to enforce can play a role in expressing where we stand, as a society, with respect to certain behaviours.
Question 47
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Capital punishment is the ultimate form of
Answer
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Restraint
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Retribution
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General deterrence
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Rehabilitation
Question 48
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One argument for retaining laws that are difficult to enforce is that they are
Question 49
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Primarily, restitution involves the notion of
Answer
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Putting the case to "rest"
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Making the victim whole again
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Allowing the victim to be involved in the punishment of the offender
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Returning cash and property to the victim
Question 50
Question
The Youth Criminal Justice Act is focused primarily on
Answer
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Making the young person function effectively in society
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Compensating the victim
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Punishment of the young person
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Achieving balance between the offender and the victim
Question 51
Answer
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A primary goal of the YCJA
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Not a major focus of the YCJA
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The underlying principle of restorative justice
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A concept used to limit how much a victim is compensated
Question 52
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In victim impact statements victims get to tell the court the nature and length of punishment that the offender deserves
Question 53
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Typically in youth conferencing circles the community is represented
Question 54
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The notion of restorative justice was largely unknown until the YCJA came into effect.
Question 55
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Restorative justice programs even exist in large cities.
Question 56
Question
The police can refer a young person to a restorative justice program.
Question 57
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The manner in which restorative justice is to be implemented is
Answer
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Clearly identified in the Criminal Code of Canada
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Clearly identified in the CFSA
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Clearly identified in the YCJA
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Left up to each provincial jurisdiction to determine
Question 58
Question
Restorative justice is intended to
Answer
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Expand options that are consistent with the criminal justice system
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Compensate the victim
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Act as a form of general deterrence
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Punish the young offender
Question 59
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For restorative justice to be effective, the offender must
Answer
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Be ready to admit guilt for the act
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Acknowledge the extent to which the victim suffered
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Be prepared to accept responsibility for the consequences of the act
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All of the above
Question 60
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Restorative justice programs appear to be most effective in
Answer
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Communities with large proportions of young people
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Aboriginal and first nations communities only
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Smaller, homogeneous communities
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Large, homogeneous communities
Question 61
Question
Restorative justice programs
Answer
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Usually initiated by victims wishing to receive compensation
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Have been shown to be the most effective means of rehabilitating young people
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Are the most cost effective way of compensating victims and making them "whole" again
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Seem like a good idea but with some questions as to their overall effectiveness
Question 62
Question
Most adult criminals start their careers as young offenders
Question 63
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Most young persons do not become adult criminals
Question 64
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Once a young persons in conflict with the law come into contact with the authorities they are bound to be chronic offenders
Question 65
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Among young people, positive attitudes toward the police tend to decrease over time
Question 66
Question
An attitude is an emotional predisposition
Question 67
Question
Which of the following is true about the attitude of young people toward the police?
Answer
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Attitudes are little affected by personal experience
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Attitudes are remarkably stable over time
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Attitudes are more positive as young people move through adolescence
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Attitudes are more positive among younger kids
Question 68
Question
Which of the following is related to young people's attitude toward the police?
Question 69
Question
Which of the following is related to young people's attitude toward the police?
Question 70
Question
Which of the following types of contact with the police is least likely to generate a positive image of the police?
Question 71
Question
Which of the following appear to play some role in determining people's attitude toward the police
Answer
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Age
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Culture
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Experience
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All of the above
Question 72
Question
The best advice for a police officer is to not talk to young people they encounter, unless they have something official to say to them
Question 73
Question
Victims of child endangerment often become young offenders
Question 74
Question
Police officers are not only law enforcement officers, but social workers as well.
Question 75
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Gang behaviour is found only in the largest cities in Canada
Question 76
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There are some clues as to whether gang behaviour exists in a community.
Question 77
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Many young people have feelings when interacting with the police that can best be described as
Answer
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Joyful
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Ambivilent
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Enthusiastic
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Pitiful
Question 78
Question
What is the role of the police uniform in influencing the relationship with a young person?
Question 79
Question
Which of the following is probably NOT good advice to give a police officer on how to deal with young people?
Question 80
Question
Which of the following is a form of child endangerment?
Answer
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Neglect
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Sexual molestation
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Emotional abuse
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All of the above
Question 81
Question
Which of the following is least likely to be true of victims of child abuse and neglect?
Answer
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Victims of sexual abuse have parents who do not get along well
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Victims have poor relationships with their parents
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Sexual abuse victims have a dense web of peer relationships
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Children between 8 and 12 are most vulnerable to sexual abuse