B6 quiz

[blank_start]Genetic Engineering[blank_end] is the process of taking a [blank_start]gene[blank_end] from one species and [blank_start]splicing[blank_end] it into another species

What is the definition of Transgenic?

1) [blank_start]Insulin Production[blank_end] gene located in healthy human 2) Gene is cut out using [blank_start]restriction endonuclease[blank_end] enzymes 3) Some bacteria contain rings of DNA called [blank_start]plasmid[blank_end]. These are [blank_start]vectors[blank_end]. This is removed from a suitable bacterium. 4) The [blank_start]plasmid[blank_end] is cut open using the same [blank_start]restriction[blank_end] enzymes as before 5) Insulin-producing gene is then [blank_start]spliced[blank_end] into the plasmid using an [blank_start]enzyme[blank_end] called [blank_start]DNA ligase[blank_end]. 6) The recombinant DNA [blank_start]plasmid[blank_end] is inserted back into a [blank_start]bacterium[blank_end] 7) This bacterium now is a [blank_start]GMO[blank_end] and will [blank_start]express[blank_end] the gene and produce [blank_start]insulin protein[blank_end] 8) As bacterium [blank_start]reproduces[blank_end], more and more is produced. In order to [blank_start]maximise production[blank_end], [blank_start]GM[blank_end] bacteria are placed in a [blank_start]fermenter[blank_end] where [blank_start]conditions[blank_end] are closely monitored.

What is yoghurt?

Lactose ––> Lactic acid + energy What does lactic acid do?

[blank_start]Sterilised[blank_end] milk is used to avoid the presence of unwanted [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]. High temperatures kill the bacteria. The milk is cooled to [blank_start]40-45ºC[blank_end] - which is the optimum temperature for [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end]. The enzymes from bacteria convert milk sugar ([blank_start]lactose[blank_end]) into [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end]. Which makes the milk [blank_start]sour[blank_end] and makes the product [blank_start]semi-solid[blank_end].

Yeast cells contain enzymes that convert sugars into alcohol.

Yeast cells convert ethanol into sugar.

What is the process of producing the drink, beer called? What are the conditions needed?

1) Barley grains (containing [blank_start]starch[blank_end]) are warmed with water to germinate. They produce amylase which breaks starch into maltose. 2) Barley is boiled with water to release [blank_start]sugar[blank_end] 3) Hops are added for [blank_start]flavour[blank_end] 4) [blank_start]Yeast[blank_end] is added and [blank_start]enzymes[blank_end] in this convert sugar to alcohol - [blank_start]fermentation[blank_end] 5) Beer is usually [blank_start]filtered[blank_end] and the yeast is [blank_start]recycled[blank_end] to make more beer.

The group of organisms that includes yeast are: [blank_start]Fungi[blank_end]

What is meant by the term anaerobic? [blank_start]Less o2 or no o2 is used in respiration[blank_end]

Describe how bottles can be sterilised [blank_start]Heat the bottles[blank_end] with [blank_start]steam[blank_end]

Name the enzyme that digests the starch in the barley. [blank_start]Amylase[blank_end]