Question 1
Question
A/an _____________ vector quantifies the expression of a gene to measure the activity of regulatory elements.
Answer
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Reporter
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Expression
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Cloning
Question 2
Question
An expression vector is used to _________.
Answer
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Study the effect of overexpression of a gene on cell functions
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Measure activities of regulatory sequences
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Quantify the expression of a gene downstream of the regulatory sequence of interest
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Amplify and isolate the product of a gene
Question 3
Question
Which of the following is NOT an essential component of a plasmid?
Question 4
Question
What would not be found in a eukaryotic expression vector?
Question 5
Question
The expression of the _______ gene is quantified to study the activity of a regulatory sequence. In which type of vector would you find this gene?
Question 6
Question
Which is NOT involved in the construction of cDNA libraries?
Answer
-
reverse transcriptase
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oligo dT primer
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ribonuclease H
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DNA polymerase
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DNA ligase
Question 7
Question
What is the role of ribonuclease H in the synthesis of cDNA?
Answer
-
Degrade the mRNA template
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Synthesize the mRNA template
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LIgate the 2 strands of newly-synthesized DNA
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Synthesize the first strand of cDNA from mRNA template
Question 8
Question
Which type of vector is pBluescript?
Answer
-
Expression because it tests for the expression of lacZ gene
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Cloning because it is used to isolate DNA sequences with a built-in mechanism to select for recombinant plasmids
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Reporter because it quantifies lacZ expression
Question 9
Question
Which outcome indicates that a colony on the pBluescript agar contains the recombinant plasmid?
Question 10
Question
Which is NOT true about enhancers sequences?
Answer
-
Always located upstream of a gene
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Function in both 5'-3' and 3'-5' directions
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Influence expression of genes that are physically distant from the enhancer
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Function is not affected if location is moved
Question 11
Question
Which of the following are DNA binding motifs?
Answer
-
Helix-turn-helix
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Zinc finger
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Leucine zipper
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Helix-loop-helix
Question 12
Question
_______ hormones bind hormone response elements (HRE) in the nucleus to upregulate target genes.
Question 13
Question
Epigenetics (changes in chromatin structure) is heritable and irreversible.
Question 14
Question
Position-effect variegation is the change in gene expression caused by the translocation of genes between heterochromatin and euchromatin regions.
Question 15
Question
Which does NOT result from histone acetyltransferases (HATs) activity?
Answer
-
Loosening of DNA packaging
-
Decreased gene expression
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Easier transcriptional factor binding
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More open chromatin
Question 16
Question
Which would lead to a decrease in gene expression?
Answer
-
HAT
-
HDAC
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DNA methyltransferases
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SWI/SNF
Question 17
Question
What is the difference in dosage compensation of Drosophila and C. elegans?
Answer
-
Drosophila: hyperactivation of male X; C. elegans: hypoactivations of both female X'es
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Drosophila: hypoactivations of both female X'es; C. elegans: hyperactivation of male X
-
Drosophila: inactivation of a female X; C. elegans: hyperactivation of male X
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Drosophila: hyperactivation of male X; C. elegans: inactivation of a female X
Question 18
Question
Imprinted gene is the inheritance of parental acetylation pattern.
Question 19
Question
Which does NOT result in increased mRNA stability?
Answer
-
elF4E
-
PABPI
-
Deadenylase
-
Long poly-A tail
Question 20
Question
______ removes the hairpin loop of the Pre-miRNA to form ds siRNA.
Question 21
Question
G1/S checkpoint is controlled by [blank_start]Rb[blank_end].
DNA damage checkpoint is controlled by [blank_start]p53[blank_end].
Question 22
Question
Which is NOT correct regarding cell cycle control?
Answer
-
Phosphorylation of Rb leads to growth factor independent G1/S progression.
-
A loss-of-function mutation in the p53 gene leads to a rapid accumulation of pro-cancer mutations.
-
Cyclin D is an inhibitor of Rb, which in turns is an inhibitor of E2F.
-
p53 upregulates BAX which activates the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Question 23
Question
The p53 gene is mutated in >50% cancers.
Question 24
Question
Which gene is the most closely-associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?
Question 25
Question
In Burkitt's lymphoma, ______ gene is translocated to a region controlled by a strong enhancer.
Question 26
Question
Which does NOT result in growth factor independent G1/S transition?
Answer
-
Hyperphosphorylated Rb
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Loss-of-function mutation of Rb
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Mutation in E2F which prevents Rb binding
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Low levels of cyclin D leading up to DNA duplication
Question 27
Question
Which of the following cellular properties is the LEAST likely to cause cancer?
Answer
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Mutations in signalling proteins and receptors
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Insensitive to anti-growth signals
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Overexpression of pro-apoptotic proteins
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Overexpression of telomerase
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Upregulation of VEGF
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Ability to metastasize and invade other tissues
Question 28
Question
[blank_start]Ras[blank_end] hyperactivation results from a point mutation to Valine and GTP-independent activity.
[blank_start]bcr-abl[blank_end] fusion protein is closely associated with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.
[blank_start]HER2[blank_end] is an epidermal growth factor receptor, whose oncogenic properties arises from gene amplification.
In Burkitt's lymphoma, [blank_start]c-myc[blank_end] gene is translocated to a region controlled by a strong enhancer. It is also amplified in childhood neuroblastomas.