Question 1
Question
The specific CNS complication of Chickenpox is
Question 2
Question
Treatment of cerebral oedema includes
Answer
-
Diuretics – spironolactone
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Diuretics – mannitol, furanthril
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Question 3
Question
Common presentations of AIDS are
Answer
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prolong morning low grade fever, weight loss, diarrhea
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hyperpyrexia with profuse sweating, dehydration with metabolic changes
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bulimia, hyperactivity, psychomotor agitation
Question 4
Question
Which meningitis is characterized by the following CSF findings – lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal or slightly elevated protein and normal glucose level?
Answer
-
Viral
-
Purulent
-
Tuberculous
Question 5
Question
The rash in Scarlet fever is
Answer
-
maculo-papules, vesicular, different stages at the same time
-
vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome
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pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed
Question 6
Question
Typical for Diptheria are
Answer
-
dense, dirty gray, hard deposits on the tonsils
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whitish deposits on the tonsils and buccal mucosa, easily removable
-
the disease is widespread in Bulgaria
Question 7
Question
The most common clinical manifestation of Salmonellosis is
Answer
-
sepsis
-
cholecystitis
-
gastroenteritis
Question 8
Question
Which is the antibiotic of choice of for Mediterranean spotted fever
Answer
-
Gentamycin
-
Doxycycline
-
Ceftriaxone
Question 9
Question
Poliomyelitis is characterised by
Answer
-
flaccid asymmetric, proximal paralysis
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flaccid symmetric, proximal paralysis
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full recovery of the affected limb
Question 10
Question
Typical for clinical presentation of Cholera is
Question 11
Question
The agent of which disease has teratogenic effect?
Answer
-
Rubella
-
Scarlet fever
-
Measles
Question 12
Question
The main factor for chronicity in HBV infection is
Answer
-
age
-
innate immunity
-
gender
Question 13
Question
The diarrheal syndrome in shigellosis is characterised with
Answer
-
large amount of watery stools + abdominal pain
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sparse, bloody mucoid stools + tenesmi
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voluminous liquid, ” rice water” type stools
Question 14
Question
Hepatitis with the most severe course with possibility of acute liver failure is
Question 15
Question
Which infection is vaccine preventable
Answer
-
Salmonella
-
Measles
-
Scarlet fever
Question 16
Question
Hypopotassemia may be suspected in a patient with
Question 17
Question
Empirical therapy for bacterial meningitis includes
Answer
-
3rd generation Cephalosporins + Vancomycin
-
Penicillin + Metronidazole
-
3rd generation Cephalosporins + Clindamycin
Question 18
Question
Measles rash appears
Answer
-
24 h after onset of the disease
-
the disease begins with it
-
on 3-5-the day of disease onset
Question 19
Question
The stools in cholera resemble
Question 20
Question
The most common causative agents of purulent meningitis are
Answer
-
S.pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae
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S.pneumoniae, Staph.aureus, Myc. tuberculosis
-
N meningitidis, L. monocytogenes, St. epidermidis
Question 21
Question
The rash of Chicken pox is
Answer
-
maculo-papules, vesicular, different stages at the same time
-
vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome
-
pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed
Question 22
Question
Who is NOT at risk for severe Chickenpox
Question 23
Question
The earliest laboratory test for confirmation of acute hepatitis C is
Answer
-
Anti-HCV by ELISA
-
HCV RNA by PCR
-
HCV Ag by ELISA
Question 24
Question
Pregnant in the 1st trimester has discrete macular rash and negative serological test (ELISA) for Rubella. What is the next step?
Question 25
Question
Shigellosis is likely to present with seizures in
Question 26
Question
Which test is best to confirm EBV as causative agent of infectious mononucleosis
Answer
-
detection of heterophile antibodies
-
detection of specific antibodies to EBV
-
detection of nucleic acid of EBV in the blood
Question 27
Question
Raspberry tongue is typical for
Answer
-
Scarlet fever
-
Measles
-
Chickenpox
Question 28
Question
The most common neoplasm in HIV infection is
Answer
-
Kaposki‘s sarcoma
-
Pulmonary carcinoma
-
Melanoma
Question 29
Question
The aminotransferases (ALT and AST) in acute viral hepatitis are
Answer
-
Normal
-
100 E/L
-
> 1000 E/l
Question 30
Question
Etiological treatment of choice in cholera is
Question 31
Question
Antibiotic of choice for the treatment of Scarlet fever is
Answer
-
tetracycline
-
penicillin / beta-lactam
-
gentamicin
Question 32
Question
Meningeal irritation includes
Question 33
Question
Route of transmission in Lyme disease is
Question 34
Question
The most common causative agent of pneumonia in AIDS patients is
Question 35
Question
Typical clinical manifestation of tetanus is
Question 36
Question
Antibiotic of choice for treatment of Erythema migrans is
Answer
-
Cefrtiaxone
-
Doxycycline
-
Gentamycine
Question 37
Answer
-
appears after 24 h after the disease onset
-
the disease starts with it
-
appears on 3-5th day of disease onset
Question 38
Question
At risk of acute viral hepatitis C are
Question 39
Question
The rash of meningococcemia is
Answer
-
hemorrhagic necrotic, localized predominantly on the lower limbs and buttocks
-
vesicular, diffuse
-
vesicular, highly pruritic
Question 40
Question
Initial treatment of infectious diarrhea includes
Answer
-
rehydration
-
antibiotic
-
correction of ↓K
Question 41
Question
On suspicion of acute viral hepatitis the minimum laboratory TESTS are
Answer
-
alkaline phosphate, gamma glutamyl transferase
-
urine (bile pigments), serum (ALT and AST, bilirubin)
-
complete blood count, electrolytes, acid-base metabolism
Question 42
Question
The evolution of Chickenpox rash is
Answer
-
macula – papule - vesicle - crust
-
macula- papule - brown pigmentation
-
petechiae- ecchymosis- suffusion
Question 43
Question
The main factor for chronicity in HBV infection is
Answer
-
age
-
innate immunity
-
gender
Question 44
Question
The mainstay of diphtheria treatment is
Answer
-
antibiotics
-
antitoxin serum
-
corticosteroids
Question 45
Question
Which infection is vaccine-preventable
Answer
-
Measles
-
Scarlet fever
-
Lyme borreliosis
Question 46
Question
Koplik spots are pathognomonic sign for
Answer
-
Scarlet fever
-
Measles
-
Rubella
Question 47
Question
Jaundice as a clinical manifestation of acute viral hepatitis C is seen
Question 48
Question
Laboratory minimum for suspected viral hepatitis is
Answer
-
urine (bile pigments), serum (ALT and AST, bilirubin)
-
CBC, electrolytes, acid-base balance
-
abdominal ultrasound
Question 49
Question
Meningeal irritation, prolonged clouding consciousness and focal neurological findings are common in
Answer
-
meningoencephalitis
-
encephalitis
-
meningitis
Question 50
Question
The incubation period in Shigellosis is
Answer
-
2 weeks
-
1-7 days
-
4-6 hours
Question 51
Question
What type of toxin is released by Salmonella bacteria on cell lysis
Answer
-
endotoxin
-
neurotoxin
-
enterotoxin
Question 52
Question
Which of the following agents causes hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Answer
-
enterohemorrhagic E.coli
-
enteroinvasive E.coli
-
pathogenic E.coli
Question 53
Question
The agent of which disease has teratogenic effect?
Answer
-
Rubella
-
Scarlet fever
-
Measles
Question 54
Question
Which of the following statements regarding enteroviruses as causative agents of aseptic meningitis are NOT TRUE?
Answer
-
Enteroviruses account for up to 80% of cases of viral meningitis.in children
-
the clinical presentation in children is milder than in adults
-
lymphocytes are predominant in the first 24 hours, later neutrophils prevail
Question 55
Question
Which type of immunity is impaired in HIV infection?
Answer
-
humoral
-
cell mediated
-
innate
Question 56
Question
Viral hepatitis A is transmitted via
Answer
-
fecal-oral mechanism
-
parenteral mechanism
-
sexual mechanism
Question 57
Question
The most common causative agent of of Infectious mononucleosis is
Answer
-
Epstein-Barr virus
-
Cytomegalovirus
-
HIV
Question 58
Question
The main route of transmission of hepatitis C virus is
Answer
-
fecal-oral
-
intravenous usage
-
sexual
Question 59
Question
The rash in Scarlet fever is ???
Answer
-
maculo-papules, vesicular, fast evolution of stages
-
vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome
-
pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribed
Question 60
Question
The mental status in tetanus is
Question 61
Question
Typical Measles rash is
Answer
-
maculo-papular rash appearing on the first day of the disease
-
maculo-papular rash, confluent, appears on the 4-5 the day
-
discrete maculo-papular rash fades after 3 days
Question 62
Question
Which type of meningitis is characterized by the following CSF findings – lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated protein and decreased glucose level
Answer
-
viral
-
purulent
-
tuberculous
Question 63
Question
Which of the following conditions are NOT AIDS-defining illness?
Answer
-
Herpes zoster
-
Kaposki’s sarcoma
-
Esophageal candidiasis
Question 64
Question
Cholera initially presents with
Question 65
Question
Which of the following microorganisms is associated with diarrhoea after antibiotic therapy or severe operations
Answer
-
Cl. difficile
-
Salmonella
-
E.coli
Question 66
Question
Diarrheal syndrome in shigellosis is characterised by
Answer
-
large amount of watery stools + abdominal pain
-
sparse, bloody mucoid stools + tenesmi
-
voluminous liquid, ” rice water” type stools
Question 67
Question
A pregnant woman in first trimester had contact with a sick child, suspected to have rubella. How could you manage her
Answer
-
to clarify if the child has Rubella
-
to recommend abortion on medical grounds
-
to determine her immunity by serology
Question 68
Question
The most common presentation of Lyme borreliosis is
Answer
-
erythema migrans
-
arthritis
-
neuritis
Question 69
Question
The most common initial complaints in acute viral hepatitis are
Answer
-
fatigue, anorexia, nausea, loss of appetite
-
severe abdominal pain radiating to the shoulders and vomiting
-
fever and diarrhoea
Question 70
Question
First choice antibiotic for treatment of pertussis is
Answer
-
ceftriaxone
-
macrolides
-
amikacin
Question 71
Question
Empirical treatment on suspicion of bacterial meningitis includes
Answer
-
3rd generation Cephalosporins + Vancomycin
-
Penicillin + Metronidazole
-
3rd generation Cephalosporins + Clindamycin
Question 72
Question
Thick pseudomembrans, spreading across the pharyngeal mucosa and bleeding while dislodging, are characteristic for
Answer
-
mononucleosis
-
diphtheria
-
strepto pharyngitis
Question 73
Question
Pustula maligna is typical for
Question 74
Question
Anthrax infection results from
Question 75
Question
Acute hepatitis C becomes chronic in
Question 76
Question
The stages in the course of HIV/AIDS infection are
Answer
-
early HIV infection, latency period, AIDS
-
catarrhal period , rash period , convalescent period
-
initial intoxication period, period of generalized lymphnodulomegaly, period of hepatosplenomegaly
Question 77
Question
Serological markers of acute viral hepatitis B are
Answer
-
HBsAg (+) and anti HBc IgM (+)
-
HBsAg (+) and anti HBc total (+)
-
anti HBsAg (+) and anti HAV IgM (+)
Question 78
Question
Arthralgia in acute viral hepatitis presents with
Answer
-
joint pain without swelling and redness
-
swelling, redness and forced position
-
swelling without pain and redness
Question 79
Question
Tache noire (black spot) at the site of the tick bite represents
Answer
-
painless ulcer covered with black (necrotic) crust
-
painless oval or round pink or red skin plaque> 5 cm
-
painful hot red plaque with raised edges
Question 80
Question
Which of the following findings IS NOT characteristic of infant meningitis?
Question 81
Question
The screening test for HIV infection is
Answer
-
anti HIV (ELISA)
-
viral RNA (PCR)
-
anti HIV (immunoblot)
Question 82
Question
The rash in Mediterranean spotted fever is
Answer
-
maculopapular
-
vesicular
-
erythematous
Question 83
Question
Which diseases in not vaccine preventable
Answer
-
Lyme borreliosis
-
Poliomyelitis
-
Measles
Question 84
Question
The most common electrolyte abnormalities in patients with diarrhea are
Answer
-
hyponatremia and hypokaliemia
-
hypercalcemia and hyperkaliemia
-
hypernatriemia and hyperchloremia
Question 85
Question
Acyclovir is recommended to which of following cases
Question 86
Question
Which of the following statements regarding leptospirosis IS NOT true”
Answer
-
Leptospirosis is a biphasic illness with multiorgan involvement
-
Gentamycin is the antibiotic of choice
-
Infection is acquired during walking or bathing in rivers
Question 87
Question
At risk for development of Herpes Zoster are
Question 88
Question
Characteristic clinical manifestation of enteroviral infections is
Answer
-
Herpagina
-
Gingivostomatitis
-
Exudative pharyngitis
Question 89
Question
The rash in Scarlet fever is
Answer
-
small maculopapules predominantly in the axilar and inguinal regions
-
vesicular rash, which most commonly affects a thoracic dermatome
-
pustular, at the same stage of development, deep-seated, firm, round, well-circumscribe
Question 90
Question
Inflammatory diarrhea is commonly caused by
Answer
-
Shigella sp., Campylobacter jejuni, Cl. difficile
-
Viruses, enterotoxigenic E. coli
-
S. aureus, B. cereus, most Salmonella sp.
Question 91
Question
When is ART warranted
Question 92
Question
In the case of infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, it is important to consider
Answer
-
primary HIV infection
-
neoplasms
-
syphilis