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ES 1023B final

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es 1023b final prep
Lindsay Daly
Quiz by Lindsay Daly, updated more than 1 year ago
Lindsay Daly
Created by Lindsay Daly over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Stress buildup occurs before and after an EQ
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
An EQ is
Answer
  • easy to predict
  • occuring over a plane
  • a release of stress that has been building up

Question 3

Question
Stress builds up, is released as an EQ then plate...
Answer
  • rebounds to a new position and stress begins to accumulate again
  • rebounds to same position and stress begins to accumulate
  • does a jig. help me I'm twitching from coffee

Question 4

Question
hypocentre is focus depth
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
surface waves cause damage. There are two types:
Answer
  • Love waves
  • Rayleigh waves
  • Benioff-wadati waves
  • shear waves
  • p-waves

Question 6

Question
seismographs measure the movement of the frame relative to the movement of the weight
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
s-p time is time in between s and p waves
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Distance from epicentre
Answer
  • is basically a p-wave or s-wave curve
  • increases s-p time
  • decreases s-p time
  • can be used to determine magnitude

Question 9

Question
where s-p waves intersect is the epicentre
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Felt intensity is
Answer
  • amount of damage caused
  • magnitude of the EQ

Question 11

Question
elastic straining
Answer
  • breaks bonds of an atom, and causes an EQ
  • causes bonds to bend, eq releases tension

Question 12

Question
The richter scale is a logarithm of s-p times
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
an increase of one on the richter scale corresponds to an increase in magnitude
Answer
  • 31x
  • 2x
  • 10^x

Question 14

Question
MS = log10(A) + 1.656log10(∆) + 1.818
Answer
  • A= angle
  • A=amplitude
  • theta=angle
  • theta=felt intensity

Question 15

Question
Moment magnitude is based on energy released and it depends on:
Answer
  • area of fault
  • constrictions of rock type
  • slip of the fault
  • type of fault
  • surface waves

Question 16

Question
solidus is the line of pressure vs temperature
Answer
  • it is the line of partial melt
  • it is the line of complete melt
  • it is the line where the rock is a solid

Question 17

Question
liquidus is the line of
Answer
  • pressure vs temp for when the minerals are completely melted
  • pressure vs depth when the minerals are completely melted
  • pressure vs temperature for when the minerals are partially melted

Question 18

Question
which is a felsic rock?
Answer
  • andesite
  • rhyolite
  • basalt

Question 19

Question
higher silica content
Answer
  • causes higher viscosity
  • causes lower melting point
  • is found in mafic rocks
  • is found in felsic rocks

Question 20

Question
when gas is present in lava
Answer
  • the more viscose the lava, the harder it is for the gas to escape, the more explosive the eruption
  • the lowering of the pressure causes bubbles to form, pushing the magma up
  • it evaporates due to the high temperature
  • it creates a hot pocket of gas in the belly of the volcano

Question 21

Question
ways to melt plates
Answer
  • plume heating
  • divergent boundaries(decompression)
  • convergent (hydration)
  • transform
  • normal

Question 22

Question
plumes rise from the __________________ because they're hotter
Answer
  • athenosphere
  • lithosphere
  • core-mantle boundary
  • mantle

Question 23

Question
effusive eruptions generally:
Answer
  • occur above hot spots
  • are composed of low viscocity magma
  • are basaltic
  • are felsic
  • are found at divergent boundaries

Question 24

Question
Pahoehoe lava
Answer
  • has a solid, cooled skin on the surface
  • is 1100-1200C
  • is very and is felsic
  • has low viscosity and is balsaltic
  • is 1000-1100C

Question 25

Question
A'a lava
Answer
  • is mafic
  • forms little solid chunks and then is broken up by the still liquid lava
  • is 1000-1100C
  • could have been Pahoehoe
  • is felsic
  • is more liquid

Question 26

Question
when decompression occurs
Answer
  • there is reduced pressure, which allows the atoms to vibrate more
  • it is at divergent plate boundaries
  • the decrease in pressure causes the lava to fill the now empty space
  • if the magma moves up fast it can melt as it there is less and less pressure keeping the atoms confined
  • it produces large amounts of new lithosphere
  • it is generally mafic magma which then creates basalt

Question 27

Question
when hydration melting occurs
Answer
  • it is at convergent plate boundaries
  • the water in the plate causes the plate to melt at lower temperatures
  • the water at high pressures helps to break the Si-O bonds
  • the geotherm is moved to the left
  • the solidus is moved to the left

Question 28

Question
subduction zone volcanism depends on
Answer
  • hydration
  • the angle of subduction
  • the plate boundary
  • the core mantle boundary

Question 29

Question
mainly___________ and ___________ erupt at convergent boundaries
Answer
  • andesite and rhyolite
  • andesite and basalt
  • basalt and rhyolite

Question 30

Question
islands arcs are behind the trench
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
A monopole is known to be possible
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
are these right?
Answer
  • inclination is degree from horizontal, intensity, declination is angle from true north
  • inclination is intensity, declination is degree from horizontal
  • decelnienvraru bvlea echjfd'nuojiawmec .i;oinwce]b[9'

Question 33

Question
the eart's magnetic field can't be driven by magnetic iron because
Answer
  • the high temperature's would surpass iron's curie temperature and it would lose it's magnetism
  • the temperature is too high
  • there is no magnetic field in the core to induce the atoms to align and create a magnetic field

Question 34

Question
a dynamo
Answer
  • converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
  • is what powers the earth's core
  • is found in the solar flares
  • is what changes the solidus' slope

Question 35

Question
dynamo depends on
Answer
  • speed
  • conductivity of metal
  • size
  • area
  • temperature

Question 36

Question
thermal convection in the inner core is caused by
Answer
  • heat transfer from the inner core to the outer core
  • latent heat of formation from the inner core's expansion
  • heat caused by the dynamo

Question 37

Question
choose the right pairing
Answer
  • solar wind= charged particles from the sun magnetosphere= area in which charged particles are still affected by the earth's magnetic field magnetotail= part of magnetosphere that is pushed away by solar winds
  • solar wind=part of magnetosphere that is pushed away magnetosphere= charged particles from the sun magnetotail= area in which charged particles are still affected by the earth's magnetic field

Question 38

Question
northern lights are caused by:
Answer
  • ions that get excited when trapped in earth's magnetic field
  • the magnetosphere becoming more hot with global warming
  • release of energy from fission of new particles in magnetosphere

Question 39

Question
ionospheric fields are caused when charged particles' magnetic fields interact with the magnetic field 80-200 km above the earth
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
when the field strength reaches zero
Answer
  • there can be a polar reversal
  • things can stay the same
  • organisms are introduced to more radiation

Question 41

Question
centrifugal force keeps the international space station orbiting the earth by counteracting the normal force
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
gravity in the center of the earth is only dependent on the stuff directly beneath you because
Answer
  • there is more beneath you, but it's cancelled out by what's above
  • there's more mass above, but the mass below is heavier and cancels it out
  • the mass above is pulling up, which is cancelled out by the mass farther below, pulling down

Question 43

Question
apparent gravity is
Answer
  • the gravity that can be observed
  • the gravity at any point on earth

Question 44

Question
gravity is weaker by 0.05 at the equator because
Answer
  • the heat interferes with gravitational field lines
  • earth's oblong shape causes more centrifugal force to be at the equator, counteracting gravity to a small degree
  • there is more mass between earth's core and equator

Question 45

Question
isostasy means
Answer
  • the weight of the mountains is equal to the weight of the displaced mantle
  • that whatever is closest to earth's core will feel more gravity
  • that the more dense mountain condenses the mantle

Question 46

Question
depth at which mantle flow occurs is the
Answer
  • compensation depth
  • moho
  • focus depth

Question 47

Question
elevation is dependent on
Answer
  • height
  • density
  • composition
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