Question 1
Question
Which of the following is a correct description of Ludwig's Angina?
Answer
-
Caused by anaerobe infection
-
It occurs in children with concomitant dental infections
-
It is not life-threatneing
-
Caused by infection from bacteroids, staphylococci, and streptococci
Question 2
Question
Choose all the following that are mechanisms of select toxicity?
Answer
-
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
Selective Inhibition
-
Suppression of DNA synthesis
-
Common targets
-
Unique drug targets
-
Alteration of cell membrane permeability
Question 3
Question
Which of the following is the correct definition of Anti-infective agents?
Answer
-
Natural or synthetic substances used to suppress growth or kill bacteria/ single cell organisms
-
Substances that act against or destroy infections (Fungal/Viral/Bacteria)
-
Substances that destroy or supress the growth or multiplcation of bacteria
-
Substances produced by bacteria that can destroy or suppress the growth or multiplication of bacteria or prevent the action of bacteria
Question 4
Question
What antibacterial is given for emergency treatment of Ludwig's Angina?
Answer
-
Penicillin V
-
Ampicillin
-
Penicillin G
-
Augmentin
Question 5
Question
Which of the following is the correct mechanism for how Polymyxins act as antibiotics?
Answer
-
Binds to ribosome 30s to prohibit protein synthesis
-
Disrupts the integrity of the baceterial cell wall by displacing calcium and magnesium
-
Inhibits the cross-linkages between the peptidoglycan polymer strands
-
Disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane by displacing calcium and magnesium
Question 6
Question
Antibiotics that bind to bacterial ribosomes inhibit what enzyme?
Answer
-
Transpeptidase
-
Peptidyl transferase
-
Beta lactamase
-
Transcriptase
Question 7
Question
How do sulfonamides prevent the further growth of bacteria?
Answer
-
They block conversion of PABA into dihydrofolic acid
-
They inhibit DNA gyrase and Topoismerase enzymes, preventing supercoiling
-
They inhibit peptidyl transferase, inhibiting binding of tRNA to mRNA
-
They bind to the dihydroflate reductase (DHFR) enzyme, thus preventing production of folic acid
Question 8
Question
Acquired resistance is when the bacteria has always been resistant due to inherent properties of the bacteria
Question 9
Question
Which bacteria are susceptible to enzyme inactivation by beta lactamases?
Answer
-
Cephalosporins
-
Macrolides
-
Metronidazole
-
Tetracyclines
Question 10
Question
Which of the following is defines as a mobile genetic element which may be transferred from one organism to the other?
Answer
-
Bacteriophages
-
Integrons
-
Transposons
-
Plasmid
Question 11
Question
An integron is a genetic element that captures and disseminates genes through a gene cassette
Question 12
Question
Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial resistance?
Answer
-
Enzymatic inactvation
-
Antibiotic antagonism or interactions
-
Insensitivity to apoptosis
-
Overproduction of target sites
Question 13
Question
Which of the following cancers do NOT have a high incidence of p53 mutations
Answer
-
Ovarian
-
Lung
-
Colon
-
Pancreatic
Question 14
Question
Which of the following is correct regarding superinfections?
Answer
-
More likely to occur with narrow spectrum antibiotics
-
Occurs with transfer of plasmids and transposons
-
They are easy to treat
-
May be opportunistic infections with viruses such as Candidda albicans and Histoplasmosis
Question 15
Question
When would chemoprophylaxis be used?
Answer
-
Used after surgery to prevent wound infections
-
Used after a potential expsoure
-
To prevent an oral infection after having a dental procedure
-
In immunocompromised patients to prevent reactivation of latent reactions
Question 16
Question
Penicillins are narrow spectrum drugs
Question 17
Question
Select all of the bactericidal antibiotics
Answer
-
Macrolides
-
Pencillin
-
Metronidazole
-
Tetracycline
-
Cefadroxil
-
Cephalexin
-
Aminoglycosides
-
Ciprofloxacin
-
Clindamycin
Question 18
Question
Which of the following is NOT a cause for antibiotic failure?
Answer
-
Limited vascularity or blood flow to tissue
-
Blood concentration too low
-
Impaired host to immune system
-
Failure to activate the antibiotics
Question 19
Question
Which of the following antibacterials can cause a long QT syndrome?
Answer
-
Fluroquinolones
-
Sulfonamides
-
Penicillins
-
Cephalsporins
Question 20
Question
Which of the following antibacterials cause agranulocytosis?
Answer
-
Fluroquinolones
-
C. diff
-
Macrolides
-
Penicillins
Question 21
Question
Which of the following is NOT a concern of antibiotic use?
Question 22
Question
Which of the following is incorrect regarding Penicillin G/Penicillin V?
Answer
-
One of these two can be used for treatment of Ludwig's Angina
-
Used for mixed aerobic-anerobic infections
-
Used for head, neck, and dental infections
-
These are all correct
Question 23
Question
Which of the following is the correct use of antistaphylococcal penicillins?
Answer
-
Skin and soft tissue infections
-
Broad spectrum Enterobacter
-
Klebsiella and enterocci
-
Ear, nose and throat, H. pylori
Question 24
Question
Which of the following is not an antistaphylococcal penicillin?
Question 25
Question
Augmentin contains an antistaphylococcal penicillin
Question 26
Question
Penicillins work by inhibiting which enzyme?
Answer
-
Integrase
-
Peptidyl transferase
-
Transpeptidase
-
Transcriptase
Question 27
Question
Penicillin V is administered IV only?
Question 28
Question
Which of the following is NOT a possible adverse effect from peniciilins?
Question 29
Question
Which of the following is a known drug reaction with use of penicillin?
Answer
-
Increase renal tubular secretion with use of probenecid
-
Inactivation with use of aminoglycosides
-
Disulfram-like reaction
-
Inhibits metabolism of anticoagulants, increasing risk of bleeding
Question 30
Question
Which of the following is true regarding aminopenicillins?
Answer
-
Resistant to beta lactamases
-
Narrow spectrum
-
Ampicillin has less side effects than amoxicillin
-
Effective against Neissseria gonorrhea and meningitidis
Question 31
Question
Select the following that are ineffective against beta lactamases:
Answer
-
Penicillin V
-
Penicillin G
-
Cloxacillin
-
Amoxicillin
Question 32
Question
Which of the following can be used to overcome resistant bacteria?
Answer
-
Cloxacillin
-
Amoxacillin
-
Clavulanic acid
-
Ampicillin
Question 33
Question
Which of the following is true regarding penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors?
Answer
-
Amoxicillin has a molecular structure similar to beta lactam, thus prevents inactivation by beta lactamase
-
They are ineffective against Salmonella related infections
-
They are used in immunocompromised patients with mixed infections
-
They are effective against Klebsiella bacteria
Question 34
Question
Which of the following best represents first generation cephalosporins?
Answer
-
Includes Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone
-
Used for UTI and soft tissue abscesses
-
Effective against Klebsiella and H influenza
-
Used for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia
Question 35
Question
Which of the following best describes generation 2 cephalosporins
Answer
-
Drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis
-
Used to treat Meningitis
-
Includes the drug Cefuroxime
-
Includes the drug Cefepime
Question 36
Question
Which of the following best describes generation 3 cephalosporins?
Answer
-
They have resistance to beta lacmases
-
Hightly active against P aeruginosa
-
Not approved for treatment of meningitis
-
Best for any H influenza infection
Question 37
Question
Which of the following best describes fourth generation cephalosporins?
Answer
-
It is used for meningitis
-
It includes the drug ceftaroline
-
It is active against Neisseria
-
Can be used for MRSA
Question 38
Question
Ceftaroline is active against MDR staph aureus, MRSA, and VRSA
Question 39
Question
Protein synthesis inhibitors are considered narrow spectrum antibiotics
Question 40
Question
Tetracyclines are broad spectrum antibiotics
Question 41
Question
Which of the following best matches the mechanism of tetracyclines?
Answer
-
Inhibition of beta 1-3 glycan of bacterial cell wall, preventing cross-linkages
-
Becomes mechanically reduced to a toxic metabolite, interacting with DNA
-
Binds to 50s subunit, preventing binding of tRNA to mRNA
-
Binds to 30s subunit, preventing binding of tRNA to mRNA
Question 42
Question
Which of the following are targeted by tetracyclines
Question 43
Question
Which of the following is NOT a concern of tetracyclines?
Question 44
Question
Which of the following is incorrect regarding macrolides?
Answer
-
Broad spectrum
-
Kills Treponema pallidum
-
Used as an alternative for patients allergic penicillins
-
Can be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal, depending on dose
Question 45
Question
What makes Telithromycin so special?
Answer
-
It can be used for MRSA
-
It can cause Fanconi's syndrome if taken when it is expired
-
It can bind to ribosome 23s, which makes it unique
-
Can be used in cases when other macrolides cause fulminant hepatic necrosis
Question 46
Question
Which of the following is incorrect regarding Chloramphenicol?
Question 47
Question
Chloramphenicol can cause gray baby syndrome
Question 48
Question
Which of the following is NOT a use for Clindamycin?
Question 49
Question
Which of the following is NOT a concern for use of Clindamycin?
Question 50
Question
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
-
Elderly
-
Sulfonamides
-
Ampicillin
-
Erhythromycin
Question 51
Question
Choose all of the following that are part of treatment of pseudomembranous colitis?
Answer
-
Start on Vancomycin IV
-
Hydration
-
Start on clotrimazole
-
Start of Metronidazole
-
Stop all antibiotics
-
Start on Vancomycin oral
Question 52
Question
What is the clinical use of sulfonamides?
Question 53
Question
Sulfonamide is a structural analog of DFHR
Question 54
Question
Which of the following causes Steven-Johnson syndrome?
Answer
-
Sulfonamides
-
Penicillins
-
Macrolides
-
Tetracyclines
Question 55
Question
Sulfonamides can cause which of the following adverse effects?
Question 56
Question
Which of the following is NOT another name for trimethoprim?
Answer
-
Co-trimoxazole
-
Bactrim
-
Clotrimazole
-
Septra
Question 57
Question
Which best describes the mechanism of trimethoprim?
Question 58
Question
Which of the following antibiotics are best known to be used for acne?
Answer
-
Tetracyclines
-
Sulfonamides
-
Macrolides
-
Penicillins
Question 59
Question
Clotrimazole can be used for UTI?
Question 60
Question
Metronidazole is used for the treatment of amoebic liver abscesss
Question 61
Question
How do fluoroquinolones kill bacteria?
Answer
-
They are chemically reduced to a toxic metabolite which interacts with DNA, resulting in loss of helical structure and essentially cell death
-
They bind to bacterial ribosomes 30s
-
They inhibit transpeptidases
-
They compromise the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane
Question 62
Question
Which of the following do metronidazoles NOT attack?
Answer
-
Gram positive
-
Anaerobes
-
Gram negative
-
Aerobes
Question 63
Question
Which of the following is not a drug interaction of metronidazole?
Question 64
Question
Sharp metallic taste is one of many adverse effects of sulfonamides
Question 65
Question
Which best describes the mechanism of action of fluroquinolones?
Answer
-
Binding to bacterial ribosome 50s
-
Inhibits DNA gyrase, preventing supercoiling and stopping DNA replication
-
Inhibits transcriptase, preventing supercoiling and stopping DNA replication
-
Chemically reduced to a toxic metabolite, interacting with DNA and essentially causing cell death
Question 66
Question
The causes of resistance in fluoroquinolones are alteration in DNA gyrase and decreased permeability
Question 67
Question
Which of the following bacteria could cause cartilage damage in children?
Answer
-
Ciprofloxacin
-
Clindamycin
-
Cefepime
-
Aminoglycosides
Question 68
Question
Ciprofloxacin is an extended spectrum drug
Question 69
Question
Which of the following is true about vancomycin?
Answer
-
Given by quick infusion for serious systemic infections
-
May be used where resistance to macrolides has developed in bacterial strains
-
Inhibits transpeptidase
-
It is not absorbed by the GI
Question 70
Question
Which of the following can cause Red Man Syndrome?
Answer
-
Penicillin
-
Erythromycin
-
Vancomycin
-
Sulfamethoxazole
Question 71
Question
Which of the following is NOT true regarding aminoglycosides?
Answer
-
Can be used for the treatment of sepsis
-
Same spectrum as fluroquinolones
-
Given only PO
-
Drug monitoring is required
Question 72
Question
Which of the following is NOT side effect of drugs such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin?
Answer
-
Reversible renal toxicity
-
Irreversible vestibular toxicity
-
Neuromuscular blockade
-
Adding furoseminde can decrease risk of renal damage
Question 73
Question
Which of the following would you want to avoid giving prior to a surgical procedure?
Answer
-
Cephalexin
-
Clindamycin
-
Tobramycin
Question 74
Question
You would want to give Vancomycin PO q12h for MRSA
Question 75
Question
VRE infects immunocompromised patients
Question 76
Question
Which of the following cannot be used for treatment of MRSA?
Answer
-
Linezolid
-
Ceftaroline
-
Streptogramins
-
Vancomycin
Question 77
Question
MRSA is resistant to ALL penicillins and cephalosporins
Question 78
Question
What are mechanisms of genetic transfer that are related to superinfections?
Answer
-
Bacteriophages
-
Integrons
-
Transposon
-
Plasmid
Question 79
Question
Which of the following best describes amphotericin B?
Answer
-
Used only as topical therapy
-
Dose adjustment required and dose limited to 6 months
-
A polyene antifungal that binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes
-
Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme and inhibits RNA synthesis
Question 80
Question
Amphotericin B is used to only treat progressive and potentially fatal systemic infections due to its severe adverse effects
Question 81
Question
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of Amphotericin B?
Question 82
Question
Which of the following does NOT increase risk of nephrotoxicity
Answer
-
Aminoglycosides
-
Amphoterecin B
-
Cisplatin
-
Macrolides
Question 83
Question
Nystatin is not related to Amphoterecin B and can therefore be used systemically
Question 84
Question
What type of fungal infection does nystatin treat?
Answer
-
Cryptococcal meningitis
-
Candida infections
-
Histoplasmosis
-
Asperillosis
Question 85
Question
What do you want to avoid taking with azole antifungals?
Answer
-
Antacids
-
Echinocandins
-
Calcium
-
Milk
Question 86
Question
Fluconazole is a prodrug
Question 87
Question
Choose all of the traizoles
Answer
-
Ketoconazole
-
Itraconazole
-
Fluconazole
-
Voriconazole
-
Miconazole
-
Clotrimazole
Question 88
Question
Which is the correct mechanism of azoles?
Answer
-
Disrupts microtubule function and inhibits dermatophyte growth
-
Binds to membrane Ergosterol
-
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
-
Inhibits the lanosterol 14 alpha enzyme, preventing the conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol and disrupts the struction of fungal membrane
Question 89
Question
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of Azoles?
Question 90
Question
Which of the following are used in hematopoietic stem cell transplatation patients?
Answer
-
Fluconazole
-
Itraconazole
-
Echinocandins
-
Isoniazid
Question 91
Question
Which of the following antifungals are used to disrupt microtubule function?
Answer
-
Terbinafine
-
Griseofulvin
-
Echinocandins
-
Ketoconazole
Question 92
Question
Which of the following antifungals is used for onychomychosis and tinea?
Answer
-
Griseofulvin
-
Terbinafine
-
Echinocandins
-
Ketoconazole
Question 93
Question
What is the difference between NRTIs and NNRTIs?
Answer
-
NRTIs inhibit viral DNA relication by binding to reverse transcriptase and inhibit DNA polymerase and NNRTIs act as chain terminators and imtate nucleotides
-
NNRTIs inhibit viral DNA relication by binding to reverse transcriptase and inhibit DNA polymerase and NRTIs act as chain terminators and imtate nucleotides
-
NRTIs interact with ohter drugs metabolized by CYP450 enzyme
-
NRTIs cause Stevens Johnson syndrome
Question 94
Question
NRTIs have mitochondrial toxicity
Question 95
Question
Which of the following is an adverse effect of NRTIs?
Question 96
Question
NRTIs cause Steven Johnson syndrome
Question 97
Question
Which of the following is not a protease inhibitor?
Answer
-
Saquinavir
-
Retrovir
-
Ritonavir
-
Indinavir
Question 98
Question
Which of the following is the correct drug regimen for post-exposure prophylaxis?
Question 99
Question
How do enfuvirtides work?
Question 100
Question
Which of the following is an integrase inhibitor?
Answer
-
Retrovir
-
Raltegravir
-
Indinavir
-
Lopinavir
Question 101
Question
TNX-355 is used to prevent virus maturation
Question 102
Question
When should Antiretroviral therapy be started?
Answer
-
When CD4 count is less than 200
-
In HIV patient who is pregnant
-
With Hepatits B virus coinfection
-
These are all reasons to start therapy
Question 103
Question
Efavirenz is the recommended drug for HIV therapy in pregnant women
Question 104
Question
Choose the drugs that are part of HAART?
Answer
-
2NRTIs
-
NNRTIs
-
Ritonavir
-
Integrase
-
Enfuvirtide
-
Befirimat
-
TNX-355
-
Acyclovir
-
Famciclovir
Question 105
Question
Which antiviral drug prevents formation of DNA chain by inhibiting viral DNA synthesis?
Answer
-
Acyclovir
-
Ganciclovir
-
Raltegravir
-
Retrovir
Question 106
Question
Ganciclovir causes myelosuppression
Question 107
Question
Which of the following is used for prophylaxis of TB
Answer
-
Rifampin
-
Isoniazid
-
Streptomycin
-
Ethambutol
Question 108
Question
Which of the following is true about isoniazid?
Answer
-
It is not readily absorbed by the GIT
-
It is metabolized by CYP450 enzyme, therefore having many drug interactions
-
Inhibits synthesis of Mycolic acid
-
Structurally distinct from pyridoxine, therefore causing peripheral neuropathy
Question 109
Question
Choose which of the following drugs are administered with isoniazid for treatment?
Answer
-
Rifampin
-
Ethambutol
-
Retrovir
-
Acyclovir
Question 110
Question
Rifampin is a "true" antibiotic
Question 111
Question
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rifampin?
Answer
-
Gives a harmless orange color to all bodilly secretions
-
Can cause cholestatic jaundice
-
Used for prophylaxis
-
Binds to bacterial RNA polymerase enzyme and inhibits RNA synthesis
Question 112
Question
Mr. Smith works as an airline pilot and was found to have TB. Which drug would you NOT want to give him, due to its effects on visual acuity and color discrimination?
Answer
-
Isoniazid
-
Rifampin
-
Ethambutol
-
Streptomycin
Question 113
Question
Which of the following drugs is given for prophylaxis and cure of malaria?
Answer
-
Fluoroquinolones
-
Quinolones
-
Albendazole
-
Chloroquine
Question 114
Question
Which of the following are concerns with the use of Antimalarials?
Question 115
Question
Which of the following is NOT a concern of antimalrials with long term drug dosing?
Answer
-
Retinopathy
-
Ototoxicity
-
Irreversible neuropathy
-
Nephrotoxicity
Question 116
Question
Epstein-Barr virus can cause nasopharyngeal cancer
Question 117
Question
Which of the following cause Hodgkins/Non-Hodgkins?
Answer
-
Hepatitis B
-
HIV
-
HPV
-
Epstein-Barr virus
Question 118
Question
Which of the following is part of treatment for advanced disease?
Question 119
Question
Which of the following NOT consistent with primary resistance in regards to cancer drugs?
Answer
-
No response with drug therapy
-
Blamed on loss of p53 tumor suppressor gene
-
Common in malignant melanoma
-
Increased expression of MDR1 gene
Question 120
Question
How do alkylating agents cause cell death in cancer drugs?
Answer
-
They transfer their alkyl groups to DNA within the nucleus
-
They can inhibit protein chains and DNA strand breakage by carbamoylation
-
React chemically with sulfydryl, amino,hydroxyl and phosphate groups
-
All of the above
Question 121
Question
Which of the following causes hemorrhagic cystitis?
Answer
-
Cyclophosphamide
-
Cisplatin
-
Vincristine
-
Mitomycin
Question 122
Question
Which of the following causes myelosuppression?
Answer
-
Methotrexate
-
Vinblastine
-
Mitomycin
-
All of the above
Question 123
Question
Which of the following cause mucositis?
Answer
-
Chlorambucil
-
Vinorelbine
-
5-flurouracil
-
None of the above
Question 124
Question
Which of the following cause neutropenia?
Answer
-
Methotrexate
-
5-flurouracil
-
Mitomycin
-
Cisplatin
Question 125
Question
Which of the following causes SIADH?
Answer
-
Methotrexate
-
Vinblastine
-
Cyclophospamide
-
None of the above
Question 126
Question
Methotrexate has a similar mechanism to what other drug?
Answer
-
Sulfonamides
-
Trimethoprim
-
Fluoroquinolones
-
Penicillins
Question 127
Question
Which of the following drugs does NOT inhibit renal excretion of methotrexate?
Question 128
Question
Imatinib prevents phosphorylation of the cell kinase substrates by ATP
Question 129
Question
Cetuximab works against which enzyme to suppress cancer growth?
Answer
-
EGFR
-
Transcriptase
-
Transpeptidase
-
DNA polymerase
Question 130
Question
Retinoic acid is used to treat childhood ALL