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Contemporary Lab Skills - Tissue Culture and Centrifugation

Description

Study quiz for exam 1 in Contemporary Lab Skills
Jo O'Bar
Quiz by Jo O'Bar, updated more than 1 year ago
Jo O'Bar
Created by Jo O'Bar almost 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following should be studied with a TISSUE culture?
Answer
  • Microorganisms
  • Animal
  • Human
  • Fungi
  • Plant
  • Cells derived from tissues

Question 2

Question
Which of the following should be studied with a CELL culture?
Answer
  • Microorganisms
  • Cells derived from tissues
  • Animals
  • Humans
  • Fungi
  • Plants

Question 3

Question
Cells in a [blank_start]determined[blank_end] state remain the same after differentiating. [blank_start]Most[blank_end] cells are in this state. Cells in a [blank_start]plastic[blank_end] state are changing, usually before they differentiate. [blank_start]Stem[blank_end] cells are in this state.
Answer
  • determined
  • plastic
  • mobile
  • static
  • plastic
  • determined
  • mobile
  • static
  • Most
  • Stem
  • Stem
  • Most

Question 4

Question
List the Biosafety labs in order from MOST to LEAST restrictive. [blank_start]Level 4[blank_end] [blank_start]Level 3[blank_end] [blank_start]Level 2[blank_end] [blank_start]Level 1[blank_end]
Answer
  • Level 4
  • Level 3
  • Level 2
  • Level 1

Question 5

Question
Check all that apply to LEVEL 1 Biosafety labs.
Answer
  • Least restrictive
  • Worried about contamination of the culture
  • Most restrictive
  • Worried about containment of culture agents
  • Worried about exposure of workers
  • Non-pathogenic
  • Extremely pathogenic

Question 6

Question
Check all that apply to LEVEL 4 Biosafety labs.
Answer
  • Most restrictive
  • Extremely pathogenic
  • Worried about contamination of culture
  • Worried about containment of culture agents
  • Worried about exposure of workers
  • Least restrictive
  • Non-pathogenic

Question 7

Question
As long as you wash your hands and arms up to the elbow and sanitize with >70% ethanol, you shouldn't have to worry about contaminating your culture due to personal hygiene.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Small pieces of jewelry are fine in a biosafety lab as long as they don't come into contact with your culture.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Which level would MOST LIKELY require a full-body containment suit?
Answer
  • Level 4
  • Level 3
  • Level 2
  • Level 1

Question 10

Question
Although Level 1 Biosafety Labs are generally safe, it is still recommended that you wear a lab coat, cap, gloves, and face mask in order to prevent contamination of your culture.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
List the workspaces in order from LEAST to MOST protected/restricted. [blank_start]Laminar flow hood[blank_end] Air filtration system [blank_start]Containment hood[blank_end] Air filtration system Front shield Ultraviolet (uv) irradiation [blank_start]Glove box[blank_end] Closed system Interlock exchange [blank_start]Culture room[blank_end] Closed system Interlock exchange
Answer
  • Laminar flow hood
  • Containment hood
  • Glove box
  • Culture room
  • Alternate Dimension
  • Hand box
  • Air hood
  • Air conditioning vents

Question 12

Question
The interior of an autoclave must have high pressure in order to stop water from expanding at high internal temperatures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
In order to sanitize using an autoclave, the object must be exposed to [blank_start]121[blank_end] degrees C at [blank_start]15[blank_end] psi for [blank_start]15[blank_end] minutes.
Answer
  • 121
  • 115
  • 21
  • 15
  • 15
  • 21
  • 115
  • 121
  • 15
  • 10
  • 20
  • 25
  • 30

Question 14

Question
Which of the following are methods for FILTRATION sterilization?
Answer
  • Syringe filters
  • Vacuum filtration systems
  • Air filtration systems
  • Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
  • Gravity filters
  • Autoclave

Question 15

Question
Which of the following applies to Gamma irradiation?
Answer
  • Penetrating
  • Used for single-use, disposable items
  • Performed by manufacturer
  • Non-penetrating
  • Performed by worker
  • Used for various lab practices

Question 16

Question
Which of the following applies to Ultraviolet irradiation?
Answer
  • Penetrating
  • Used for single-use, disposable items
  • Performed by manufacturer
  • Non-penetrating
  • Performed by worker
  • Used for various lab practices

Question 17

Question
Culture media for cell/tissue growth MUST be well defined. Partially defined media will produce inconclusive results.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Liquid media is also known as
Answer
  • broth
  • soup
  • smart water

Question 19

Question
Which of the following are examples of liquid media?
Answer
  • C source
  • N source
  • Osmotica
  • Agar dissolved in liquid media

Question 20

Question
Which of the following are examples of solid media?
Answer
  • Agar dissolved in liquid media
  • C source
  • N source
  • Osmotica

Question 21

Question
Culture Containers [blank_start]Liquid Media[blank_end]: tubes flask bottles [blank_start]Solid Media[blank_end]: plates tubes magenta boxes
Answer
  • Liquid Media
  • Solid Media

Question 22

Question
Which of these is an example of physical cell release?
Answer
  • shaking
  • enzymatic

Question 23

Question
Kelly attempted to cultivate individual bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with agar. However, when the culture had finished incubating, the colonies were in dense streaks throughout the plate with no colony isolation. Determine which step she most likely missed when streaking. Kelly: "I collected a sample from the suspension using a rod, and made a streak on a side of the agar, making sure to save room for my other streaks. I immediately took my rod and ran it through the first streak once and dragging it over the agar into my second streak. I did the same thing for my third and fourth streaks."
Answer
  • She didn't sterilize her rod between streaks.
  • She had "double-dipped," taking a sample from the suspension between each streak.
  • Kelly did everything perfectly. There must have been something wrong with her equipment.

Question 24

Question
Which of the following are most effective at sanitizing metal instruments? (Choose 3)
Answer
  • Disinfectants
  • Ethanol
  • Incinerator
  • Flame (Bunsen burner/alcohol lamp)
  • Heated glass beads

Question 25

Question
Which of the following are valid incubation conditions?
Answer
  • Temperature
  • Agitation
  • Aeration
  • Light/Dark
  • Pressure

Question 26

Question
Plants are usually incubated in __________ conditions.
Answer
  • Light/Dark
  • Agitation
  • Aeration
  • Temperature

Question 27

Question
Label the storage methods with their general conditions/uses [blank_start]Long-term storage[blank_end] -80 degrees C (freezer) -177 degrees C (liquid nitrogen) [blank_start]Glycerol stocks[blank_end] 50% glycerol Prevents cell death [blank_start]Freeze/thaw cycles[blank_end] Cell death Scrape surface
Answer
  • Long-term storage
  • Glycerol stocks
  • Freeze/thaw cycles

Question 28

Question
Disposal of Biohazardous waste requires some preparation before disposal. Incineration is performed [blank_start]off-site[blank_end] waste conditioning, while autoclaving is performed [blank_start]on-site[blank_end].
Answer
  • off-site
  • on-site
  • on-site
  • off-site

Question 29

Question
Which the following is the BEST describes a plant tissue culture? (Choose 3)
Answer
  • The whole plant is regenerated from isolated cells or tissue
  • High regeneration frequency
  • Cells amendable to transformation
  • Low regeneration frequency
  • Cells unamendable to transformation
  • The plant is regenerated from a seed

Question 30

Question
Match the medium/ingredient with its description [blank_start]Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium[blank_end]: -plant tissue culture [blank_start]Auxins[blank_end]: -Required for Somatic embryo induction, Callus culture, & plantlet regeneration -stimulates cell division/clumping, embryoid budding/clump formation, & root initiation -ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE [blank_start]Cytokinins[blank_end]: -typically required for callus culture -sometimes promotes required for somatic embryogenesis -promotes plantlet regeneration -ABSOLUTE REQUIREMENT IN TISSUE CULTURE
Answer
  • Murashgee & Skoog (MS) Medium
  • Auxins
  • Cytokinins

Question 31

Question
[blank_start]Substantial[blank_end] amounts of reduced Nitrogen are required in tissue cultures. Organic nitrogen sources that function better at [blank_start]low[blank_end] concentrations include glutamine, glutamic acid, urea, and alanine.
Answer
  • Substantial
  • Minimal
  • low
  • high

Question 32

Question
[blank_start]Higher[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]lower[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield roots. [blank_start]Lower[blank_end] concentrations of auxins and [blank_start]higher[blank_end] concentrations of cytokinins yield shoots. Other combinations yields [blank_start]callus[blank_end].
Answer
  • Higher
  • Lower
  • lower
  • higher
  • Lower
  • Higher
  • higher
  • lower
  • callus
  • nothing
  • whole plant growth

Question 33

Question
What is centrifugation typically used for?
Answer
  • separation of particles in a solution
  • converting a substance from a solid to liquid phase
  • sanitizing a solution
  • activating a chemical reaction

Question 34

Question
Separation is based on:
Answer
  • centrifugal force applied
  • Solute-solvent interactions
  • potential energy of the solution
  • weight of the solute

Question 35

Question
Centrifugal force is expressed as...
Answer
  • multiples of gravitational force (g-force)
  • Super spy guinea pigs (g-force)
  • newtons
  • dynes

Question 36

Question
Arrange the types of centrifuges according to their use: Bigger particles (Cells) [blank_start]Low-speed[blank_end] [blank_start]Micro-centrifuge[blank_end] [blank_start]HIgh-Speed[blank_end] [blank_start]Ultra-Centrifuge[blank_end] Smaller particles (DNA/RNA)
Answer
  • Low-speed
  • Micro-centrifuge
  • HIgh-Speed
  • Ultra-Centrifuge

Question 37

Question
Which of the following centrifuges should be refrigerated? Why? (Choose 3)
Answer
  • High-Speed
  • Ultra-Centrifuge
  • The high speed of the centrifuge causes enough heat to become a hazard.
  • The types of particles that are separated using these types of centrifuge always require refrigeration
  • Micro-Centrifuge
  • Low-speed
  • The centrifuge is just too cool B-)

Question 38

Question
The motion of particles during centrifugation is calculated using ___________.
Answer
  • Stoke's equation
  • the Centrifugal Force equation
  • Barney's equation

Question 39

Question
Stoke's equation uses which of the following to calculate the motion of particles during centrifugation?
Answer
  • buoyancy
  • molecular interactions
  • all selected upon a spherical particle
  • all selected upon a liquid solvent
  • sedimentation

Question 40

Question
Select all that apply to sedimentation constants
Answer
  • constant for a given medium and particle
  • constant for only the given medium
  • constant for only the given particle
  • derived from stoke's equations
  • expressed seconds (s)
  • expressed in Svedbergs (S)
  • is related to molecular weight

Question 41

Question
1 Svedberg (S) = ______ seconds (s)
Answer
  • 10^-13
  • 10^13
  • 10^-3
  • 10^3
  • 103
  • 300

Question 42

Question
Which of the following will calculate centrifugal force?
Answer
  • RCF = (w^2)r/g
  • RCF = 11.18r/(rpm*1000)^2
  • RCF = 11.18(w^2)r/g
  • RCF = (r^2)w/g
  • RCF = (w^2)r/(rpm*1000)^2

Question 43

Question
label the abbreviations with their meaning in following equations for Centrifugal force. RCF = (w^2)r/g RCF = 11.18r/(rpm/1000)^@2 RCF = [blank_start]relative centrifugal force[blank_end] w = [blank_start]angular velocity[blank_end] g = [blank_start]gravitational force[blank_end] r = [blank_start]radial distance[blank_end] of particle from axis of rotation rpm = [blank_start]revolutions per minute[blank_end]
Answer
  • relative centrifugal force
  • revolving centrifugal force
  • angular velocity
  • centrifugal velocity
  • angular force
  • gravitational force
  • radial distance
  • radial circumference
  • revolutions per minute
  • radial force of motion

Question 44

Question
When centrifuging, equivalent masses MUST lay opposite each other in the rotor. This is more critical at lower g-forces because the lower speed allows for greater imbalance.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Why must centrifuges be balanced before use?
Answer
  • prevent "walking" centrifuges
  • prevent spindle damage
  • prevent "flying" rotors
  • Trick question: a centrifuge will auto-balance

Question 46

Question
This is a [blank_start]fixed-angle[blank_end] rotor. (Type of Separation - Efficiency) Pelleting - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end] Rate zonal - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end] Isopycnic - [blank_start]Good[blank_end]
Image:
Fixed+Rotor (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • fixed-angle
  • swinging bucket
  • vertical
  • continuous flow
  • Excellent
  • Poor
  • Good
  • Poor
  • Excellent
  • Good
  • Good
  • Excellent
  • Poor

Question 47

Question
This is a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor. (Type of separation - Efficiency) Pelleting - [blank_start]Inefficient[blank_end] Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end] Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Image:
Swinging+Rotor (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • swinging bucket
  • fixed-angle
  • vertical
  • continuous flow
  • Inefficient
  • Good
  • Adequate
  • Good
  • Inefficient
  • Adequate
  • Adequate
  • Inefficient
  • Good

Question 48

Question
This is a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor. (Type of Separation - Efficiency) Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end] Rate zonal - [blank_start]Good[blank_end] Isopycnic - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end]
Image:
Vertical+Rotor (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • vertical
  • fixed-angle
  • swinging bucket
  • continuous flow
  • Poor
  • Good
  • Excellent
  • Good
  • Excellent
  • Poor
  • Excellent
  • Poor
  • Good

Question 49

Question
This is a [blank_start]continuous flow[blank_end] rotors. (Type of separation - Efficiency) Pelleting - [blank_start]Poor[blank_end] Rate zonal - [blank_start]Excellent[blank_end] Isopycnic - [blank_start]Adequate[blank_end]
Image:
Continuous+Flow+Rotor (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • continuous flow
  • fixed-angle
  • vertical
  • swinging bucket
  • Poor
  • Excellent
  • Adequate
  • Excellent
  • Poor
  • Adequate
  • Adequate
  • Poor
  • Excellent

Question 50

Question
Centrifugal rotors are rated for [blank_start]maximum operating speed[blank_end]. The rating is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end] based on [blank_start]construction materials[blank_end] and [blank_start]design[blank_end].
Answer
  • maximum operating speed
  • size
  • average operating speed
  • user satisfaction
  • the manufacturer
  • a scientific commitee
  • construction materials
  • height
  • maximum number of samples
  • design
  • radius
  • balance

Question 51

Question
De-rating is the reduction in maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end] after a period of use. The de-rating schedule is established by [blank_start]the manufacturer[blank_end]. It prolongs the useful life of the rotor, albeit at a lower maximum operating [blank_start]speed[blank_end].
Answer
  • speed
  • time
  • frequency
  • the manufacturer
  • the user
  • a scientific committee
  • speed
  • frequency
  • time

Question 52

Question
The picture depicts [blank_start]pelleting[blank_end], which happens when using a [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor to centrifuge until the particles sediment to the bottom of the tube.
Image:
Pelleting (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • pelleting
  • rate zonal centrifugation
  • isopycnic centrifugation
  • fixed angle
  • vertical
  • swinging bucket
  • continuous flow

Question 53

Question
[blank_start]Differential pelleting[blank_end] happens after repeating centrifugation at higher RCFs. The pellets sediment to the bottom based on size and mass ([blank_start]Nuclei[blank_end] > [blank_start]Chloroplast[blank_end] > [blank_start]Mitochondria[blank_end])
Answer
  • Differential pelleting
  • Rate zonal centrifugation
  • Isopycnic centrifugation
  • pelleting
  • Nuclei
  • Chloroplast
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplast
  • Nuclei
  • Mitochondria
  • Mitochondria
  • Nuclei
  • Chloroplast

Question 54

Question
This is [blank_start]rate zonal centrifugation[blank_end], which separates particles based on mass and shape. The sample is stabilized by a [blank_start]sucrose[blank_end] gradient so that sedimentations happen in layers (sedimentation constants proportional to [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end]). A [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor is used for analytical purposes and small-scale preps, while a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is used for larger particles.
Image:
Rate+Zonal (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • rate zonal centrifugation
  • pelleting
  • differential pelleting
  • isopycnic centrifugation
  • sucrose
  • glucose
  • molecular weight
  • size
  • density
  • swinging bucket
  • vertical
  • fixed angle
  • continuous flow
  • vertical
  • fixed angle
  • swinging bucket
  • continuous flow

Question 55

Question
This is [blank_start]isopycnic centrifugation[blank_end], or equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In this kind of centrifugation, migration stops when particle [blank_start]density[blank_end] equals medium [blank_start]density[blank_end]. For this kind of centrifugation, a [blank_start]vertical[blank_end] rotor is fast and produces high resolution. A [blank_start]fixed angle[blank_end] rotor produces a high resolution, and a [blank_start]swinging bucket[blank_end] rotor has a high capacity.
Image:
Isopycnic+ (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • isopycnic centrifugation
  • pelleting
  • rate zonal centrifugation
  • differential pelleting
  • density
  • heat energy
  • density
  • heat energy
  • vertical
  • swinging bucket
  • fixed angle
  • continuous flow
  • fixed angle
  • vertical
  • swinging bucket
  • swinging bucket
  • vertical
  • fixed angle

Question 56

Question
Label as it applies to the pictured centrifugation ([blank_start]isopycnic[blank_end]): Typical gradients: [blank_start]CsCl[blank_end] (most common) [blank_start]Percoll[blank_end] (common) [blank_start]Ca2SO4[blank_end] (occasionally) Typical starting density = [blank_start]1.55[blank_end] CsCl/mL Density or buoyant density (p) in CsCl Protens = [blank_start]1.3[blank_end] dsDNA = [blank_start]1.6-1.7[blank_end] RNA = [blank_start]1.75-1.8[blank_end] p is used to separate and characterize [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] p = 1.660 + 0.098*(G + C) where (G + C) = [blank_start]mole[blank_end] fraction
Image:
Isopycnic+2 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • isopycnic
  • fixed angle
  • continuous flow
  • swinging bucket
  • CsCl
  • Percoll
  • Ca2SO4
  • Percoll
  • Ca2SO4
  • CsCl
  • Ca2SO4
  • CsCl
  • Percoll
  • 1.55
  • 1.15
  • 5.11
  • 5.51
  • 1.3
  • 1.16
  • 1.8
  • 1.6-1.7
  • 1.3-1.6
  • 1.75-1.8
  • 1.75-1.8
  • 1.3-1.6
  • 1.6-1.7
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • Chloroplasts
  • mole
  • density

Question 57

Question
In plants, G + C (the mole fraction) may be too similar to separate and characterize DNA using isopycnic centrifugation. In this case, one would have to isolate the organelles to get the DNA.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
Label with the corresponding type of gradient
Image:
Types+Of+Gradient+(Fill+In) (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Linear Gradient
  • Concave Gradient
  • Convex Gradient
  • Step Gradient

Question 59

Question
Which of the following are continuous density gradients?
Answer
  • Linear
  • Concave
  • Convex
  • Step

Question 60

Question
Which type of gradient is the most common?
Answer
  • Linear
  • Concave
  • Convex
  • Step

Question 61

Question
Which of the following would likely show a step gradient after centrifugation?
Answer
  • Cells
  • Organelles
  • Chlorophyll
  • DNA

Question 62

Question
The picture depicts a [blank_start]gradient maker[blank_end]: a [blank_start]two[blank_end]-chambered apparatus that controls the mixing of two solutions to form a gradient.
Image:
Continuous+Gradient (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • gradient maker
  • Hamilton machine
  • gradient chamber
  • two
  • three
  • four

Question 63

Question
Which of the following are self-forming gradients?
Answer
  • CsCl
  • CsSO4
  • Percoll
  • Chlorophyll
  • Hemoglobin
  • Fibrinogen

Question 64

Question
The method used to separate the supernatant from pellet with minimal cross-contamination depends on ____________.
Answer
  • the position of the pellet
  • the viscosity of the supernatant
  • the type of container used
  • the density of the supernatant
  • the molecular weight of the pellet

Question 65

Question
Which of these are methods of removing a supernatant?
Answer
  • Pour method
  • Pipet method
  • Propagation method
  • Resuspension method
  • Sedimentation method

Question 66

Question
Which of these are resuspension methods?
Answer
  • Inversion
  • Shaking
  • Vortexing
  • Pipet
  • Pour
  • Chaos

Question 67

Question
Which of these are methods of recovering bands?
Answer
  • Pipet method
  • Syringe method
  • Drip method
  • Float method
  • Pour method
  • Vortex method

Question 68

Question
One way of concentrating samples is through [blank_start]precipitation[blank_end], where one centrifuges to pellet and collects the precipitate. Then one resuspends the pellet in the buffer to the desired concentration. [blank_start]Nucleic Acids[blank_end] - Ethanol - Isopropanol [blank_start]Proteins[blank_end] - Acetone - Ammonium sulfate - Isopropanol - Trichloroacetic acid
Answer
  • precipitation
  • spin collumns
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Proteins
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids

Question 69

Question
One way of concentrating samples is [blank_start]spin columns[blank_end], where one centrifuges a tube with 2 chambers with a [blank_start]molecular weight[blank_end] cut off membrane separating the compartments. Before centrifugation, the upper chamber contains a [blank_start]dilute[blank_end] sample. The lower chamber collects the [blank_start]filtrate[blank_end] during centrifugation, while the lip surrounding the membrane collects the [blank_start]concentrated sample[blank_end] in the upper chamber.
Answer
  • spin columns
  • precipitation
  • molecular weight
  • density
  • size selection
  • filtrate
  • concentrated sample
  • concentrated sample
  • filtrate
  • dilute
  • concentrated

Question 70

Question
To recover samples from small-volume solutions, pulse-spin the tube to accumulate liquid at the ____________ of the tube.
Answer
  • top
  • bottom
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