MACRONUTRIENTS (TOPIC ONE)

Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen

Carbon, Helium, Oxygen

Monosaccharides, diasaccharides and polysaccharides

mono, dia, poly

Glactose, lactose, fructose

Glycogen, glactose, carbon

Fructose, glucose & glactose

Cellulose

Glucose

Sucrose, lactose & maltose

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine

Histidine, dextrin, pectin, helium, starch, valine, methionine, glucose and oxygen

Essential amino acids= must be included in the diet Non-essential amino acids= synthesised

Non-essential amino acids are synthesised by the body and do not need to be included in the diet, while essential amino acids are essential to be consumed as the body does not supply these.

Insoluble fibre absorbs the water and increases the bulk in the stool (soft bulky stools). Foods rich in insoluble fibre include; wholemeal bread and fibre, wholegrain cereals, pasta and brown rice.

Insoluble fibre slows down the digestion process and the absorption of CHO and so helps blood sugar levels. May reduce blood cholesterol levels and in turn reduces risk of heart disease. Foods rich in insoluble fibre include; oats, peas, beans, lentils and most types of fruits and vegetables.