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Flow of Fluids Theory

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Flow of Fluids Summary
Dodong Aleta
Quiz by Dodong Aleta, updated more than 1 year ago
Dodong Aleta
Created by Dodong Aleta over 9 years ago
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Question 1

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[blank_start]Fluids[blank_end] are substances that do not permanently resist distortion and, hence, will change their shape.
Answer
  • Fluids

Question 2

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[blank_start]Incompressible[blank_end] fluids are those that are inappreciably affected by changes in pressure, e.g. most liquids.
Answer
  • Incompressible

Question 3

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[blank_start]Compressible[blank_end] fluids are those that are appreciably affected by changes in pressure, e.g. most gases.
Answer
  • Compressible

Question 4

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[blank_start]Fluid statics[blank_end] is the branch of momentum transfer concerned with fluids at rest.
Answer
  • Fluid statics

Question 5

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[blank_start]Fluid dynamics[blank_end] is the branch of momentum transfer concerned with fluids in motion.
Answer
  • Fluid dynamics

Question 6

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[blank_start]Newton’s Law of Viscosity[blank_end] roughly states that there is a linear relation between shear stress and rate of shear, and that the proportionality constant is the viscosity.
Answer
  • Newton’s Law of Viscosity

Question 7

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[blank_start]Kinematic viscosity[blank_end] is the ratio of viscosity to density.
Answer
  • Kinematic viscosity

Question 8

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[blank_start]Newtonian[blank_end] fluids are those that obey Newton’s Law of Viscosity, i.e. have constant viscosities.
Answer
  • Newtonian

Question 9

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[blank_start]Non-Newtonian[blank_end] fluids are those having viscosities as a function of shear rate.
Answer
  • Non-Newtonian

Question 10

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Gases and low molecular weight liquids are generally [blank_start]Newtonian[blank_end] fluids.
Answer
  • Newtonian

Question 11

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[blank_start]Laminar[blank_end] flow is the type of flow at low velocities where the layers of fluid seem to slide by one another without eddies or swirls being present.
Answer
  • Laminar

Question 12

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[blank_start]Turbulent[blank_end] flow is the type of flow at higher velocities where eddies are present giving the fluid a fluctuating nature.
Answer
  • Turbulent

Question 13

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The [blank_start]Reynold’s Number[blank_end] is the ratio of the kinetic or inertial forces and viscous forces.
Answer
  • Reynold’s Number

Question 14

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For a straight circular pipe, values less than [blank_start]2100[blank_end] indicates laminar flow, and above [blank_start]4000[blank_end] indicates turbulent flow.
Answer
  • 2100
  • 4000

Question 15

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Frictional losses in the entrance region are [blank_start]larger[blank_end] than those of the same length of fully developed flow.
Answer
  • larger

Question 16

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[blank_start]Mach[blank_end] number is the ratio of the fluid velocity to the speed of sound or acoustic velocity.
Answer
  • Mach

Question 17

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For Mach number greater than 1, flow is [blank_start]supersonic[blank_end]. If equal to 1, flow is [blank_start]critical or sonic[blank_end] and the velocity equals the local speed of sound. If less than 1, flow is [blank_start]subsonic[blank_end].
Answer
  • supersonic

Question 18

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The ratio of heat capacities for air is typically [blank_start]1.4[blank_end].
Answer
  • 1.4

Question 19

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[blank_start]Venturi[blank_end] meters are often used to measure flows in large lines, such as city water systems. For ordinary industrial installations, they are relatively expensive and takes considerable amount of space. The [blank_start]orifice[blank_end] meter overcomes the disadvantages of this meter but in exchange for a much larger head or power loss.
Answer
  • Venturi
  • orifice

Question 20

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For incompressible fluids, the compressibility factor, Y is essentially equal to [blank_start]1[blank_end].
Answer
  • 1

Question 21

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Generally, the word “[blank_start]pump[blank_end]” designates a machine or device for moving an incompressible fluid.
Answer
  • pump

Question 22

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These are devices for moving gas (usually air).
Answer
  • Fans
  • Blowers
  • Compressors
  • Pumps

Question 23

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[blank_start]Fans[blank_end] discharge large volumes of gas at low pressures of the order several hundred mm of water.
Answer
  • Fans

Question 24

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[blank_start]Blowers[blank_end] and [blank_start]compressors[blank_end] discharge gases at higher pressures.
Answer
  • Blowers

Question 25

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In pumps and fans, the pressure of the fluid does not change appreciably, and [blank_start]incompressible[blank_end] flow can be assumed.
Answer
  • incompressible

Question 26

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If the pressure on the liquid in the suction line drops to the vapor pressure, some of the liquid flashes into vapor. This is called [blank_start]cavitation[blank_end].
Answer
  • cavitation

Question 27

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The [blank_start]reciprocating[blank_end] and [blank_start]rotary[blank_end] pumps can be used to very high pressures, whereas [blank_start]centrifugal[blank_end] pumps are limited in their head and are used for low pressures.
Answer
  • reciprocating
  • rotary
  • centrifugal

Question 28

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In general, in chemical and biological processing plants, [blank_start]centrifugal[blank_end] pumps are primarily used.
Answer
  • centrifugal

Question 29

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The most common method of moving small volumes of gas at low pressures is by means of [blank_start]fans[blank_end].
Answer
  • fans

Question 30

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[blank_start]Incompressible flow[blank_end] theory can be used to calculate the power of fans.
Answer
  • Incompressible flow

Question 31

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Non-Newtonian fluids can be divided into two broad categories on the basis of their shear stress/shear rate behavior: • Shear stress is independent on time or duration of shear ([blank_start]time-independent[blank_end]) • Shear stress is dependent on time or duration of shear ([blank_start]time-dependent[blank_end])
Answer
  • time-independent
  • time-dependent

Question 32

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These are the simplest because they differ from Newtonian fluids only in that their linear relationship does not go through the origin. Examples: peat slurries, margarine, chocolate mixtures, grease, soap, grain-water suspensions, toothpaste, paper pulp, and sewage sludge
Answer
  • Bingham Plastic Fluids
  • Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning Fluids
  • Dilatant or Shear-thickening Fluids
  • Thixotropic Fluids
  • Rheopectic Fluids

Question 33

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The majority of non-Newtonian fluids are in this category. The apparent viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Examples: polymer solutions, greases, starch suspensions, mayonnaise, biological fluids, detergent slurries, and paints.
Answer
  • Bingham Plastic Fluids
  • Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning Fluids
  • Dilatant or Shear-thickening Fluids
  • Thixotropic Fluids
  • Rheopectic Fluids

Question 34

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These fluids are far less common than pseudoplastics. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing shear rate. Examples: corn flour-sugar solutions, wet beach sand, starch in water, potassium silicate in water, and some solutions containing high concentrations of powder in water.
Answer
  • Bingham Plastic Fluids
  • Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning Fluids
  • Dilatant or Shear-thickening Fluids
  • Thixotropic Fluids
  • Rheopectic Fluids

Question 35

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These fluids exhibit a reversible decrease in shear stress with time at a constant rate of shear.
Answer
  • Bingham Plastic Fluids
  • Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning Fluids
  • Dilatant or Shear-thickening Fluids
  • Thixotropic Fluids
  • Rheopectic Fluids

Question 36

Question
These fluids exhibit a reversible increase in shear stress with time at a constant rate of shear.
Answer
  • Bingham Plastic Fluids
  • Pseudoplastic or Shear-thinning Fluids
  • Dilatant or Shear-thickening Fluids
  • Thixotropic Fluids
  • Rheopectic Fluids
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