Government Chapters 5-8 Review Questions

Question 1

Question

The idea that individuals are protected from discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, religion, and sex is called

Answer

civil liberties.
civil rights.
natural rights.
unalienable rights.

Question 2

Question

Individual attributes such as race, national origin, religion, and sex are called

Answer

unalienable rights.
inherent characteristics.
indiscriminatory qualities.
civil rights categories.

Question 3

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Laws that required the strict separation of racial groups, with whites and “nonwhites” attending separate schools, working in different jobs, and using segregated public accommodations such as transportation and restaurants are called

Answer

Fred Samuels laws.
Sally Hemmings laws.
Jim Crow laws.
Abraham Lincoln laws.

Question 4

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An election in which a party’s nominees were chosen but in which only white people were allowed to vote is called

Answer

a general election.
a run-off primary.
an uncontested primary.
a white primary.

Question 5

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A mechanism that exempted individuals from conditions on voting (such as poll taxes or literacy tests) if they or their ancestors had been eligible to vote before 1870 is called

Answer

a poll tax.
a white primary.
the grandfather clause.
a literacy test.

Question 6

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Unlike sex-based discrimination, race-based discrimination must pass the

Answer

heightened scrutiny test.
ordinary scrutiny test.
strict scrutiny test.
ultimate scrutiny test.

Question 7

Question

Initially the courts interpreted which amendment in such a way that women were told they were citizens but that they had no constitutional right to vote?

Answer

Thirteenth Amendment
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment

Question 8

Question

What right does Title IX protect for women?

Answer

equal access to credit
equal access to educational opportunities
equal access to employment opportunities
suffrage

Question 9

Question

In what decade was the ERA ratified and added to the U.S. Constitution?

Answer

1920s
1970s
1980s
It has not been ratified and added to the U.S. Constitution.

Question 10

Question

Today, citizens of what descent experience the highest educational and income level compared with the nation as a whole?

Answer

African
Asian
Mexican
Native American

Question 11

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[blank_start]___________[blank_end] was the period between 1866 and 1877 when the institutions and infrastructure of the South were rebuilt after the Civil War.

Answer

Reconstruction

Question 12

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The legal right to bring lawsuits in court is called [blank_start]__________[blank_end].

Answer

standing to sue

Question 13

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To pass the strict scrutiny test, differential treatment must be [blank_start]_____________[blank_end]for the government to achieve a [blank_start]_____________[blank_end] public interest.

Answer

necessary
compelling

Question 14

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During World War II, the federal government relocated citizens of [blank_start]__________[blank_end] descent to internment camps.

Answer

Japanese

Question 15

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The ADA is the [blank_start]____________[blank_end].

Answer

Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 16

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The public’s expressed views about an issue at a specific point in time are called

Answer

public opinion.
time frame analysis.
time tracked sample.
stratified sample.

Question 17

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Agents of socialization do not include

Answer

pets.
peers.
churches.
the media.

Question 18

Question

A majority of which of the following demographic groups did not support Barack Obama’s candidacy for the presidency?

Answer

Latinos
women
whites
Asians

Question 19

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The influence of an important external event in shaping the views of a generation is called

Answer

a. the age-cohort effect.
b. the generational effect.
c. the lifetime effect.
d. both (a) and (b).

Question 20

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5. A poll conducted in an unscientific manner, used to predict election outcomes, is called

Answer

a. an exit poll.
b. a tracking poll.
c. a push poll.
d. a straw poll.

Question 21

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6. In a poll, the group of people whose opinions are of interest and/or about whom information is desired is called the

Answer

a. quota sample.
b. target sample.
c. population.
d. bull’s-eye group.

Question 22

Question

7. A method by which pollsters structure a sample so that it is representative of the characteristics of the target population is called a

Answer

a. quota sample.
b. target sample.
c. population.
d. bull’s-eye group.

Question 23

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8. Polls that measure changes in public opinion over the course of days, weeks, or months by repeatedly asking respondents the same questions and measuring changes in their responses are called

Answer

a. exit polls.
b. tracking polls.
c. push polls.
d. straw polls.

Question 24

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9. A special type of poll that both provides information to campaigns about candidate strengths and weaknesses and attempts to skew public opinion about a candidate is called

Answer

a. an exit poll.
b. a tracking poll.
c. a push poll.
d. a straw poll.

Question 25

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10. Polls conducted at polling places on Election Day to determine the winner of an election before the polls close are called

Answer

a. exit polls.
b. tracking polls.
c. push polls.
d. straw polls.

Question 26

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11. The process by which we develop our political values and opinions throughout our lives is called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

political socialization

Question 27

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12. The measurable difference in the way women and men vote for candidates and in the way they view political issues is called the [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

gender gap

Question 28

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13. A survey of a given population’s opinion on an issue or a candidate at a particular point in time is called a [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

public opinion poll

Question 29

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14. A scientific method of selection for a poll in which each member of the population has an equal chance at being included in the sample is called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

random sampling

Question 30

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15. A process of random sampling in which the national population is divided into fourths and certain areas within these regions are selected as representative of the national population is called [blank_start]_________[blank_end] .

Answer

stratified sampling

Question 31

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1. The idea that a group of wealthy, educated individuals wields most political power is called

Answer

a. pluralist theory.
b. elite theory.
c. rational choice theory.
d. democratic theory.

Question 32

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2. The motivation to join an interest group based on a belief in the group’s cause from an ideological standpoint is called a(n)

Answer

a. solidary incentive.
b. purposive incentive.
c. economic incentive.
d. organizational incentive.

Question 33

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3. A restaurant owner who joins a trade association interest group because it advocates for wage policies that would benefit the business is an example of someone motivated by

Answer

a. solidary incentives.
b. purposive incentives.
c. economic incentives.
d. organizational incentives.

Question 34

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4. A group that raises and spends money to influence the outcome of an election is called

Answer

a. an interest group.
b. a bundling organization.
c. a political action committee.
d. a social compact.

Question 35

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5. The phenomenon of someone deriving benefit from others’ actions is called

Answer

a. the problem of collective action.
b. the bundling problem.
c. the free rider problem.
d. the slacker problem.

Question 36

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6. A direct strategy to advance the interest of an interest group is

Answer

a. lobbying.
b. public outreach.
c. electioneering.
d. contributing to political parties.

Question 37

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7. The fluid web of connections among those concerned about a policy and those who create and administer the policy is called

Answer

a. a political action committee.
b. a congressional quorum.
c. an issue network.
d. a social network.

Question 38

Question

8. The interaction of mutual interests among members of Congress, executive agencies, and organized interests during policy making is called

Answer

a. a social network.
b. an iron triangle.
c. a square cube.
d. an issue network.

Question 39

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9. The practice of using public outreach to build a favorable public opinion of the organization is called

Answer

a. climate control.
b. interest outreach.
c. agenda setting.
d. maximizing spin.

Question 40

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10. Working to influence the election of candidates who support the organization’s issues is called

Answer

a. interest group bias.
b. incumbency advantage.
c. agenda setting.
d. electioneering.

Question 41

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11. To social scientists, the ways in which our lives are improved by social connections is called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

social capital

Question 42

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12. The motivation to join an interest group based on the companionship and the satisfaction derived from socializing with others is called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

solidary incentives

Question 43

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13. A group that represents collective groups of industries or corporations is called a(n) [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

umbrella organization

Question 44

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14. Outcomes shared by the general public are called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

collective goods

Question 45

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15. The idea that it is not economically rational for people to participate in collective action when the resultant collective good could be realized without participating is the essence of [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

rational choice theory

Question 46

Question

1. The formal statement of a party’s principles and policy objectives is called a

Answer

a. policy memo.
b. policy manifesto.
c. platform.
d. mission statement.

Question 47

Question

2. Individuals who identify with or tend to support a party are called the

Answer

a. the party in the electorate.
b. the party organization.
c. the party in government.
d. responsible party members.

Question 48

Question

3. The formal party apparatus, including committees, party leaders, conventions, and workers, is called

Answer

a. the party in the electorate.
b. the party organization.
c. the party in government.
d. responsible party members.

Question 49

Question

4. The situation that exists when Congress is controlled by one party and the presidency by the other is called

Answer

a. party disorganization.
b. bipartisan camaraderie.
c. divided government.
d. executive/legislative split.

Question 50

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5. A philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elites is called

Answer

a. libertarianism.
b. conservatism.
c. New Deal philosophy.
d. populism.

Question 51

Question

6. A significant shift in party allegiances or electoral support is called

Answer

a. populism.
b. dealignment.
c. realignment.
d. disalignment.

Question 52

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7. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s broad social welfare program in which the government would bear the responsibility of providing a safety net to protect the weakest members of society was called

Answer

a. the New Deal.
b. the Grand Formula.
c. the War on Poverty.
d. the Social Contract.

Question 53

Question

8. The situation in which voters vote for candidates from more than one party is called

Answer

a. populism.
b. dealignment.
c. realignment.
d. ticket splitting.

Question 54

Question

9. An election structure in which political parties win the number of parliamentary seats equal to the percentage of the vote the party receives is called

Answer

a. a first-past-the-post system.
b. a winner-take-all system.
c. a proportional representation system.
d. a two-party system.

Question 55

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10. An election in which voters choose the party’s candidates who will run in the later general election is called a

Answer

a. primary election.
b. recall election.
c. general election.
d. referendum election.

Question 56

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11. A new, grassroots, conservative protest movement that opposed recent government actions, including economic stimulus spending and health care reform, is called the [blank_start]_________.[blank_end]

Answer

Tea Party movement

Question 57

Question

12. Political scientists’ view that a function of a party is to offer a clear choice to voters by establishing priorities or policy stances that differ from those of rival parties is called the [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

responsible party model

Question 58

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13. The role that the party out of power plays, highlighting its objections to policies and priorities of the government in power, is called the [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

loyal opposition

Question 59

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14. Organizations that candidates form to support their individual election are called [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

candidate committees

Question 60

Question

15. A campaign in which an individual seeking election, rather than an entire party slate, is the focus in a [blank_start]_________[blank_end].

Answer

candidate centered campaign

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Government Chapters 5-8 Review Questions

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Question 60

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