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Nursing Quiz on MSC Quiz, created by Lauren Holland on 27/02/2023.
Lauren Holland
Quiz by Lauren Holland, updated more than 1 year ago
Lauren Holland
Created by Lauren Holland over 1 year ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron via which process?
Answer
  • Synthesis of glucose channels
  • Increasing the flow of filtrate
  • Upregulation of epithelial sodium channels
  • Excretion of water

Question 2

Question
Which of the following produce antibodies
Answer
  • Erythrocytes
  • T lymphocytes
  • B lymphocytes
  • Thrombocytes

Question 3

Question
which of the following provides the correct definition of cor pulmonale
Answer
  • abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of diesease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
  • abnormal enlaregemnt of the left side of the heart as a resukt of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
  • abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a resukt of an increase in systemic afterload
  • abnormal enlargement of the left side of the heart as a result of an increase in right sided afterload

Question 4

Question
During myocyte depolarisation this outside of the cell become:
Answer
  • positive
  • negative
  • stays the same
  • become hyperpolerized

Question 5

Question
What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump?
Answer
  • breakdown of ATP
  • formation of ATP
  • transport of ATP by the pump
  • breakdown of GTP

Question 6

Question
which of the following is true?
Answer
  • In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction increases
  • In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction stays the same
  • In systolic heart failure the heart’s ejection fraction decreases
  • In diastolic heart failure the ejection fraction increases

Question 7

Question
During myocardial diastole the sodium / potassium pump:
Answer
  • Pumps out 3 sodium ion and pump in 2 potassium ions
  • Pumps out 6 sodium ions and pumps in 4 potassium ions
  • Pumps in 3 sodium ions and pumps out 2 potassium ions
  • Pumps in 6 sodium ions and pumps out 4 potassium ions

Question 8

Question
Which of the following types of emphysema is most commonly associated with smoking and chronic bronchitis
Answer
  • Paraseptal
  • Panacinar
  • Centriacinar
  • Irregular

Question 9

Question
Haemoglobin
Answer
  • is composed of four identical subunits
  • has iron at the centre of haem groups which must be in the ferrous form to bind O2
  • binding of oxygen is reduced in the presence of high Pco2 because CO2 and O2 compete for the same binding sites on haemoglobin
  • variants (such as fetal haemoglobin) often differ from normal adult haemoglobin in the precise structure of the haem group.

Question 10

Question
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer
  • Acetylcholine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Vasopressin
  • Enoximone

Question 11

Question
The alveolar pores that enable collateral ventilation are called:
Answer
  • Pores of Oddi
  • Pores of Kohn
  • Pores of Dalton
  • Pores of Boyles

Question 12

Question
Peripheral chemoreceptors are highly responsive to:
Answer
  • Dysponea
  • Coughing
  • Hypoxemia
  • Breath holding

Question 13

Question
Aspirin is given in the treatment of myocardial infarction in order to prevent platelet aggregation. Which of the following effects means it is useful in this situation?
Answer
  • Inhibition of actin myosin filaments in platelets
  • Inhibition of thromboxane A2
  • Inhibition of collagen
  • Inhibition of calcium

Question 14

Question
During myocyte (heart cell) depolarisation, the inside of the cell becomes momentarily:
Answer
  • positive
  • negative
  • electrically neutral
  • unchanged

Question 15

Question
The Law stating that the more the ventricle is filled with blood during diastole (end-diastolic volume), the greater the volume of ejected blood will be during the resulting systolic contraction (stroke volume) is the:
Answer
  • Frank-Starling’s Law
  • Cushing’s Law
  • Virchow’s triad Law
  • Best-Banting Law

Question 16

Question
The anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrates results in the production of:
Answer
  • Citric acids
  • keto acids
  • lactic acid
  • hydrochloric acid

Question 17

Question
Flattened T waves on an ECG can signify:
Answer
  • 1st Degree heart block
  • Hyperkaleamia
  • Hypokaleamia
  • Atrial fibrillation

Question 18

Question
The diuretic Spironolactone interferes with the action of which endogenous hormone?
Answer
  • Vasopressin
  • Renin
  • Aldosterone
  • Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 19

Question
During acidosis the pH scale moves
Answer
  • up
  • down
  • stays the same
  • moves to one

Question 20

Question
A disease caused by the demyelination of the oligodendrocytes
Answer
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Multiple sclerosis
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Parkinson’s disease

Question 21

Question
Intra-plural pressure is:
Answer
  • positive
  • negative
  • the same as atmospheric pressure
  • higher than atmospheric pressure

Question 22

Question
Concerning fats, when triglyceride molecules contain only single carbon bonds (c-c-c) these are referred to as:
Answer
  • Poly unsaturated fats
  • saturated fats
  • Hyper-carbonated fats
  • Mono unsaturated

Question 23

Question
With a nasal cannula in-situ @ 2L O2 what % increase in FiO2 will there be
Answer
  • 21 %
  • 50%
  • 100%
  • 31%

Question 24

Question
Which of the following is a restrictive lung disease:
Answer
  • Asthma
  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Emphysema
  • Chronic bronchitis

Question 25

Question
Heart failure results in which of the following type of hypoxia
Answer
  • Anaemic hypoxia
  • Histo-toxic
  • Hypoxic
  • Stagnant

Question 26

Question
Type II pneumocytes in the lung are the major source of
Answer
  • IgG
  • cytokines
  • oxygen
  • surfactant proteins (SP)

Question 27

Question
A reduction in lung compliance would lead to a
Answer
  • Obstructive lung disease
  • Type II respiratory failure
  • Restrictive lung disease
  • Hypercapnic lung disease

Question 28

Question
Which lung volume would (usually) be reduced in restrictive lung disease
Answer
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Function residual capacity
  • Residual volume reserve
  • Expiratory reserve volume

Question 29

Question
If the fraction of an inspired gas was .35 what would its partial pressure be at 1ATM
Answer
  • 210mmHg
  • 160mmHg
  • 350mmHg
  • 266mmHg

Question 30

Question
E = P + pgh + ½ PV2 which, if we remove gravity, reads as E = P + ½ PV2. Or, more simply, the faster the flow, the lower the pressure is which theorem
Answer
  • Venturi’s
  • Dalton’s
  • Bernoulli’s
  • Charles’s

Question 31

Question
Hypocalcaemia caused by hyperventilation results in which of the following signs
Answer
  • Dahl’s sign
  • Palmar erythema
  • Trousseau sign
  • Schamroth's sign

Question 32

Question
Replacing inspired air with a gas mixture that contains 60% oxygen
Answer
  • causes a large increase in oxygen content with little increase in oxygen saturation in a healthy person at high altitude
  • causes a large increase in arterial PaO2 and a small increase in oxygen content in a healthy person at sea level
  • would greatly enhance the exercise tolerance of a patient COPD
  • would greatly reduce the oxygen delivery problems of a patient in circulatory shock

Question 33

Question
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by
Answer
  • Adrenal glands
  • Kidneys
  • Pineal gland
  • Hypothalamus

Question 34

Question
Macula densa cells help regulate blood pressure by detecting changes to
Answer
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • oxygen
  • calcium

Question 35

Question
Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle?
Answer
  • Connecting tubule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
  • Distal convoluted tubule

Question 36

Question
The gene responsible for causing Duchenne muscular dystrophy is found on
Answer
  • Y chromosome
  • X chromosome
  • Autosomal chromosome number 8
  • Autosomal chromosome number 5

Question 37

Question
Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
Answer
  • Adrenaline
  • Acetylcholine
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin

Question 38

Question
Which of the following heart layers secretes pericardial fluid?
Answer
  • Myocardium
  • Endocardium
  • Serous pericardium
  • Fibbrous pericardium

Question 39

Question
The Haldane effect states that
Answer
  • for any given Pco2 less CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood
  • an increase in Pco2 shifts the O2 dissociation curve to the left
  • an increase in Pco2 reduces the amount of haemoglobin in the red cell.
  • for any given Pco2 more CO2 is carried by oxygenated blood

Question 40

Question
Ventilation is NOT increased by
Answer
  • decreased Po2 at the central chemoreceptor
  • increased Paco2
  • decreased CSF pH
  • decreased arterial pH

Question 41

Question
The amount of a gas dissolved in a solution as a result of partial pressure is which of the following gas laws
Answer
  • dalton
  • henrys
  • charles
  • boyles

Question 42

Question
How is the ejection fraction worked-out
Answer
  • SV/EDV x 100
  • EDVEDV/SV x 100
  • RVEDV x EDV x 100
  • EDV/100 x 60

Question 43

Question
The layer of blood close to the walls of lung capillaries is known as the
Answer
  • RBC layer
  • Tissue barrier layer
  • Alveolar fluid layer
  • plasma layer

Question 44

Question
A pulmonary embolism would result in
Answer
  • Intrapulmonary shunting
  • decrease in dead space
  • increase in dead space
  • increase in lung surface area

Question 45

Question
The rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight - is a definition of which of the following gas laws
Answer
  • ficks law
  • daltons law
  • grahams law
  • chales law

Question 46

Question
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the:
Answer
  • lungs
  • nephron
  • pancreas
  • bowman's capsule

Question 47

Question
Hydrostatic pressure at the venule end of a capillary is usually (approximately)
Answer
  • 25mmHg (3.3kPa)
  • 32mmHhg (4.2kPa)
  • 80mmHg (10.6kPa)
  • 12mmhg (1.6Pa)

Question 48

Question
A symptom seen in the patient with Keto-acidosis
Answer
  • Bradycardia
  • Keto-alkalosis
  • kussmaul respiration
  • Bradyapnoea

Question 49

Question
During DKA sodium bicarbonate levels are:
Answer
  • raised
  • lowered
  • absent
  • normal

Question 50

Question
Which of the following will increase the stroke volume:
Answer
  • Decreased venous return
  • Increased afterload
  • Decreased preload
  • Increased venous return

Question 51

Question
The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following
Answer
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood temperature
  • Blood acid base balance
  • Blood solute concentrations

Question 52

Question
Angiotensin II exerts its action by binding to various receptors throughout the body. In response to angiotensin II, the adrenal cortex is stimulated to release
Answer
  • Adrenaline
  • Angiotensin I
  • Angiotensin ll
  • Aldosterone

Question 53

Question
Most of the glucose that is filtered through the glomerulus undergoes reabsorption in the
Answer
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Distal tubule
  • Descending loop of Henle
  • Assessing limb loop of Henle

Question 54

Question
Which is not a function of angiotensin ll
Answer
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Inhibition of ADH
  • Reabsorption of sodium
  • Stimulation of aldosterone secretion

Question 55

Question
Which is not a sign of renal cell carcinoma
Answer
  • Flank pain
  • Flank mass
  • Heamaturia
  • Cullen's sign

Question 56

Question
Aldosterone stimulates the reabsorption of water in the nephron via which process
Answer
  • Synthesis of glucose channels
  • Increasing the flow of filtrate
  • Excretion of water
  • Upregulation of epithelial sodium channels

Question 57

Question
The majority of carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported
Answer
  • As hydrogen and bicarb ions
  • Bound to haemoglobin
  • As an alkaline
  • Bound to intercellular albumin

Question 58

Question
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is
Answer
  • An inherited disorder characterized by the formation of tumours
  • An autoimmune disease
  • An infectious disease
  • A condition only seen within the renal architecture

Question 59

Question
4)The first stage of the RAAS is the release of angiotensinogen, which is produced (primarily)
Answer
  • Carotid arch
  • Brain
  • Lungs
  • Liver

Question 60

Question
Insufficiency of ADH is a condition called
Answer
  • Addison's disease
  • Renal disease
  • Cushing's disease
  • Diabetes insipidus

Question 61

Question
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by
Answer
  • Kidneys
  • Adrenal glands
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pineal gland

Question 62

Question
In the adult the majority
Answer
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils

Question 63

Question
Macula densa cells are chemoreceptors found in the
Answer
  • Distal tubule
  • Proximal tubule
  • Descending loop of Henle
  • Ascending loop of Henle

Question 64

Question
The amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing is
Answer
  • Vital capacity
  • Tidal volume
  • Residual vohimo
  • Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 65

Question
increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide favours oxygen dissociation from oxyHb. The effect is known as
Answer
  • The Nernst effect
  • The Bohr effect
  • Henderson effect
  • Dalton effect

Question 66

Question
The Hering-Breuer reflex
Answer
  • Inhibits expiration
  • prolongs inspiration time
  • Shortens inspiration time
  • Is initiated by expiration

Question 67

Question
Which definition best suits the term 'inflammation' in relation to asthma
Answer
  • Inflammation is caused by infectious agents in asthma, and is mediated by antiproteases
  • Inflammation is associated with airway remodelling in asthma. Inflammation is triggered by a stimulus, and causes epithelial injury, among other things
  • Mast cells can help to reduce inflammation by releasing histamine and preventing further lung damage
  • Inflammation is caused by airway remodelling in asthma.

Question 68

Question
Interstitial fluid enters capillaries at the venular end through the action of
Answer
  • Negative pressure
  • Colloid osmotic pressure
  • Active transport
  • Capillary co-transport

Question 69

Question
What are the classic signs of a cardiac tamponade
Answer
  • Tachycardia, dyspnoea, fever
  • Bradycardia, arm weakness, diaphoresis
  • Hypertension, palpitations, chest pain
  • Hypotension, increased jugular venous distention, muffled heart sounds

Question 70

Question
The term 'ectopic pacemaker' (or ectopic focus)
Answer
  • An ectopic arrythmia due to hyponatraemia
  • Any cardiac dysrhythmia
  • A shift of the pacemaker function of the SA node to another part of the heart
  • An arrythmia due to hyper

Question 71

Question
In cor pulmonale the
Answer
  • the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases
  • the mean arterial pressure decreases
  • the mean pulmo
  • the mean pulmonary arterial pressure is 10mmhg

Question 72

Question
a person who smoked 20 cigarettes a day for 30 years has a pack years of
Answer
  • 20
  • 30
  • 40
  • 25

Question 73

Question
which of the following types of emphysema is most commonly asscoiated with smoking and chronic bronchitis
Answer
  • paraseptal
  • panacinar
  • centaicinar
  • irregular

Question 74

Question
a patients blood gas analysis shows that both their Paco2 and bicarbnate concentration are increased above normal by 25% what does this mean ?
Answer
  • They are excercising and so producing more CO2
  • The arterial Ph is unchanged
  • They are likely to have renal damage
  • They are likely to be polycythaemic

Question 75

Question
Which of the following is not normally associated with chironic bronchitis
Answer
  • CO2 retention
  • less than 15% increase in FeV1 following treatment with a bronchodilator or steroids
  • Polycythemia
  • Increased total lung capacity

Question 76

Question
Urine is formed in a three step process, which of the follwoing gives the correct order in which these steps take place in the nephron
Answer
  • Tubular secretion, tubular re-absorption, glomerular filtration
  • Tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration
  • Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
  • glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption

Question 77

Question
Which of the following is least likely to be present in the gfiltrate, (the filtrate produced by the nephron before it enters the loop of henle) of a healthy adult nnephron
Answer
  • Amino acids
  • Glucose
  • electrolytes
  • Large molecular weight proteins

Question 78

Question
Which of the following is not a function of aldosterone
Answer
  • Stimulates the secretion of K+ into the tubular lumen
  • Stimulates Na+ and water reabsorption
  • Upregulates epithelial sodium channels
  • Causes vasodilation

Question 79

Question
Which of the following produces surfactant
Answer
  • Type 1 pneumocytes
  • Type 2 pneumocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann cells

Question 80

Question
Which of the following is NOT a restrictive lung disease
Answer
  • pneumoconiosis
  • Silcosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Asthma

Question 81

Question
The enzyme that assists rapid inter conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid is
Answer
  • Amylase
  • Lipase
  • Trypsin
  • Carbonic anhydrase

Question 82

Question
The (normal) intra-venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide is
Answer
  • 40 mmHg
  • 55mmHg
  • 46mmHg
  • 35mmHg

Question 83

Question
Which of the following is NOT found in the service side of type 1 pneumocytes
Answer
  • nerve endings
  • macrophages
  • Collagen
  • Surfactant

Question 84

Question
Within the cerebral spinal space and the CSF what regulates ventilation
Answer
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbonic anhydrase
  • Hydrogen ions
  • carbonic acid

Question 85

Question
Carbon dioxide is how many times more soluble than oxygen
Answer
  • 10 times
  • 20 times
  • 100 times
  • 40 times

Question 86

Question
With a nasal cannula, we assume that the fraction of O2 that is inspired (above the normal atmospheric level) increases by how much for every additional litre of oxygen flow administered
Answer
  • 10 percentage points
  • 100 percentage points
  • 4 percentage points
  • 21 percentage points

Question 87

Question
Which of the following does NOT contribute to maintaining osmotic pressure
Answer
  • Sodium
  • Glucose
  • Albumin
  • Calcium

Question 88

Question
A respiratory acidosis moves the O2 curve and the PH respectfully
Answer
  • Right/down
  • Left/up
  • Right/up
  • left/down

Question 89

Question
the protein whose production gets affected in Duchenne muscukar dystrophy is
Answer
  • actin
  • myotropin
  • dystropin
  • leucovorin

Question 90

Question
Duchenne muscular dystrophy can be cured with
Answer
  • allopurinol
  • creatinine phosphokinase inhibitors
  • corticosteroids
  • none of these

Question 91

Question
The involvement of this muscle affects the breathing in duchenne muscular dystrophy
Answer
  • triceps
  • biceps
  • diaphragm
  • quadriceps

Question 92

Question
Which of the following represents one of the most recent developments in the treatment of MD
Answer
  • replacing muscles
  • create customised diets for them to be healthier and stronger
  • attempting to correct defective genes so it creates the right proteins
  • none of these

Question 93

Question
SLUDGE syndrome stands for which of the following
Answer
  • Salvation, lacrimation, urination, defacation, gastrointestinal symptoms and emesis
  • sodium retention, lactic acidosis, urine retention, deafness, gastrointestinal bleeding and episodes of dizzines
  • Scoliosis, limited movement, urinary failure, decay, gastrointestinal ulceration, and epilepsy
  • sepsis, lymphedema, ulceration, diabetes, genital warts and Ecoli infection

Question 94

Question
Which portion of the heart is the base and which sis the apex
Answer
  • Two thirds apex and one third base
  • one third base, two thirds apex
  • one half base, one half apex
  • three quaters base and one quater apex

Question 95

Question
Which of the following factors increase cardiac output
Answer
  • Increased sympathetic activity
  • Increased end diastolic volume
  • increased venous return
  • all of the above

Question 96

Question
Where is the stethoscope (best) placed to auscultate the mitral valve
Answer
  • 5th intercostal space at sternum
  • 5th intercostal space inferior to left nipple
  • 2nd intercostal space left of sternum
  • 2nd intercostal space right of sternum

Question 97

Question
On the ECG the short flat segment between the S and T waves represents the refractory state of the
Answer
  • Atrial myocardium
  • AV node
  • SA node
  • Ventricular myocardium

Question 98

Question
Considering cardiac tamponade - the heart is covered by
Answer
  • pericardium
  • endocardium
  • epicardium
  • supracradium

Question 99

Question
Which of the following is isotonic
Answer
  • 0.9% saline
  • water
  • 5% dextrose
  • Lucozade

Question 100

Question
Fenestrated capillaries are found in the
Answer
  • muscles
  • adipose tissue
  • central nervous system
  • intestines

Question 101

Question
Which of the following would be the best initial management of an acute cardiac tamponade
Answer
  • Intravenous fluids
  • Percardiocentesis
  • Intravenous beta blockers
  • coronary angioplasty

Question 102

Question
which of the following is not a structure of the respiratory system
Answer
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • bronchus
  • hyoid

Question 103

Question
the roof of the nasal cavity is formed primarily by the
Answer
  • cribriform plate
  • hard palate
  • superior concha
  • sphenoid

Question 104

Question
in the blood most of the carbon doixide is transported as
Answer
  • carboxyhaemoglobin
  • dissolved carbon dioxide
  • as free hydrogen
  • as bicarbonate

Question 105

Question
peripheral chemoreceptors are located in
Answer
  • lung tissue
  • pons and medulla
  • aortic & carotid bodies
  • renal arch

Question 106

Question
Factors determining the extent to which oxygen will combine with haemoglobin include
Answer
  • partial pressure oxygen
  • blood temperature
  • blood PH
  • all of the above

Question 107

Question
expectorate in uncomplicated asthma has a high level of
Answer
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • red blood cells
  • IgD

Question 108

Question
Which of the following is not a classic clinical characteristic of asthma
Answer
  • dyspnoea
  • wheeze
  • cough
  • Increased FEV1

Question 109

Question
In the adult the majority of leukocytes are
Answer
  • basophils
  • eosinophils
  • lymphocytes
  • neutrophils
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