Question 1
Question
Sugammadex is a new drug that reverses the action of rocuronium and certain other skeletal musclerelaxing agents (nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents). It appears to interact directly with the rocuronium molecule and not at all with the rocuronium receptor. Which of the following terms best describes sugammadex?
Question 2
Question
You are the only physician in a clinic that is cut off from the outside world by violent storms, flooding, and landslides. A 15-year-old girl is brought to the clinic with severe asthmatic wheezing. Because of the lack of other drugs, you decide to use intravenous theophylline for treatment. The pharmaco- kinetics of theophylline include the following average param- eters: Vd 35 L; CL 48 mL/min; half-life 8 h. If an intravenous infusion of theophylline is started at a rate of 0.48 mg/min, how long would it take to reach 93.75% of the final steady- state concentration?
Answer
-
Approximately 48 min
-
Approximately 24 h
-
Approximately 32 h
Question 3
Question
Which drug used in the maintenance treatment of patients with tonic- clonic or partial seizure states increasef many drugs including both phenytoin and warfarin?
Answer
-
Clonazepam
-
Eszopiclone
-
Triazolam
-
Phenobarbital
-
Buspirone
Question 4
Question
A 20-year-old male patient scheduled for hernia surgery was anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide; tubocurarine was provided for skeletal muscle relaxation. The patient rapidly developed tachycardia and became hypertensive. Generalized skeletal muscle rigidity was accompanied by marked hyperthermia. Laboratory values revealed hyperkalemia and acidosis. This unusual complication of anesthesia is most likely to be caused by
Answer
-
Acetylcholine release from somatic nerve endings at skeletal muscle
-
Activation of brain dopamine receptors by halothane
-
Antagonism of autonomic ganglia by tubocurarine
-
Toxic metabolites of nitrous oxide
-
Calcium released within skeletal muscle
Question 5
Question
A significant number of patients started on ACE inhibitor therapy for hypertension are intolerant and must be switched to a different class of drug. What is the most common manifestation of this intolerance?
Answer
-
Angioedema
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Glaucoma
-
Headache
-
Incessant cough
-
Ventricular arrhythmias
Question 6
Question
Actions and clinical uses of muscarinic cholinoceptor agonists include which one of the following?
Answer
-
Bronchodilation (treatment of asthma)
-
Miosis (treatment of narrow angle glaucoma)
-
Decreased gastrointestinal motility (treatment of diarrhea)
-
Decreased neuromuscular transmission and relaxation of skeletal muscle (during surgical anesthesia)
-
Increased sweating (treatment of fever)
Question 7
Question
A child requires multiple minor surgical procedures involving the nasopharynx. Which drug has high surface local anesthetic activity and intrinsic vasoconstrictor actions that reduce bleeding in mucous membranes?
Answer
-
Bupivacaine
-
Cocaine
-
Lidocaine
-
Mepivacaine
-
Tetracaine
Question 8
Question
Oral medications are popular for the treatment of asthma in children because young children may have difficulty with the proper use of aerosol inhalers. Which of the following is an orally active inhibitor of leukotriene receptors?
Answer
-
Albuterol
-
Aminophylline
-
Ipratropium
-
Zafirlukast
-
Zileuton
Question 9
Question
On her release from the hospital, the patient is advised not to rely solely on oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy because they may be less effective while she is being maintained on antimycobacterial drugs. The agent most likely to interfere with the action of oral contraceptives is
Answer
-
Amikacin
-
Ethambutol
-
Pyrazinamide
-
Isoniazid
-
Rifampin
Question 10
Question
A 19-year-old college student has well-controlled asthma but on reporting to the college health clinic, complains of a sore throat. On examination, he has typical signs of thrush, a fungal infection with Candida albicans. The asthma controller medication most likely to be associated with Candida infection is:
Question 11
Question
Which of the following drugs is the most effective in the emergency management of malignant hyperthermia?
Answer
-
Atropine
-
Dantrolene
-
Haloperidol
-
Succinylcholine
-
Vecuronium
Question 12
Question
A 17-year-old patient complains that he develops wheezing and severe shortness of breath whenever he takes aspirin for headache. Increased levels of which of the following may be responsible, in part, for some cases of aspirin hypersensitivity?
Answer
-
Alprostadil
-
Leukotriene LTC4
-
PGE2
-
Prostacyclin
-
Thromboxane
Question 13
Question
The primary mechanism of resistance of Gram-positive organisms to macrolide antibiotics including erythromycin is
Answer
-
Changes in the 30S ribosomal subunit
-
Methylation of binding sites on the 50S ribosomal subunit
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Formation of esterases that hydrolyze the lactone ring
-
Formation of drug-inactivating acetyltransferases
-
Decreased drug permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane
Question 14
Question
Tolcapone may be of value in patients being treated with levodopa- carbidopa because it
Answer
-
Activates COMT
-
Decreases the formation of 3-O-methyldopa
-
Inhibits monoamine oxidase type A
-
Inhibits neuronal reuptake of dopamine
-
Releases dopamine from nerve endings
Question 15
Question
A 46-year-old male patient has Cushing’s syndrome due to an adrenal tumor. Which of the following drugs would be expected to reduce the signs and symptoms of this man’s disease?
Answer
-
Betamethasone
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Cortisol
-
Fludrocortisone
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Ketoconazole
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Triamcinolone
Question 16
Question
Which of the following is an antagonist at NK1 receptors and is used to prevent or reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
Question 17
Question
If ampicillin and piperacillin are used in combination in the treatment of infections resulting from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antagonism may occur. The most likely explanation is that
Answer
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Ampicillin is bacteriostatic
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Ampicillin induces beta-lactamase production
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Autolytic enzymes are inhibited by piperacillin
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Piperacillin blocks the attachment of ampicillin to penicillin-binding proteins
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The 2 drugs form an insoluble complex
Question 18
Question
Certain drugs can cause severe hypotension when combined with nitrates. Which of the following interacts with nitroglycerin by inhibiting the metabolism of cGMP?
Answer
-
Atenolol
-
Hydralazine
-
Nifedipine
-
Sildenafil
-
Terbutaline
Question 19
Question
A 28-year-old office worker suffers from intense migraine headaches. Which of the following is a serotonin 5-HT1D/1B agonist useful for aborting an acute migraine headache?
Answer
-
Bromocriptine
-
Cimetidine
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Ketanserin
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Ephedrine
-
Sumatriptan
Question 20
Question
Which of the following agents, when used in combination with other anti- HIV drugs, permits dose reductions?
Answer
-
Efavirenz
-
Procainamide
-
Verapamil
-
Ritonavir
Question 21
Question
A 4-year-old child is brought to the hospital after ingesting pills that a parent had used for bacterial dysentery when traveling outside the United States. The child has been vomiting for more than 24 h and has had diarrhea with green stools. She is now lethargic with an ashen color. Other signs and symptoms include hypothermia, hypotension, and abdominal distention. The drug most likely to be the cause of this problem is
Answer
-
Ampicillin
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Azithromycin
-
Chloramphenicol
-
Doxycycline
Question 22
Question
Flumazenil will counteract the action of each of the following drugs :except
Answer
-
Alprazolam
-
Buspirone
-
Diazepam
-
Eszopiclone
-
Zaleplon
Question 23
Question
A 20-year-old woman is taking over-the-counter diphenhydramine for severe hay fever. Which of the following adverse effects is she most likely to report?
Question 24
Question
A 73-year-old man with a history of a recent change in his treatment for moderately severe hypertension is brought to the emergency department because of a fall at home. Which of the following drug groups is most likely to cause postural hypotension and thus an increased risk of falls?
Question 25
Question
A 23-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department with difficulty breathing. Examination reveals significant laryngeal edema. Past medical history indicates that she suffers from recurrent episodes of angioneurotic edema with release of histamine and other mediators. Which of the following drugs is the most effective physiologic antagonist of histamine in smooth muscle?
Answer
-
Epinephrine
-
Loratadine
-
Ondansetron
-
Ranitidine
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Sumatriptan
Question 26
Question
A 16-year-old girl has paroxysmal attacks of rapid heart rate with palpitations and shortness of breath. These episodes occasionally terminate spontaneously but often require a visit to the emergency department of the local hospital. Her ECG during these episodes reveals an AV nodal tachycardia. Which of the following drugs would be most suitable for prophylaxis of future episodes of acute AV nodal tachycardia?
#Foucous:- prophylaxis !!!!!
Answer
-
Adenosine
-
Flecainide
-
Amiodarone
-
Propranolol
-
Verapamil
Question 27
Question
A 60-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with atypical chest pain. Her ECG reveals ventricular tachycardia with rare normal sinus beats, and ST-segment elevation. Troponin C levels are markedly increased, suggesting myocardial damage. A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made, and the woman is admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit. Her arrhythmia will probably be treated initially with:
Answer
-
Adenosine
-
Digoxin
-
Lidocaine
-
Quinidine
-
Verapamil
Question 28
Question
All of the following factors influence the action of local anesthetics :except
Answer
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Acetylcholinesterase activity in the region of the injection site
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Blood flow through the tissue in which the injection is made
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Dose of local anesthetic injected
-
The use of vasoconstrictors
-
Tissue pH
Question 29
Question
A 56-year-old man has hypertension and an enlarged prostate, which biopsy shows to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. He complains of urinary retention. Which of the following drugs would be the most appropriate initial therapy?
Answer
-
Albuterol
-
Atenolol
-
Metoprolol
-
Prazosin
-
Timolol
Question 30
Question
Which of the following is a direct-acting cholinomimetic that is lipid- soluble and is used to facilitate smoking cessation?
Answer
-
Varenicline
-
Physostigmine
-
Neostigmine
-
Bethanechol
-
Acetylcholine
Question 31
Question
Which of the following is the best-documented mechanism of beneficial action of cardiac glycosides?
Answer
-
A decrease in calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
-
An increase in systolic cytoplasmic calcium levels
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A modification of the actin molecule
-
An increase in a late transmembrane sodium current
-
A block of cardiac β adrenoceptors
Question 32
Question
Which of the following has been shown to prolong life in patients with chronic congestive failure in spite of having a negative inotropic effect on cardiac contractility?
Answer
-
Carvedilol
-
Digoxin
-
Dobutamine
-
Enalapril
-
Furosemide
Question 33
Question
A 60-year-old patient complains of paresthesias and occasional nausea associated with one of the drugs she is taking. She is found to have hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. She is probably taking
Answer
-
Acetazolamide for glaucoma
-
Amiloride for edema associated with aldosteronism
-
Furosemide for severe hypertension and heart failure
-
Hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension
-
Mannitol for cerebral edema
Question 34
Question
The pharmacokinetic process or property that distinguishes the elimination of ethanol and high doses of phenytoin and aspirin from the elimination of most other drugs is called
Answer
-
Distribution
-
Excretion
-
First-pass effect
-
Zero-order elimination
Question 35
Question
A 65-year-old woman with impaired renal function and a necrotic ulcer in the sole of her right foot is admitted to the ward from the emergency department. She has longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus and you wish to examine her retinas for possible vascular changes. Which of the following drugs is a good choice when pupillary dilation—but not cycloplegia—is desired?
Answer
-
Isoproterenol
-
Norepinephrine
-
Phenylephrine
-
Pilocarpine
-
Tropicamide
Question 36
Question
A patient with parkinsonism is being treated with levodopa. He suffers from irregular, involuntary muscle jerks that affect the proximal muscles of the limbs. Which of the following statements about these symptoms is most accurate?
Answer
-
Coadministration of muscarinic blockers prevents the occurrence of dyskinesias during treatment with levodopa
-
Drugs that activate dopamine receptors can exacerbate dyskinesias in a patient taking levodopa
-
Dyskinesias are less likely to occur if levodopa is administered with carbidopa
-
Symptoms are likely to be alleviated by continued treatment with levodopa
-
The symptoms are usually reduced if the dose of levodopa is increased
Question 37
Question
A 38-year-old man is being treated for HIV-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When abacavir therapy is begun, he develops a severe skin rash. Which of the following pharmacogenomic diagnoses might explain this skin rash?
Answer
-
CYP2D6*3 (PM)
-
CYP3A5*3 (PM)
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HLA-B*57:01 (EM)
-
SLCO1B1*5 (PM)
Question 38
Question
A 65-year-old woman has been admitted to the coronary care unit with a left ventricular myocardial infarction. She develops acute severe heart failure with marked pulmonary edema, but no evidence of peripheral edema. Which one of the following drugs would be most useful?
Answer
-
Digoxin
-
Minoxidil
-
Furosemide
-
Propranolol
-
Spironolactone
Question 39
Question
A 9-year-old child is having learning difficulties at school. He has brief lapses of awareness with eyelid fluttering that occur every 5–10 min. Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies reveal brief 3-Hz spike and wave discharges appearing synchronously in all leads. Which drug would be effective in this child without the disadvantages of excessive sedation or tolerance development?
Answer
-
Clonazepam
-
Diazepam
-
Gabapentin
-
Phenobarbita
-
Ethosuximide
Question 40
Question
With chronic use in seizure states, the adverse effects of this drug include coarsening of facial features, hirsutism, and gingival hyperplasia.
Answer
-
Carbamazepine
-
Ethosuximide
-
Phenytoin
-
Tiagabine
-
Zonisamide
Question 41
Question
Which of the following is an accepted therapeutic indication for the use of antimuscarinic drugs?
Question 42
Question
An NO-containing molecule that releases nitric oxide in the blood is:
Answer
-
Citrulline
-
Histamine
-
Isoproterenol
-
Nitroprusside
-
Nitroglycerin
Question 43
Question
Certain drugs can cause severe hypotension when combined with nitrates. Which of the following interacts with nitroglycerin by inhibiting the metabolism of cGMP?
Answer
-
Atenolol
-
Hydralazine
-
Isosorbide mononitrate
-
Nifedipine
-
Sildenafil
-
Ranolazine
Question 44
Question
A 32-year-old woman with hypertension wishes to become pregnant. Her physician informs her that she will have to switch to another antihypertensive drug. Which of the following drugs is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy?
Answer
-
Atenolol
-
Losartan
-
Methyldopa
-
Nifedipine
-
Propranolol
Question 45
Question
A 54-year-old man comes to the emergency department with acute chest pain, nausea, sweating, and shortness of breath. The patient has a history of recreational drug use and reports using cocaine, heroin, and alcohol earlier in the day. Temperature is 36.1°C (97°F), pulse is 101/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. The medication typically used to treat this acute condition is currently contraindicated for this patient. Which of the following physiologic responses would occur if the contraindicated Beta blocker) medication were given?
Answer
-
Unopposed vascular smooth muscle relaxation
-
Unopposed vascular smooth muscle contraction
-
Unopposed cardiac muscle contraction
-
Unopposed cardiac muscle relaxation
Question 46
Question
Which one of the following is characteristic of nifedipine treatment in patients with essential hypertension?
Answer
-
Competitively blocks angiotensin II at its receptor
-
Decreases calcium efflux from skeletal muscle
-
Decreases renin concentration in the blood
-
Decreases calcium influx into smooth muscle
-
Decreases calcium flux into the urine
Question 47
Question
Which of the following is a leukotriene receptor blocker?
Answer
-
Alprostadil
-
Aspirin
-
Ibuprofen
-
Leukotriene LTC4
-
Montelukast
-
Zileuton
Question 48
Question
After several cycles of chemotherapy, the patient was found to have a high resting pulse rate. A noninvasive radionuclide scan revealed evidence of cardiomyopathy. The drug that is most likely responsible for the cardiac toxicity is:
Answer
-
Cyclophosphamide
-
Doxorubicin
-
Flurouracil
-
Methotrexate
-
Tamoxifen
Question 49
Question
A 16-year-old girl has paroxysmal attacks of rapid heart rate with palpitations and shortness of breath. These episodes occasionally terminate spontaneously but often require a visit to the emergency department of the local hospital. Her ECG during these episodes reveals an AV nodal tachycardia. The antiarrhythmic of choice in most cases of acute AV nodal tachycardia is
Answer
-
Adenosine
-
Amiodarone
-
Flecainide
-
Propranolol
-
Verapamil
Question 50
Question
A 38-year-old man who is obese complains of an extremely painful, swollen metatarsophalangeal joint of his left big toe. He has had two similar attacks in the past 4 years. The physician prescribes febuxostat. Which of the following describes febuxostat's mecha-nism of action?
Answer
-
Anti-inflammatory
-
Inhibition of leukocyte migration
-
Inhibition of urate reabsorption
-
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase
-
Upregulation of urate metabolism
Question 51
Question
A 36-year-old man with multiple medical problems including diabetes, hypertension, and morbid obesity is hospitalized for treatment of a vancomycin-resistant Enterobacter infection. Recent blood cultures are positive. He is given quinupristin/dalfopristin intrave-nously through the antecubital vein. Which of the following sequelae is most likely?
Answer
-
Arthritis
-
Hepatic dysfunction
-
Muscle fatigue
-
Renal failure
-
Venous irritation
Question 52
Question
Ampicillin and amoxicillin are in thesame group of penicillins.However, there are important differences.Which of the following beststates how amoxicillin differs fromampicillin?
Answer
-
Has better oral bioavailability, particularlywhen taken with meals
-
Is effective against penicillinase-producing organisms
-
Is a broad-spectrum penicillin
-
Does not cause hypersensitivity reactions
-
Has great antipseudomonal activity
Question 53
Question
A 69-year-old man is admitted to the hospital for management of a pulmonary embolus for which he receives heparin. Five days later, he reports bilateral leg swelling and pain. Ultrasonography reveals bilateral occlusive thrombi in the popliteal veins.Platelet count is 27,000/mm3, prothrombin time is 12 sec, and activated partial thromboplastin time is 65 sec. His heparin is discontinued. Administration of which of the following medications is the best next step in treatment (for the patient without monitoring) ?
Question 54
Question
A 29-year-old woman is undergoing an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. After being sedated, she is given a muscle relaxant intravenously. Just after administration of this drug, the patient's arms and legs twitch briefly. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered?
Answer
-
Dantrolene
-
Rocuronium
-
Lidocaine
-
Succinylcholine
-
Fentanyl
Question 55
Question
A 36-year-old man with multiple medical problems including diabetes, hypertension, and morbid obesity is hospitalized for treatment of a vancomycin-resistant Enterobacter infection. Recent blood cultures are positive. He is given quinupristin/dalfopristin intravenously through the antecubital vein. Which of the following sequelae is most likely?
Answer
-
Arthritis
-
Hepatic dysfunction
-
Muscle fatigue
-
Renal failure
-
Venous irritation
Question 56
Question
A 44-year-old man comes to the clinic using crutches due to the abrupt onset of an exquisitely painful, swollen, erythematous, and warm right metatarsophalangeal. Two months ago, he developed mild peripheral edema and was started on a new medication that may cause decreased urine calcium excretion. On physical examination, his right toe is tender, erythematous, and warm to the touch. Which of the following antihypertensive medications was most likely responsible for this patient’s findings?
Answer
-
Furosemide
-
Hydrochlorothiazide
-
Nifedipine
-
Lisinopril
-
Prazosin
Question 57
Question
A 50-year-old man has a history of frequent episodes of renal colic with calcium-containing renal
stones. A careful workup indicates that he has a defect in proximal tubular calcium reabsorption, which results in high concentrations of calcium salts in the tubular urine. The most useful diuretic agent in the treatment of recurrent calcium stones is
Answer
-
Chlorthalidone
-
Diazoxide
-
Ethacrynic acid
-
Mannitol
-
Spironolactone
Question 58
Question
Patient with hypertension he has symptoms like inflammation and pain in the pig tone what is the drug that he used: افهم
Question 59
Question
patient with pulmonary disease and have high blood pressure and high pulse which drug is contraindicated? افهم
Answer
-
Alfa agonist
-
beta antagonist
-
non selective B blocker
Question 60
Question
Patient have high blood pressure and Renal failure which drug should not be given. افهم
Question 61
Question
Drug prophylaxis for av tachycardia:
Answer
-
verapamil
-
phenytoin
-
Carbamazepine
-
Luoprolide
-
Adenocine
Question 62
Question
Patient is having epilepsy and take drug for seizures also work in voltage-gated calcium:
Question 63
Question
Patient is take anti epileptic drug (valporic acid) put symptoms are not relief which drug can be used for partial seizures:
Answer
-
Carbamazepine
-
phenytoin
-
Phenoberbital
Question 64
Question
Mechanism of digoxin : increase in ejection fraction
Question 65
Question
Patient have epilepsy and take over dose of diazepam the symptoms relief with flumazenil
explained this on a curve:
Question 66
Question
Antipsychotic drugs (ALZHEIMER )that in supine position increase blood pressure in siting positive decrease BP:
Question 67
Question
Inticancer drug that inhibits myosis:
Question 68
Question
Pregnant Woman experience hemorrhage she has given petamethasone which is mechanism of this drug :
Question 69
Question
Patients is taking drug for arrhythmias he developed pulmonary disease:
Question 70
Question
Patient which hypertension taking diuretic he experiences fatigue pills (vertigo) which substances is
increased in this patient:
Question 71
Question
Patient how is taking antipsychotic drug - and his mother have history of anxiety disorder developed muscle rigidity what drug he used that caused this symptoms?
Question 72
Question
Grapes fruit Which drug should not take with which anticoagulants drug :