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Senior Comp Exam (May the Lord Bless You and Keep You and Your Memorization While Taking This Exam, Amen!)

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Be great! We will ace this Senior Comp Exam and GRADUATE in Jesus Name! (You can also download the "GoConqr" app and take this exam on their if you don't feel like viewing this on your computer). Love yall! :*
Chinwendu Opara
Quiz by Chinwendu Opara, updated more than 1 year ago
Chinwendu Opara
Created by Chinwendu Opara almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What characterizes a prokaryotic cell?
Answer
  • presence of a nucleus with no DNA
  • lack of ribosomes
  • having a cell wall without a cell membrane
  • lack of a membrane-enclosed nucleus
  • presence of mitochondria

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is NOT considered a weak molecular interaction?
Answer
  • hydrogen bond
  • van der Waals interactions
  • covalent bond
  • ionic bond in the presence of water

Question 3

Question
Acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to 3.0. The hydrogen ion concentration of the lake is
Answer
  • 10^3
  • 10^-10 M
  • 10^-3 M
  • 3%
  • 3.0 M

Question 4

Question
A cation always has:
Answer
  • more protons than neutrons
  • more electrons than protons
  • equal numbers of protons and electrons
  • more protons than electrons

Question 5

Question
Nucleotides are important in
Answer
  • All of the preceding
  • energy production and utilization
  • transmission of hereditary information
  • nucleic acid organization

Question 6

Question
Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because
Answer
  • the oxygen atom in water molecules is weakly negative
  • the hydrogen in water molecules is weakly positive
  • All of the above are correct
  • the water molecule is polar

Question 7

Question
The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypetide:
Answer
  • quaternary structure of a protein
  • primary structure of a protein
  • tertiary structure of a protein
  • secondary structure of a protein

Question 8

Question
An enzyme accelerates a metabolic reaction by
Answer
  • making the substrate molecule more stable
  • pushing the reaction away from equilibrium
  • altering the overall free-energy change for the reaction
  • lowering the activation energy

Question 9

Question
Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells?
Answer
  • mitochondria
  • centrioles
  • tonoplast
  • chloroplasts
  • wall made of cellulose

Question 10

Question
Which of the following components is present in prokaryotic cell?
Answer
  • nuclear envelope
  • mitochondria
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • ribosomes
  • chloroplasts

Question 11

Question
On which of the following features do most plant and animal cells differ?
Answer
  • structure of nucleus
  • primary energy source
  • transcription
  • mitochondrial function
  • active transport mechanisms

Question 12

Question
If a sexually reproducing species has a chromosome number of 2n=16, then:
Answer
  • it is diploid with 32 chromosomes
  • its gametes contain 16 chromosomes
  • it received 8 chromosomes from the egg and 8 chromosomes from the sperm
  • it has 16 different pairs of chromosomes

Question 13

Question
A biochemist isolated and purified molecules needed for replication. When DNA was added, replication occurred but the DNA molecules were defective. Each consisted of a normal DNA strand with many DNA segments a few hundred nucleotides long. What has the biochemist left out of the mixture?
Answer
  • nucleotides
  • DNA polymerase
  • Okazaki fragments
  • primers
  • ligase

Question 14

Question
A microbiologist found that some bacteria infected by phages had developed the capacity to make a particular amino acid that they did not make before. The new capacity probably reflects
Answer
  • transduction
  • induction
  • conjugation
  • transposition
  • transformation

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is not true of a codon? A codon
Answer
  • is a basic unit of genetic code
  • never codes for more than one amino acid
  • may code for the same amino acid as another codon
  • extends from a tRNA molecule

Question 16

Question
The cells of the liver are distinct from cells of the spleen because they
Answer
  • have different chromosomes
  • use different genetic codes
  • express different genes
  • have unique ribosomes
  • contain different genes

Question 17

Question
Which of the following techniques would you use to produce a great number of DNA copies?
Answer
  • fingerprinting
  • gel electrophoresis
  • hybridization
  • autoradiography
  • polymerase chain reaction

Question 18

Question
All of the following compounds are required at some stage of photosynthesis EXCEPT
Answer
  • NADP
  • carbon dioxide
  • oxygen
  • water
  • adenosine triphosphate

Question 19

Question
Which of the following would never contribute to genetic variation within a bacterial population?
Answer
  • conjugation
  • mutation
  • meiosis
  • transformation
  • transduction

Question 20

Question
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in oxidative phosphorylation is
Answer
  • lactate
  • NAD+
  • water
  • pyruvate
  • oxygen

Question 21

Question
During human gestation, organogenesis occurs
Answer
  • in the first trimester
  • during the blastocyst
  • during the embryo
  • while the embryo is in the oviduct
  • in the second trimester

Question 22

Question
Organogenesis begins with the development of the
Answer
  • neural tube (brain & spinal chord)
  • coelom
  • archenteron
  • blastocoel
  • blastopore

Question 23

Question
Programmed cell death occurs normally in the development of the nervous and immune systems. This is termed
Answer
  • totipotency
  • differentiation
  • determination
  • pattern formation
  • apoptosis

Question 24

Question
Mammals are distinguished from other vertebrates by the presence of
Answer
  • an amniote egg
  • a four chambered heart
  • cephalization
  • hair and mammary glands

Question 25

Question
As humans diverged from other primates, which of the following most likely appeared first?
Answer
  • the development of culture
  • an enlarged brain
  • an erect stance
  • language
  • toolmaking

Question 26

Question
The major endothermic (warm blooded) vertebrates include the
Answer
  • mammals and birds
  • reptiles
  • mammals
  • birds
  • birds and reptiles

Question 27

Question
Which of the following enzymes acts first during digestion?
Answer
  • amylase
  • pepsin
  • trypsin
  • lipase
  • nuclease

Question 28

Question
In which of the following blood vessels would you expect to find the most nutrients?
Answer
  • aorta
  • hepatic portal vein
  • intestinal artery
  • posterior vena cava
  • renal portal vein

Question 29

Question
The various metabolic exchanges occur in
Answer
  • veins
  • capillaries
  • muscular arteries
  • venules
  • elastic arteries

Question 30

Question
Pulse is a direct measure of
Answer
  • stroke volume
  • blood pressure
  • heart rate
  • cardiac output
  • breathing rate

Question 31

Question
Compared to interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a
Answer
  • higher partial pressure of O2
  • lower osmotic pressure of CO2
  • higher partial pressure of CO2
  • lower pH

Question 32

Question
Humoral immunity is mediated primarily by
Answer
  • B lymphocytes
  • T lymphoctes
  • neutrophils
  • monocytes
  • macrophages

Question 33

Question
HIV compromises the immune system primarily by infecting _______ cells
Answer
  • helper T
  • cytotoxic
  • B
  • suppressor
  • plasma

Question 34

Question
Fertilization of human eggs most often takes place in the
Answer
  • uterus
  • vagina
  • vas deferen
  • oviduct (fallopian tube)
  • ovary

Question 35

Question
The nitrogenous waste generated by an animal is best correlated with the animals _______ metabolism.
Answer
  • nucleic acid and lipid
  • protein
  • protein and nucleic acid
  • nucleic acid
  • lipid

Question 36

Question
The concept that recognizes that the internal environment is maintained at an optimal level is termed
Answer
  • euryhaline
  • stenaline
  • adaptation
  • osmoconformatory
  • homeostasis

Question 37

Question
The functional units of the kidney control blood composition through
Answer
  • ultrafiltration
  • secretion
  • reabsorption
  • all of the preceding

Question 38

Question
The coordination of movement is mediated by the
Answer
  • thalamus
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • cerebrum

Question 39

Question
The largest and most complex part of the human brain is the
Answer
  • cerebellum
  • cerebral cortex
  • pituitary
  • medulla oblongata
  • hypothalamus

Question 40

Question
Of the following components of the nervous system, which is the most inclusive?
Answer
  • central nervous system
  • spinal cord
  • neuron
  • brain
  • gray matter

Question 41

Question
Which scientific name is presented correctly?
Answer
  • Apis mellifera
  • Drosophila Melanogaster
  • limuls polyphemus
  • rana Pipiens
  • Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 42

Question
A single bacterium existing in an environment with unlimited resources and no competition would
Answer
  • reproduce logistically
  • reproduce exponentially
  • reproduce linearly
  • reproduce radially
  • not reproduce

Question 43

Question
___________ capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species an environment can support.
Answer
  • none of the preceding
  • carrying
  • population
  • growth
  • habitat

Question 44

Question
Which of the following compounds is the most common compound in the bacterial cell wall?
Answer
  • cellulose
  • capsule
  • lignin
  • lipopolysaccharide
  • peptodoglycan

Question 45

Question
A mycelium consists of
Answer
  • cellular slime molds
  • pseudoplasmodia
  • fibrils
  • microtubules
  • hypahe

Question 46

Question
Genes that regulate development are conserved. This means that they
Answer
  • have evolved large differences among multicellular organisms
  • none of the above
  • have changed very little over the course of evolution
  • are always turned on

Question 47

Question
During translation, polypeptide chain elongation requires the __________ enzymatic activity
Answer
  • poly-A polymerase
  • peptidyl transferase
  • methyl transferase
  • glycyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 48

Question
Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • transcription
  • DNA replication and translation
  • translation and transcription
  • translation

Question 49

Question
By executing a test cross, the genotype of an organism that expresses a dominant trait can be determined by
Answer
  • crossing the organism with a heterozygous dominant organism
  • crossing the organism with a homozygous dominant organism
  • crossing the organism with a homozygous recessive organism
  • observing the phenotype of the progeny from any cross
  • observing the genotype of the progeny from any cross

Question 50

Question
Ribosomes are a collection of __________ that are needed for ____________.
Answer
  • proteins and rNAs; translation
  • small proteins; translation
  • proteins and tRNAs; transcription
  • proteins and mRNAs; translation
  • mRNAs and tRNAs; translation

Question 51

Question
The genetic code is degenerate because
Answer
  • amino acids may have more than one codon
  • each codon codes for only one amino acid
  • both A &B
  • neither A nor B

Question 52

Question
Epistasis refers to
Answer
  • group of genes that are close together
  • the equal interaction of two genes so that a new phenotype is produced
  • the expression of two genes in the same individual
  • the linear order of genes on a chromosome
  • the expression of one gene making the expression of another

Question 53

Question
FOR QUESTIONS 54, 55, 56 & 57 BASE RESPONSE ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION In a species of tropical bird, wing feather coloration is controlled by the action of 6 loci: R, D, G, Y, A and B, alleles R and r, D and d, etc. Complete dominance occurs at each locus. The R and D loci exhibit additive gene action: R__ D__ bird have dark red wings; rrdd birds have pink wings; and all other genotypic combinations at these loci result in birds with pale red wings. The G locus is dominantly epistatic to the R and D loci; G__ birds exhibit green wing coloration. The Y locus is recessively epistatic to the R,D and G loci; yy birds have yellow wings. The A and B loci control pigment production and are recessively epistatic to the color loci; aa and/or bb birds have white wings [i.e. dominance is required at both loci for pigment production]. RrDdGgYyAaBb x rrddggYYAaBb (just click "okay bih" in answer options)
Answer
  • okay bih
  • tell me something good *song tune*

Question 54

Question
From the mating above, what proportion of the progeny would be expected to exhibit the paternal phenotype?
Answer
  • 9/128
  • 3/16
  • 6/32
  • 1/128

Question 55

Question
From the mating above, what proportion of the progeny would be expected to exhibit the maternal phenotype?
Answer
  • 1/16
  • 9/16
  • 1/4
  • 9/32

Question 56

Question
An inbred pale red wing female is mated with a white male. The F1 (subscript 1) progeny are mated among themselves. What is the largest proportion of the F2 (subscript 2) progeny that would be expected to exhibit green wing feathers? (I didn't have the answer for this one and I'm way too sleepy to figure it out)
Answer
  • 3/8
  • 1/16
  • 9/16
  • 3/16
  • I DONT KNOW

Question 57

Question
A green winged female is mated with a yellow winged male. What is the largest proportion of their progeny that would be expected to exhibit pale red wings?
Answer
  • 1/16
  • 1/8
  • 1/2
  • 3/4
  • all

Question 58

Question
Which phrase regarding a Mendelian monohybrid cross is incorrect? It
Answer
  • demonstrates independent assortment
  • demonstrates segregation of only one pair of alleles
  • gives two phenotypic classes
  • gives three phenotypic classes

Question 59

Question
Which statement about chromosome number is incorrect?
Answer
  • each type of chromosome is represented twice in a diploid cell
  • gametes usually contain only one set of chromosomes, referred to as haploid
  • a human somatic cell has one pair of sex chromosomes
  • sister chromatids of a chromosome are genetically identical and constitute a homologous pair

Question 60

Question
During meiosis, when are homologous pairs of chromosomes separated?
Answer
  • anaphase II
  • metaphase II
  • meiosis I
  • no answer is correct

Question 61

Question
What is the pattern of inheritance for a rare recessive allele?
Answer
  • very affected person has an affected parent
  • affected parents do not produce affected children
  • unaffected parents can produce children who are affected
  • unaffected mothers have affected sons and daughters who are carriers
  • none of the above

Question 62

Question
There are 46 chromosomes in a human diploid cell. How many autosomes are present in an egg cell?
Answer
  • 44
  • 2
  • 1
  • 22

Question 63

Question
_________ is the term for an allele that has more than one distinguishable phenotypic effect.
Answer
  • heterosis
  • epistasis
  • codominance
  • incomplete dominance
  • pleiotropy

Question 64

Question
Experiments conducted by Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA replication is
Answer
  • semiconservative
  • semidiscontinous
  • conservative
  • bi-directional

Question 65

Question
Nucleotides are composed of:
Answer
  • ribose sugar ad phosphates
  • ribose sugars and nitrogenous bases
  • nitrogenous bases and phosphates
  • both b and c

Question 66

Question
Which of the following is a normal human female?
Answer
  • XY
  • XXY
  • XXX
  • XX

Question 67

Question
For double helical DNA (This is Chargaff's Rule):
Answer
  • A+T/G+C always approximates 1.0
  • A+T/G+C always approximates 0.5
  • A+G/T+C always approximates 1.0
  • A+G/T+C always approximates 1.5

Question 68

Question
A human somatic cell contains _____ chromosomes.
Answer
  • 23
  • 47
  • 2n
  • 46
  • n

Question 69

Question
In transcription,
Answer
  • DNA makes DNA
  • DNA makes RNA
  • RNA makes a polypetide chain
  • RNA makes DNA

Question 70

Question
Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell?
Answer
  • DNA replication
  • translation
  • transcription
  • DNA replication translation
  • translation and transcription

Question 71

Question
Which of the following series represents alleles:
Answer
  • Aa
  • AB
  • Ab
  • ab

Question 72

Question
In the human body, gametes are produced by
Answer
  • mitosis
  • meiosis
  • binary fission
  • multiple fission

Question 73

Question
During replication in E. coli, DNA is maintained as single-stranded molecules at replication fork by:
Answer
  • helicase
  • SSB proteins
  • primase
  • DNA ligase

Question 74

Question
The problem of replication on the lagging strand is solved by DNA through the use of
Answer
  • base pairing
  • replication
  • the unwinding enzyme, helicase
  • Okazaki fragments
  • topoisomerases

Question 75

Question
DNA polymerase I synthesis new molecules of DNA in:
Answer
  • a 3' to 5' direction
  • a 5' to 3' direction
  • both a and b

Question 76

Question
The two strands of double helical DNA are held together by
Answer
  • covalent bonds
  • ionic bonds
  • hydrogen bonds
  • disulfide bonds

Question 77

Question
The genotypic ratio in a cross between a homozygous recessive and a heterozygous (aa x Aa) is:
Answer
  • 3:1
  • 1:2
  • 9:3:3:1
  • 1:1

Question 78

Question
Processing of primary transcripts results in
Answer
  • mRNA precursors
  • polypetides
  • intervening sequences
  • mature mRNAs

Question 79

Question
smRNPs are involved in:
Answer
  • translation
  • DNA replication
  • splicing
  • posttranslation modification of proteins

Question 80

Question
What is the difference between DNA and a chromosome:
Answer
  • chromosomes contain DNA within their structure
  • DNA often incorporate a chromosome into its mass
  • chromosomes fill the nucleus while DNA is in the nuclear membrane
  • they are essentially the same

Question 81

Question
A couple who are both carriers for the gene for cystic fibrosis have two children who have cystic fibrosis. What is the possibility that their next child will have cystic fibrosis?
Answer
  • 0%
  • 75%
  • 100%
  • 25%
  • 50%

Question 82

Question
If factor "a" is lethal in the homozygous condition, "aa", then how many offsprings out of every 16 will survive from the cross AsBb x AaBb?
Answer
  • 3
  • 12
  • 16
  • 9

Question 83

Question
Given the parents AABBCc x AabbCc, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to phenotypically resemble the first parent?
Answer
  • 1/4
  • 1
  • 3/8
  • 3/4
  • 1/8

Question 84

Question
What role do herbivores (organisms that eat plants) play in the energetics of ecosystems?
Answer
  • consumers
  • reducers
  • decomposers
  • producers

Question 85

Question
Which gas is most abundant in earth's current atmosphere?
Answer
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
  • carbon dioxide
  • argon

Question 86

Question
Denitrification:
Answer
  • occurs in anerobic conditions
  • converts nitrogen gas to ammonia
  • converts nitrate to nitrate
  • is carried out by Rhizobium bacteria

Question 87

Question
Most of the earth's carbon is found in:
Answer
  • tree trunks and living biomass
  • sedimentary rocks
  • atmosphere
  • ocean

Question 88

Question
A female African elephant produces a single offspring at interval levels of several years, caring for her young for an extended period before reproducing again. The elephant's reproductive life history is referred to as:
Answer
  • semelparous
  • iteroparous
  • indeterminate
  • progamic

Question 89

Question
Offspring from a sexual union contribute only one-half as much to the evolutionary fitness of either parent as asexually produced offspring. This relative reduction in fitness is called:
Answer
  • the Red Queen hypothesis
  • dioecy
  • the cost of meiosis
  • sequential hermaophroditism

Question 90

Question
Desert shrubs competing for scarce supplies of water are likely to show which dipersion pattern?
Answer
  • aggregate
  • regular
  • random
  • clumped

Question 91

Question
When predators and their prey exhibit cyclic population oscillations, the typical pattern is:
Answer
  • predator number increases after prey number increases
  • prey number increases after predator number increases
  • both predator and prey cycles are nearly identical (synchronous peaks)
  • no predictable relationship between predator and prey population sizes

Question 92

Question
Hummingbirds will chase away other birds that attempt to visit backyard feeders. This interaction is an example of:
Answer
  • mutualism
  • allelopathy
  • exploitation competition
  • interference competition

Question 93

Question
The relationship between plants and their insect pollinators is best described as:
Answer
  • amensalism
  • commensalism
  • defensive mutualism
  • dispersive mutualism

Question 94

Question
Which of the following nutrient elements typically limits primary production in fresh water?
Answer
  • potassium
  • calcium
  • nitrogen
  • phosphorus

Question 95

Question
Which of the following ecosystems has a level of production similar to a tropical rain forest?
Answer
  • marsh
  • desert
  • open ocean
  • temperate grassland

Question 96

Question
Mycorrhizal fungi aid in supplying what critical element to plant roots?
Answer
  • oxygen
  • phosphorus
  • carbon
  • nitrogen

Question 97

Question
Production of large sized offspring is most likely linked to:
Answer
  • high competition among juveniles
  • wind dispersal of offspring
  • production of large numbers of offspring
  • increased survivorship of parents

Question 98

Question
The predominant sexual system in flowering plants is:
Answer
  • hermaphroditic
  • unisexual
  • monoecious
  • dioecious

Question 99

Question
When a population grows according to the logistic model, what is the value of "r' when the population numbers are stable?
Answer
  • r = 0
  • r = K
  • r = N
  • r = 1/2 K

Question 100

Question
All of the following are plant secondary compounds used for defense against herbivores EXCEPT:
Answer
  • spines
  • alkaloids
  • terpenoids
  • tannins

Question 101

Question
Keystone predators can increase species diversity in a community because:
Answer
  • they eat most kinds of species
  • they allow species to live outside of their ecological range
  • they prevent prey from eating each other
  • they may prevent a superior competitor from becoming dominant

Question 102

Question
The first few years of succession on an abandoned agricultural field are characterized by a community of:
Answer
  • annual and biennial herbaceous plants
  • shrubs
  • trees
  • perennial herbaceous plants

Question 103

Question
The largest single source of anthropogenic (human-caused) increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide:
Answer
  • cattle ranching
  • mining
  • making fertilizer
  • burning fossil fuel
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