Question 1
Question
Which of the following is a covalent post-translational modification of signal proteins which is also ATP-independent?
Answer
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Phosphorylation
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GTP Hydrolysis
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Nitrosylation
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Oxidation
Question 2
Question
Which of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most dangerous to cells?
Question 3
Question
When a signaling protein hydrolyzes a nucleotide triphosphate, order is produced. The resulting order is reflected in the formation of more protein-protein interactions.
Question 4
Question
For a generic switching reaction, which of the following statements is the most correct?
Answer
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" or "OFF" requires energy, but only one direction for the switch must be linked to an energy-supplying reaction.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" always requires energy.
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Switching a signal-processing protein "ON" always requires energy, and switching a signal-processing protein "OFF" also always requires energy.
Question 5
Question
Which of the following terms refers to the way in which the binding of signal molecules alter conformation equilibrium for signal-processing proteins?
Answer
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allostery
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scaffolding
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covalent interaction
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adaptation
Question 6
Question
Which of the following is not a strategy for maintaining and improving stability in a signal-processing system?
Answer
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noise filtering
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redundancy
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encoding
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pattern generation
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adaptation
Question 7
Question
Which of the following types of proteins acts to vastly speed up signal transduction by pre-assembling signaling proteins into a signaling complex?
Question 8
Question
Which statement is false?
Answer
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell takes advantage of the modular design of proteins to link specific outputs to specific inputs.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell employs at least 4 mechanisms to maintain and improve stability.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell controls the availability and non-availability of interaction domains to govern how a signal is processed
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell uses proteins as switching elements.
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The data-processing protein network ("brain") of a cell rarely links short-range and long-range signaling during signal transduction.
Question 9
Question
Which family of proteins acts as unfoldases to dissociate protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes?
Question 10
Question
Chaperone proteins such as heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) use the energy of _____ hydrolysis to enable misfolded steroid hormone receptors to go from native state (stable but non-functional state) to functional state.
Question 11
Question
For the phosphorylation switch, which of the following amino acids is not a common target of phosphorylation?
Answer
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threonine (Thr)
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lysine (Lys)
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serine (Ser)
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tyrosine (Tyr)
Question 12
Question
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that are activated by cAMP and cGMP?
Question 13
Question
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes protein kinases that phosphorylate Ser and Thr amino acids in the neighborhood of Pro residues?
Question 14
Question
Which of the major subfamilies of protein kinases includes mainly protein kinases that are constituents of MAP kinase modules?