Question 1
Question
What is the main role of cytochrome aa3?
Answer
-
Takes e- from ubiquinol and reduces oxygen to water
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Takes e- from ubiquinol and reduces oxygen to peroxide
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Takes e- from cytochrome c and reduces oxygen to peroxide
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Takes e- from cytochrome c and reduces oxygen to water
Question 2
Question
Complex IV contains how many subunits?
Question 3
Question
Complex IV doesn't transfer protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Question 4
Question
Which ions does it contain, and how many of each?
Answer
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2 Fe (in haeme groups) and 3 Cu (2 as a Cu-Cu binuclear centre, 1 as a binuclear Fe-Cu centre)
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2 Cu (in haeme groups) and 3 Fe (2 as a Fe-Fe binuclear centre, 1 as a binuclear Fe-Cu centre)
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2 Mg (in haeme groups) and 3 Cu (2 as a Cu-Cu binuclear centre, 1 as a binuclear Fe-Mg centre)
Question 5
Question
Cytochrome aa3 complex consists almost entirely of alpha helices
Question 6
Question
Put the following in order
A- Cyt c
B- CuA centre
C- Cyt a
D- Cyt a3-CuB centre
E - Water
•Transfer from cyt a3-CuB centre to oxygen
Answer
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A-B-C-D-E
-
A-C-D-B-E
-
A-C-B-D-E
Question 7
Question
How many protons are pumped by complex 4, and how many are used to make water (per Oxygen molecule)?
Question 8
Question
Which conformation of Complex IV has the low affinity for protons?
Question 9
Question
Protons bind to Complex IV during Conformation B
Question 10
Question
What happens during conformation B that lowers the Complex IV's affinity for protons?
Question 11
Question
No question, just look at it and learn it
Question 12
Question
ATP synthase is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane
Question 13
Question
ATP synthase is divided into two sections, F1 & F0
Which is peripheral and which is integral?
Question 14
Question
Name the function of ATP synthase
Answer
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ATP synthesis
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ATP hydrolysis
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ATP translocation
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Proton translocation
Question 15
Question
If ATP is high, and the proton gradient is low, what will Complex V do instead?
Answer
-
Hydrolyse ATP
-
Synthesise GTP
-
Break itself down
Question 16
Question
Protons flow through F1 to power the ATP synthesis in F0
Question 17
Question
Name the subunits of F1
Question 18
Question
Which of the following subunit(s) are the largest in F1?
Answer
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Alpha & Beta
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Gamma & Delta
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Beta and Gamma
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Alpha and Epsilon
Question 19
Question
What is the role of the delta subunit in F1?
Question 20
Question
The epsilon subunit of F0 connects the gamma to the C subunit
Question 21
Question
F0 contains how many subunits?
Answer
-
2- A & B
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3- A, B & C
-
2- Alpha & Beta
Question 22
Question
The F1 subunit is...
Answer
-
8nm long
-
18nm long
-
12nm long
-
90nm wide
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19nm wide
-
9nm wide
Question 23
Question
The Y subunit of F1 is made of 2 beta sheets that have been bent, but are bound at the base
Question 24
Question
When the gamma subunit is in contact with a beta subunit, the ATP catalysis site is in it's _ formation
Question 25
Question
A subunit contains ADP + Pi- what conformation is it in?
Question 26
Question
Whilst the subunit is replacing ATP with ADP + Pi, the gamma subunit remains in plance
Question 27
Question
What order do the three conformations work in?
Assume you start with the Loose formation
Answer
-
Loose-Tight-Open
-
Loose-Open-Tight
Question 28
Question
State the characteristics of the C subunit of F0
Answer
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Small
-
Large
-
Hydrophobic
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Hydrophilic
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Integral
-
Peripheral
Question 29
Question
How many monomers make up the C subunit?
Question 30
Question
The C subunit contains 3 rings of monomer
Question 31
Question
Why is there a variance across species of the number of monomers in the C subunit?
Answer
-
The more complex an organism, the more efficient the subunit
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The more complex an organism, the less efficient the subunit
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The larger the organism, the more subunits are required
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Mammals have 8, birds have 12, all lesser animals and prokaryotes have 14 or more
Question 32
Question
More subunits require more protons to move them, so more subunits is less efficient
Question 33
Question
How is the A subunit described?
Answer
-
A proton half channel
-
A proton channel
-
A proton quarter channel
Question 34
Question
Protons passing through the A subunit...
Question 35
Question
Each subunit can hold 2 protons
Question 36
Question
The momevent of the protons around the C subunit powers what?
Answer
-
The movement of the gamma subunit
-
The conformational changes of the beta subunits
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The attachment of the alpha subunits
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The rotation of the delta subunit
Question 37
Question
The rotation of the F1 has been proved by attaching a microtubule filament to the F1 head and examining it under the microscope
Question 38
Question
Only the gamma subunit of the F1 complex rotates
Question 39
Question
How is the Alpha/Beta spheroid of F1 held in place?
Answer
-
B1 subunit
-
B2 subunit
-
Epsilon subunit
-
Delta subunit
Question 40
Question
For every _degree rotation, 1 molecule of ATP is produced
Question 41
Question
The mechanism of the gamma subunit causes an affinity change for ATP/ADP + Pi, driving the cycle