AP Biology Practice Quiz

Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes the advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?

By discharging electric sparks into a laboratory chamber atmosphere that consisted of water vapor, hydrogen gas, methane, and ammonia, Stanley Miller obtained data that showed that a number of organic molecules, including many amino acids, could be synthesized. Miller was attempting to model early Earth conditions as understood in the 1950s. The results of Miller's experiments best support which of the following hypotheses?

The area covered by tropical rain forest is reduced by millions of hectares per year due to agriculture and logging. Which of the following best describes a likely result of tropical rain forest deforestation?

When DNA replicates, each strand of the original DNA molecule is used as a template for the synthesis of a second, complementary strand. To start DNA synthesis, DNA helicase moves along the template strand to "unzip" it. The top strand is called the [blank_start]leading[blank_end] strand and starts with [blank_start]5'[blank_end] and ends with 3'. In contrast, the bottom strand, or the [blank_start]lagging[blank_end] strand, starts with [blank_start]3'[blank_end] and ends with 5'. The strands are unwound/replicated in [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] directions.

Which of the following statements best supports the claim that organisms share fundamental processes as a result of evolution?

The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in chloroplasts. The protein is structurally and functionally similar to tubulin proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information?

In most freshwater fish, nitrogenous waste is primarily excreted as ammonia, which is highly concentrations. In terrestrial animals, ammonia is converted to urea before it is excreted. Urea is also highly soluble in water but is less toxic than ammonia at low concentrations. Which of the following best explains why freshwater fish do not convert ammonia to urea for excretion?

During the infection cycle for a typical retrovirus, such as HIV, which uses RNA as genetic material, the genetic variation in the resulting population of new virus is very high because of...

Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?

Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color?

The endocrine system incorporates feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Which of the following demonstrates negative feedback by the endocrine system?

The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals. Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?

Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?

A human kidney filters through about 200 liters of blood each day . Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient wastes are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?

Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophilic R-group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R-group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered....