Ionic Bonding

label...

what do you get when different elements join/bond together?

"compounds must be joined covalently?"

name the types of bonding in compounds...

[blank_start]ions[blank_end] are formed when one or more [blank_start]electrons[blank_end] are [blank_start]transferred[blank_end] from one atom to another. the [blank_start]simplest[blank_end] ions are single atoms which have either lost or gained electrons, [blank_start]e-,[blank_end] so they will have a [blank_start]full outer shell[blank_end].

a [blank_start]sodium atom[blank_end], Na, loses [blank_start]one[blank_end] electron to form a [blank_start]sodium ion[blank_end], Na+ shown by [blank_start]na-> na+ + e-[blank_end] a magnesium [blank_start]ion[blank_end], Mg, loses [blank_start]two electrons[blank_end] o form a magnesium ion, [blank_start]Mg+[blank_end] shown by [blank_start]mg-> mg2+ + 2e-[blank_end] a chlorine atom, [blank_start]Cl[blank_end], gains one electron to form a chloride ion, [blank_start]Cl-[blank_end] shown by [blank_start]cl + e- -> cl-[blank_end] an [blank_start]oxygen atom[blank_end], O, [blank_start]gains[blank_end] two electrons to form an [blank_start]oxide ion[blank_end], O2- shown by [blank_start]o + 2e- -> o2-[blank_end]

[blank_start]electrostatic attraction[blank_end] holds positive and [blank_start]negative[blank_end] ions together- it's very [blank_start]strong[blank_end]. when [blank_start]atoms[blank_end] are held together like this it is called [blank_start]ionic bonding[blank_end].

ions that are made up of groups of atoms with an overall charge are called...

sulfate [blank_start]SO4^2-[blank_end] hydroxide [blank_start]OH-[blank_end] Nitrate [blank_start]NO3-[blank_end] Carbonate [blank_start]CO3^2-[blank_end] ammonium [blank_start]NH4+[blank_end]

[blank_start]Ionic[blank_end] compounds are made up of a [blank_start]positive[blank_end] part and a negative part. the [blank_start]overall[blank_end] compound charge is [blank_start]zero[blank_end].

ionic crystals are...

[blank_start]ionic[blank_end] crystals are [blank_start]giant lattices[blank_end] of ions. a [blank_start]lattice[blank_end] is just a [blank_start]regular[blank_end] structure. the structures called [blank_start]giant[blank_end] because its made of the [blank_start]same basic unit[blank_end] repeated over and over again. in sodium [blank_start]chloride[blank_end], the Na+ and Cl- ions are [blank_start]packed together[blank_end]. the sodium chloride lattice is [blank_start]cube shaped[blank_end]- different ionic [blank_start]compounds[blank_end] have [blank_start]different[blank_end] shaped structures, but they're all still giant lattices.

[blank_start]ionic[blank_end] compounds conduct [blank_start]electricity[blank_end] when molten or in [blank_start]liquid[blank_end] but not when solid. the ions in a liquid are free to [blank_start]move[blank_end] and carry [blank_start]a charge[blank_end] but in a solid the ions are in a [blank_start]fixed position[blank_end]. ionic compounds have [blank_start]high[blank_end] melting points. [blank_start]giant ionic lattices[blank_end] are held together by [blank_start]strong electrostatic forces[blank_end]. it takes a [blank_start]lot of energy[blank_end] to overcome these forces, so melting points are very high. ionic compounds tend to [blank_start]dissolve[blank_end] in water. water molecules are [blank_start]polar[blank_end] -part of the molecule has a small negative charge and other bits have small [blank_start]positive[blank_end] charges. these charged parts [blank_start]pull away[blank_end] from the lattice, causing it to dissolve.